Infiltration-Excess Overland Flow Estimated by TOPMODEL for the Conterminous United States

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wolock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Excess

scholarly journals Rainfall-runoff modelling in a catchment with a complex groundwater flow system: application of the Representative Elementary Watershed (REW) approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Zhang ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Watershed Hydrology ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Infiltration Excess

Abstract. Based on the Representative Elementary Watershed (REW) approach, the modelling tool REWASH (Representative Elementary WAterShed Hydrology) has been developed and applied to the Geer river basin. REWASH is deterministic, semi-distributed, physically based and can be directly applied to the watershed scale. In applying REWASH, the river basin is divided into a number of sub-watersheds, so called REWs, according to the Strahler order of the river network. REWASH describes the dominant hydrological processes, i.e. subsurface flow in the unsaturated and saturated domains, and overland flow by the saturation-excess and infiltration-excess mechanisms. Through flux exchanges among the different spatial domains of the REW, surface and subsurface water interactions are fully coupled. REWASH is a parsimonious tool for modelling watershed hydrological response. However, it can be modified to include more components to simulate specific processes when applied to a specific river basin where such processes are observed or considered to be dominant. In this study, we have added a new component to simulate interception using a simple parametric approach. Interception plays an important role in the water balance of a watershed although it is often disregarded. In addition, a refinement for the transpiration in the unsaturated zone has been made. Finally, an improved approach for simulating saturation overland flow by relating the variable source area to both the topography and the groundwater level is presented. The model has been calibrated and verified using a 4-year data set, which has been split into two for calibration and validation. The model performance has been assessed by multi-criteria evaluation. This work is the first full application of the REW approach to watershed rainfall-runoff modelling in a real watershed. The results demonstrate that the REW approach provides an alternative blueprint for physically based hydrological modelling.

scholarly journals Hydrological functioning of cattle ranching impoundments in the Dry Chaco rangelands of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1596-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio N. Magliano ◽  
David Mindham ◽  
Wlodek Tych ◽  
Francisco Murray ◽  
Marcelo D. Nosetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Cattle Ranching ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
Controlling Variables ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hydrological Functioning

Abstract Rainwater harvesting and associated storage is essential for cattle ranching in the drylands of Argentina and elsewhere. This is the first study to attempt to quantify the hydrological inflows and losses from rainwater harvesting impoundments. To address the direct effect of cattle within impoundments, a typical cattle-affected impoundment was instrumented and compared with that of a similar impoundment but without cattle access. Analysis of the storage dynamics with reference to the controlling variables demonstrated the highly episodic nature of the generation of infiltration-excess overland flow that recharged the impoundments. The impoundments experienced 43 and 35% of storage loss to open-water-evaporation for the cattle-affected and control impoundments, respectively. Critically, the cattle-effected impoundment lost only 15% of storage to leakage (after cattle consumption was taken into account), while the control lost 65% of its water to basal leakage. Indeed systems modelling of the rainfall-storage dynamics showed that the cattle-affected impoundment, despite consumption by 300 cows, maintained water in the impoundment (per a unit input of rainfall) for longer than the control (a 65- versus 25-day residence time). These results highlight the unintended beneficial effect of cattle trampling on the floor of the impoundment reducing leakage losses.

scholarly journals Urban Flood Event and Associated Damage in the Benue Valley, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temi Ologunorisa ◽  
Obioma Ogbuokiri ◽  
Adebayo Oluwole Eludoyin
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Flooding events in the Lower Benue valley of Nigeria are often associated with huge damage to properties and loss of life in the adjoining communities. Specific objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of 2017 flood event as typical of the study area. Method used was an integrated environmental approach that combines analysis of rainfall and discharge data with social surveys, remote sensing and geographical information system. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) as well as flood damage curves were analysed with landuse/cover change and soil data to establish the nature of the flood and its impacts. Result showed that the flood in the study area is essentially saturation overland flow, which is more associated with saturation-excess than infiltration excess flow, and that the flood events are recurrent and predictable. 85% of the affected residents are however poor, earning an equivalent of US $4.3 daily, and live in non-reinforced concrete masonry (64%) and wooden buildings (24%). Many of the affected communities lived within flood plain and most buildings were structurally deficient. Victims received no compensation, and the properties were generally uninsured. The study recommends extensive flood control policy for the area and similar flood-prone communities.

scholarly journals Modelling the Event-Based Hydrological Response of Mediterranean Forests to Prescribed Fire and Soil Mulching with Fern Using the Curve Number, Horton and USLE-Family (Universal Soil Loss Equation) Models

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Bruno Gianmarco Carra ◽  
Giuseppe Bombino ◽  
Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽  
Pietro Denisi ◽  
Pedro Antonio Plaza-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Scs Cn

