Assessment of Moderate- and High-Temperature Geothermal Resources of the United States

Fact Sheet ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. Williams ◽  
Marshall J. Reed ◽  
Robert H. Mariner ◽  
Jacob DeAngelo ◽  
S. Peter Galanis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geothermal Resources

scholarly journals 692. Effects of Regional Climatic Variability on West Nile Virus Outbreaks in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S249-S250
Author(s):  
Raghesh Varot Kangath ◽  
Buddhika Maduraperuma ◽  
Juliana Souza Borges ◽  
Rajasreepai Ramachandrapai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Cca Ordination ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
South Central ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background Transmission of WNV to humans in the United States typically occurs between June and September since warm temperatures accelerate mosquito life cycle. Precipitation can cause increase in aquatic breeding but outbreaks often depends upon human water management. We examine epidemiology, patterns of WNV disease transmission, and identification of high-risk areas in the United States from 2003 to 2014. Methods Trends and relationships of WNV cases and climatic factors were analyzed among the regions of the United States from 2003 to 2014. Human WNV tabulate data and climatic data were obtained from Centers for Disease Control, and NOAA and Climate Data Guide, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed using variables: (i) neuroinvasive disease cases, non-neuroinvasive disease cases, deaths, presumptiveviremic blood donors, (ii) precipitation, temperature, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and population density. The CCA ordination was explained the variability between WNV disease cases andclimatic variables. Biplots were used to visualize the associations between WNV cases and climatic anomalies. Results We compared the state wise WNV disease cases in relation to climatic and population density in the United States from 2003 to 2014. A total of 4,064 cases in 2006, 956 cases in 2010 and, 2,141 cases in 2014 were reported in the 32 states of the United States. Colorado state reported the highest WNV cases in 2003 (2,947 cases; 33%), followed by Texas in 2012 (1,868 cases; 35%) and California in 2014 (801 case; 37%). CCA ordination showed distinguishable clustering patterns between south central (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Oklahoma) and northern Great Plains (North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska) regions (Figure 1). High temperature and prolong drought were the most important variable predictor for high WNV outbreak. Conclusion Vector control methods focusing on prevention must be implemented to avoid epidemics of WNV if high temperature is leading to an unusual drought especially at the risk areas, such as Texas and California. However, high temperature with moist spell anomalies in the south central region showed a negative influence on WNV outbreak. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Prediction of Flash Droughts over the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1810
Author(s):  
Kingtse C. Mo ◽  
Dennis P Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
The North ◽  
June July

AbstractWe examine reforecasts of flash droughts over the United States for the late spring (April–May), midsummer (June–July), and late summer/early autumn (August–September) with lead times up to 3 pentads based on the NOAA second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts version 2 (GEFSv2). We consider forecasts of both heat wave and precipitation deficit (P deficit) flash droughts, where heat wave flash droughts are characterized by high temperature and depletion of soil moisture and P deficit flash droughts are caused by lack of precipitation that leads to (rather than being the cause of) high temperature. We find that the GEFSv2 reforecasts generally capture the frequency of occurrence (FOC) patterns. The equitable threat score (ETS) of heat wave flash drought forecasts for late spring in the regions where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur over the north-central and Pacific Northwest regions is statistically significant up to 2 pentads. The GEFSv2 reforecasts capture the basic pattern of the FOC of P-deficit flash droughts and also are skillful up to lead about 2 pentads. However, the reforecasts overestimate the P-deficit flash drought FOC over parts of the Southwest in late spring, leading to large false alarm rates. For autumn, the reforecasts underestimate P-deficit flash drought occurrence over California and Nevada. The GEFSv2 reforecasts are able to capture the approximately linear relationship between evaporation and soil moisture, but the lack of skill in precipitation forecasts limits the skill of P-deficit flash drought forecasts.

High-Temperature Applications of Intermetallic Compounds

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Pope ◽  
Ram Darolia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Material System ◽  
National Defense ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
High Level

One of the greatest challenges currently facing the materials community is the need to develop a new generation of materials to replace Ni-based superalloys in the hot sections of gas-turbine engines for aircraft-propulsion systems. The present alloys, which have a Ni-based solid-solution matrix surrounding Ni3Al-based precipitates, are currently used at temperatures exceeding 1100°C, which is over 80% of the absolute melting temperature. Since Ni3Al melts at 1395°C and Ni at 1453°C, it is clear that significantly higher operating temperatures, with the attendant improvements in efficiency and thrust-to-weight ratio, can only be attained by the development of an entirely new materials system. This problem is a primary reason for the current high level of interest in high-temperature intermetallic compounds.The development of such a material system has important implications for national defense and for spin-offs to civilian technology, as well as for the economy and balance of payments. Obviously it would be a boon to any economy to have these new materials developed domestically, as was the case in the United States for the currently used single-crystal technology applied to Ni-based superalloys. As an example, the aerospace industry is one area where the United States is still the undisputed world leader, with net exports of $29 billion in 1989, twice that of any other U.S. industry.

scholarly journals The Effects of Heat Stress on Photosynthesis of Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' and Gaillardia ×grandiflora `Goblin'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 551B-551a
Author(s):  
Melyssa K. Davis ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Herbaceous perennials are one of the fastest growing ornamental sectors in the United States. Current production recommendations do not address the effect of environmental factors, such as high temperature, on growth of herbaceous perennials. The focus of this research was to determine how supra-optimal temperatures effect growth and photosynthesis. Plants were exposed to a high temperature of 35 °C and photosynthesis measurements were recorded over a 6-week period at 1100, 1300, and 1500 hr. Results indicate that the time of day the measurements were taken made little difference on rate of photosynthesis and that there was a similar trend in photosynthetic rate over the 6-week period. Photosynthesis decreased as the plants began to flower and then increased until the onset of flower senescence. Plants grown at supraoptimal and optimal conditions had a similar trend and rate of photosynthesis throughout the 6-week period. Plant growth significantly decreased as the duration of high temperature increased for both species; however, Gaillardia was more heat tolerant then Coreopsis.

Ultra-Pasteurization of Whipping Cream

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. AGGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Ultra-pasteurization of whipping cream in the United States is now synonymous with commercial sterilization. Correct composition of whipping cream is essential to comply with the standard of identity and to produce a product with desirable qualities. Careful selection of the ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing system is helpful to offset unwanted characteristics in the finished product. Functionality of various stabilizers and emulsifiers in the product is described. Homogenization of the product during UHT processing helps improve its physical stability. A long shelflife whipping cream with improved physico-chemical stability but containing no foreign additives can be produced commercially. Some of the physical conditions for whipping cream such as its cold storage, whipping time, and temperature are necessary to assure consumers of its peak performance.

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