Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A. Mueller ◽  
Jeanette Carpenter ◽  
Robert Krapfel ◽  
Chester Figiel
Keyword(s):  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Preliminary Testing

The Role of Preliminary Testing in the Design of a Biosparge System

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonzo Wm. Lawrence ◽  
Andrew C. Middleton ◽  
Barbara M. Draybuck ◽  
Patrick L. Grizzle ◽  
Thomas D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Testing

Comment on "Predator classification by the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Cnidaria): role of waterborne chemical cues and physical contact with predatory sea stars"

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Dalby Jr ◽  
Joel K Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
The 1960S

In their study of behavioural responses of pennatulaceans to physical contact with asteroids in 2002, Weightman and Arsenault claim to be the first to demonstrate that cnidarians have the ability to distinguish predators from nonpredators. In fact, it has been known since at least the 1960s that cnidarians are capable of predator recognition. We briefly describe some of the abundant literature on this topic, especially studies on anthozoans.

The role of body size in predator recognition by untrained birds

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Beránková ◽  
Petr Veselý ◽  
Roman Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Predator Recognition

Is the reaction to chemical cues of predators affected by age or experience in fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra)?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ibáñez ◽  
Barbara A. Caspers ◽  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín ◽  
E. Tobias Krause
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Chemical Recognition ◽  
Behavioural Reaction ◽  
Salamandra Salamandra ◽  
In Fire

Predation is one of the strongest forces driving natural selection. Predator success reduces future prey fitness to zero. Thus, recognition and avoidance of a potential predator is an essential fitness-relevant skill for prey. Being well equipped in the predator-prey arms race is highly adaptive. In this context we tested whether age and/or potential experience of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) affected their behaviour towards the chemical signature of a potential predator. We evaluated the space use of salamanders in a test arena with a shelter containing chemical cues from a predator (i.e., a rat) and a clean shelter. Our results demonstrate that naïve subadult fire salamanders do show a significant behavioural reaction towards rat odour. However, they do not avoid the chemical cues of the potential predator, but instead have a significant preference for the shelter with rat faeces. In contrast to this, both the naïve adult and wild-caught adult fire salamanders showed neither a preference nor an avoidance of rat scent. These results could suggest a role of age in odour-based predator recognition in salamanders. Similarly, predator recognition through chemical cues could be more important early in life when the young fire salamanders are more vulnerable to predatory attacks and less important in other life stages when salamanders are less subjected to predation. In conclusion, future studies considering wild-caught subadults should disentangle the importance of previous experience for predator chemical recognition.

scholarly journals Responses of tadpoles to hybrid predator odours: strong maternal signatures and the potential risk/response mismatch

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1809) ◽  
pp. 20150365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Anthony Mathiron ◽  
Janelle R. Sloychuk ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Predator Response ◽  
Tiger Trout ◽  
Future Work

Previous studies have established that when a prey animal knows the identity of a particular predator, it can use this knowledge to make an ‘educated guess' about similar novel predators. Such generalization of predator recognition may be particularly beneficial when prey are exposed to introduced and invasive species of predators or hybrids. Here, we examined generalization of predator recognition for woodfrog tadpoles exposed to novel trout predators. Tadpoles conditioned to recognize tiger trout, a hybrid derived from brown trout and brook trout, showed generalization of recognition of several unknown trout odours. Interestingly, the tadpoles showed stronger responses to odours of brown trout than brook trout. In a second experiment, we found that tadpoles trained to recognize brown trout showed stronger responses to tiger trout than those tadpoles trained to recognize brook trout. Given that tiger trout always have a brown trout mother and a brook trout father, these results suggest a strong maternal signature in trout odours. Tadpoles that were trained to recognize both brown trout and brook trout showed stronger response to novel tiger trout than those trained to recognize only brown trout or only brook trout. This is consistent with a peak shift in recognition, whereby cues that are intermediate between two known cues evoke stronger responses than either known cue. Given that our woodfrog tadpoles have no evolutionary or individual experience with trout, they have no way of knowing whether or not brook trout, brown trout or tiger trout are more dangerous. The differential intensity of responses that we observed to hybrid trout cues and each of the parental species indicates that there is a likely mismatch between risk and anti-predator response intensity. Future work needs to address the critical role of prey naivety on responses to invasive and introduced hybrid predators.

The role of latent inhibition in acquired predator recognition by fathead minnows

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud C.O. Ferrari ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Efficient Learning

The ability of prey animals to recognize and respond to potential predators has important survival consequences. In many predator–prey systems, prey need to learn which species are potential predators. Consequently, selection should favour efficient learning mechanisms. For aquatic organisms, a very effective way to learn to identify potential predators is by associating cues of injured conspecifics with cues of an unknown predator. To our knowledge, no studies of fishes have failed to show successful acquisition of predator recognition using this learning method. The goal of our study was to begin to address the limits of this learning paradigm. Specifically, we tested whether pre-exposure to a novel predator would prevent the associative learning from occurring. In the first treatment, we pre-exposed minnows to distilled water for 1 h on 5 consecutive days and then conditioned them with conspecific skin extract paired with charr odour. In the second treatment, minnows were pre-exposed to charr odour and conditioned with conspecific skin extract paired with charr odour. In the last treatment, minnows were pre-exposed to charr odour but “conditioned” with distilled water paired with charr odour. When tested for recognition of the charr odour alone, only the fish that were not pre-exposed to charr odour showed responses to the predators. We conclude that latent inhibition affects the efficiency of associative learning of the predator.

The role of key features in predator recognition by untrained birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Beránková ◽  
Petr Veselý ◽  
Jana Sýkorová ◽  
Roman Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Key Features
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