The SCS-CN, Horton, and USLE-family models are widely used to predict and control runoff and erosion in forest ecosystems. However, in the literature there is no evidence of their use in Mediterranean forests subjected to prescribed fire and soil mulching. To fill this gap, this study evaluates the prediction capability for runoff and soil loss of the SCS-CN, Horton, MUSLE, and USLE-M models in three forests (pine, chestnut, and oak) in Southern Italy. The investigation was carried out at plot and event scales throughout one year, after a prescribed fire and post-fire soil mulching with fern. The SCS-CN and USLE-M models were accurate in predicting runoff volume and soil loss, respectively. In contrast, poor predictions of the modelled hydrological variables were provided by the models in unburned plots, and by the Horton and MUSLE models for all soil conditions. This inaccuracy may have been due to the fact that the runoff and erosion generation mechanisms were saturation-excess and rainsplash, while the Horton and MUSLE models better simulate infiltration-excess and overland flow processes, respectively. For the SCS-CN and USLE-M models, calibration was needed to obtain accurate predictions of surface runoff and soil loss; furthermore, different CNs and C factors must be input throughout the year to simulate the variability of the hydrological response of soil after fire. After calibration, two sets of CNs and C-factor values were suggested for applications of the SCS-CN and USLE-M models, after prescribed fire and fern mulching in Mediterranean forests. Once validated in a wider range of environmental contexts, these models may support land managers in controlling the hydrology of Mediterranean forests that are prone to wildfire risks.

scholarly journals Response of the parameters of excess infiltration and excess storage model to land use cover change

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexiu Wen ◽  
Caihong Hu ◽  
Guodong Zhang ◽  
Shengqi Jian
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Excess ◽  
Generation Mechanisms

AbstractThe Loess Plateau is the main source of water in Yellow River, China. After 1980s, the Yellow river water presented a significant reduction, what caused the decrease of the Yellow river discharge had been debated in academic circles. We proceeded with runoff generation mechanisms to explain this phenomenon. We built saturation excess runoff and infiltration excess runoff generation mechanisms for rainfall–runoff simulation in Jingle sub-basin of Fen River basin on the Loess Plateau, to reveal the influence of land use change on flood processes and studied the changes of model parameters under different underlying conditions. The results showed that the runoff generation mechanism was mainly infiltration-excess overland flow, but the flood events of saturation-excess overland flow had an increasing trend because of land use cover change (the increase of forestland and grassland areas and the reduction of cultivated land). Some of the model parameters had physical significances，such as water storage capacity (WM), infiltration capacity (f), evapotranspiration (CKE), soil permeability coefficient (k) and index of storage capacity distribution curve (n) showed increasing trends, and index of infiltration capacity distribution curve (m) showed a decreasing trend. The above results proved the changes of runoff generation mechanism from the perspective of model parameters in Jingle sub-basin, which can provide a new perspective for understanding the discharge reduction in the Yellow River basin.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation for the distributed modeling of infiltration excess overland flow

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Castaings ◽  
D. Dartus ◽  
F.-X. Le Dimet ◽  
G.-M. Saulnier
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Parametric Uncertainty ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Adjoint Sensitivity ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Infiltration Excess

Abstract. The variational methods widely used for other environmental systems are applied to a spatially distributed flash flood model coupling kinematic wave overland flow and Green Ampt infiltration. Using an idealized configuration where only parametric uncertainty is addressed, the potential of this approach is illustrated for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation. Adjoint sensitivity analysis provides an extensive insight into the relation between model parameters and the hydrological response and enables the use of efficient gradient based optimization techniques.

Understanding the Distinct Impacts of MCS and Non-MCS Rainfall on the Surface Water Balance in the Central United States Using a Numerical Water-Tagging Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2343-2357
Author(s):  
Huancui Hu ◽  
L. Ruby Leung ◽  
Zhe Feng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Infiltration Excess

ABSTRACTWarm-season rainfall associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the central United States is characterized by higher intensity and nocturnal timing compared to rainfall from non-MCS systems, suggesting their potentially different footprints on the land surface. To differentiate the impacts of MCS and non-MCS rainfall on the surface water balance, a water tracer tool embedded in the Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (WT-Noah-MP) is used to numerically “tag” water from MCS and non-MCS rainfall separately during April–August (1997–2018) and track their transit in the terrestrial system. From the water-tagging results, over 50% of warm-season rainfall leaves the surface–subsurface system through evapotranspiration by the end of August, but non-MCS rainfall contributes a larger fraction. However, MCS rainfall plays a more important role in generating surface runoff. These differences are mostly attributed to the rainfall intensity differences. The higher-intensity MCS rainfall tends to produce more surface runoff through infiltration excess flow and drives a deeper penetration of the rainwater into the soil. Over 70% of the top 10th percentile runoff is contributed by MCS rainfall, demonstrating its important contribution to local flooding. In contrast, lower-intensity non-MCS rainfall resides mostly in the top layer and contributes more to evapotranspiration through soil evaporation. Diurnal timing of rainfall has negligible effects on the flux partitioning for both MCS and non-MCS rainfall. Differences in soil moisture profiles for MCS and non-MCS rainfall and the resultant evapotranspiration suggest differences in their roles in soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks and ecohydrology.

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