Map showing ranges in elevation of land surface above mean sea level, Connecticut Valley urban area central New England

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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STRATIGRAPHY AND PROVENANCE OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY-GASPE BASIN IN WESTERN NEW ENGLAND: EVIDENCE FOR A TOPOGRAPHIC BARRIER BETWEEN THE ACADIAN HINTERLAND AND FORELAND

10.1130/abs/2018ne-310880 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Laura K. Stamp ◽

◽

Paul Karabinos ◽

James Crowley

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Connecticut Valley

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Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines, Portugal

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-15-2557-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2557-2568 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Wronna ◽

R. Omira ◽

M. A. Baptista

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Wave Height ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Test Site ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Deterministic Approach ◽

Flow Depth ◽

Mean Sea Level ◽

Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽

The Impact

Abstract. In this paper, we present a deterministic approach to tsunami hazard assessment for the city and harbour of Sines, Portugal, one of the test sites of project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe). Sines has one of the most important deep-water ports, which has oil-bearing, petrochemical, liquid-bulk, coal, and container terminals. The port and its industrial infrastructures face the ocean southwest towards the main seismogenic sources. This work considers two different seismic zones: the Southwest Iberian Margin and the Gloria Fault. Within these two regions, we selected a total of six scenarios to assess the tsunami impact at the test site. The tsunami simulations are computed using NSWING, a Non-linear Shallow Water model wIth Nested Grids. In this study, the static effect of tides is analysed for three different tidal stages: MLLW (mean lower low water), MSL (mean sea level), and MHHW (mean higher high water). For each scenario, the tsunami hazard is described by maximum values of wave height, flow depth, drawback, maximum inundation area and run-up. Synthetic waveforms are computed at virtual tide gauges at specific locations outside and inside the harbour. The final results describe the impact at the Sines test site considering the single scenarios at mean sea level, the aggregate scenario, and the influence of the tide on the aggregate scenario. The results confirm the composite source of Horseshoe and Marques de Pombal faults as the worst-case scenario, with wave heights of over 10 m, which reach the coast approximately 22 min after the rupture. It dominates the aggregate scenario by about 60 % of the impact area at the test site, considering maximum wave height and maximum flow depth. The HSMPF scenario inundates a total area of 3.5 km2.

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