scholarly journals Near-surface S-wave and P-wave seismic velocities of primary geological formations on the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack K. Odum ◽  
Robert A. Williams ◽  
William J. Stephenson ◽  
David M. Worley
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Constraining Properties of Sedimentary Strata Using Receiver Functions: An Example from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Cunningham ◽  
Vedran Lekic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Receiver Functions ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Converted Wave ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

ABSTRACT Thickness and seismic velocities of sedimentary sequences strongly affect their response during earthquakes, which can prolong and amplify ground motions. We characterize shallow structure of Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) sediments using a passive-seismic approach based on high-frequency P-to-S receiver functions. We map the site-specific fundamental frequency for 64 USArray Transportable Array stations and confirm that the method yields results similar to those from traditional spectral ratio techniques, with fundamental frequencies between 0.1 and 1 Hz. In addition, using sediment S-wave reverberations and P-to-S phase arrival times measured directly from the receiver functions, we invert for average S- and P-wave velocity profiles of the ACP sedimentary strata. We find that VS increases with depth following a power-law relationship (VS∝z) whereas the increase of VP with depth is more difficult to constrain using converted wave methods; therefore, we choose to use the Brocher (2005) relationship to obtain VP through a VP/VS relationship. Finally, we use the variation of measured S-reverberation amplitudes with depth to validate these velocity profiles. These results have implications for seismic shaking across the ACP, which covers large portions of the eastern United States.

Crustal Structure Beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Luetgert ◽  
Harley M. Benz ◽  
Sriram Madabhushi
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In April, 1991, a northwest-southeast trending 120-km-long seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile was recorded across the Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina, the passive margin of the eastern United States formed by Mesozoic extension during the opening of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Two-dimensional ray tracing of first arrivals and reflections indicates large lateral velocity variations in the upper 5 km of the crust. From northwest to southeast along the profile, Coastal Plain sediments thicken from a few tens of meters to more than 1 km. P-wave velocities within the sediments range from 1.85 to 3.5 km s−1, while intercalated basalts have velocities of 5.2–5.5 km s−1. The top of the crystalline basement dips eastward and is characterized by velocities of 6.0–6.2 km s−1. High velocities of 6.2 km s−1 within the crystalline basement are locally restricted to a shallow 25-km-wide zone adjacent and east of the Dunbarton basin. Seismic, gravity and magnetic observations suggest that this anomaly represents a pre-Cretaceous mafic intrusion formed during Mesozoic rifting. Mesozoic rifting is also evident from observed eastward thinning of the crust from 37 to 32 km along the profile.

P ‐Wave Reflectivity of the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath the Southern Appalachians and Atlantic Coastal Plain Using Global Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon N. Verellen ◽  
Erik C. Alberts ◽  
Gustavo A. Larramendi ◽  
E. Horry Parker ◽  
Robert B. Hawman
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Comparison of Amino Acid Racemization Geochronometry with Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, Uranium-Series Coral Dating, and Magnetostratigraphy in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McCartan ◽  
J. P. Owens ◽  
B. W. Blackwelder ◽  
B. J. Szabo ◽  
D. F. Belknap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Myrtle Beach ◽  
Atlantic Coastal ◽  
North And South ◽  
Integrated Study

AbstractThe results of an integrated study comprising litho- and biostratigraphic investigations, uranium-series coral dating, amino acid racemization in molluscs, and paleomagnetic measurements are compared to ascertain relative and absolute ages of Pleistocene deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in North and South Carolina. Four depositional events are inferred for South Carolina and two for North Carolina by all methods. The data suggest that there are four Pleistocene units containing corals that have been dated at about 100,000 yr, 200,000 yr, 450,000 yr, and over 1,000,000 yr. Some conflicts exist between the different methods regarding the correlation of the younger of these depositional events between Charleston and Myrtle Beach. Lack of good uranium-series dates for the younger material at Myrtle Beach makes the correlation with the deposits at Charleston more difficult.

Hydrology and Water Budget for a Forested Atlantic Coastal Plain Watershed, South Carolina

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott V. Harder ◽  
Devendra M. Amatya ◽  
Timothy J. Callahan ◽  
Carl C. Trettin ◽  
Jon Hakkila
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

scholarly journals Effects of cypress knee roughness on flow resistance and discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Miroslaw-Swiatek ◽  
Devendra M. Amatya
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
North West ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Atlantic Coastal ◽  
Cypress Trees

Abstract Effects of cypress knee roughness on flow resistance and discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed. In this study effects of cypress knees as vegetation resistance factor on Turkey Creek watershed discharge calculation were analyzed. The Turkey Creek watershed is a 3rd order stream system draining an approximate area of 5,240 ha. It is located at 33°08' N latitude and 79°47' W longitude, approximately 60 km north-west of City of Charleston in South Carolina (USA). Turkey Creek (WS 78) is typical of other watersheds in the south Atlantic coastal plain. In the case of Turkey Creek watershed, one of the main channels and riparian floodplain vegetation contains cypress trees. Cypress trees live in moist or swampy regions along the Atlantic coastal plain. The cypress trees are characterized by the unique root system called knees that appear just above the water line, up to 1.2 m above water surface. This study is conducted to examine the effects of roughness of cypress knee as related to its shape (diameter and height) on discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed. Hydraulic characteristics of the cypress knees were determined by field inventory in selected cross-section along the main stream channel. The Pasche method was used to calculate the total Darcy–Weisbach friction factor in discharge capacity calculation of the study watershed. The results of this study show that the effect of vegetation shape in the Pasche approach is significant. If the variability of vegetation stem diameter is taken into consideration in the calculations, an increase by 10–32% in the values of friction coefficients occurs.

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