scholarly journals Water resources of the Atlanta metropolitan area

Circular ◽  
1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Carter ◽  
Stephen M. Herrick
Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3505
Author(s):  
Dongzhe Liang ◽  
Hongwei Lu ◽  
Liyang Feng ◽  
Lihua Qiu ◽  
Li He

The shortage and overexploitation of water resources restrict the sustainable development of metropolitan areas. To evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources, we identified the occupancy of natural capital stock and the consumption of natural capital flow by water resources consumption and analyzed the factors influencing water resources consumption in metropolitan area development. We took the Wuhan Metropolitan Area in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object and introduced footprint depth and size, the water ecological footprint (WEF) model was expanded into the three-dimensional WEF model. Based on this model, an evaluation system for the sustainable utilization level of water resources was constructed with five indices—water ecological deficit, water ecological surplus, water ecological pressure, WEF depth, and WEF size. Finally, the driving factors of WEF change were analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The evaluation of the sustainable utilization level of water resources showed that the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a whole experienced water ecological surplus from 2010 to 2019, but there were different degrees of water ecological deficit in its inner urban areas, and the most serious cumulative deficit was 5.02 ha/cap in Ezhou. In 2011 and 2019, the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the metropolitan area reached a relatively unsustainable state. Xianning was the urban area with the most sustainable utilization level of water resources. During the study period, the metropolitan area did not occupy the natural capital stock of water resources, and the natural capital flow of water resources in the inner urban areas could meet the demand of the current consumption of the region in 2010 and 2016. The analysis of the driving factors of WEF change showed that economic development effect and population pressure effect had a positive driving effect on WEF change, while WEF intensity effect and water resources carrying capacity effect had the opposite effect. Finally, according to the research results, it can be seen that improving the efficiency of water resources utilization, protecting the natural capital stock of water resources, realizing differentiated regional development through the market economy and developing water policy can be helpful to improve the level of sustainable water resources utilization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 105010
Author(s):  
Nakul kumar Nayan ◽  
Arup Das ◽  
Arjun Mukerji ◽  
Taraknath Mazumder ◽  
Subhas Bera

GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ricardo Ribeiro

A crise de abastecimento de água ocorrida no biênio 2014-2015 atingiu de forma intensa e prolongada as duas maiores aglomerações metropolitanas brasileiras – Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo –, fortemente dependentes de bacias hidrográficas externas às suas áreas de abrangência e submetidas a um processo histórico de degradação ambiental – Paraíba do Sul e Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Para além da ênfase na dimensão natural da conjuntura de crise, expressa na situação de escassez hídrica, o presente trabalho discute o papel desempenhado pelas redes técnicas de infraestrutura na conquista das águas das duas metrópoles, cujos sistemas de abastecimento expandiram-se e articularam-se progressivamente em direção aos mesmos recursos hídricos, por meio de esquemas de transposição que permitem a exploração de mananciais situados a distâncias cada vez maiores. As redes técnicas constituem-se em superfícies de regulação que delimitam e organizam a atuação das companhias estaduais de abastecimento de água, que assumiram o protagonismo da gestão da crise, colocando em xeque os princípios de descentralização e de participação consagrados na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supostamente expressos na atuação dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. A decisão do governo paulista, motivada pela crise, de implementar a interligação entre os reservatórios de Jaguari e de Atibainha, com o objetivo de aumentar a segurança hídrica da metrópole paulistana via Sistema Cantareira, acirrou a competição com a metrópole carioca pelo uso dos recursos hídricos do Rio Paraíba do Sul. A interligação significou a possibilidade de conexão física entre esses conjuntos territoriais e evidenciou o processo de construção de uma escala regional de gestão das águas, expressa nos termos de uma “megarregião hídrica”, ou de uma “hidromegarregião”, circunscrita pela contínua e crescente integração entre os sistemas de abastecimento de água das duas metrópoles.Palavras-chave: crise de abastecimento de água; escala regional; Hidromegarregião Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestrutura; superfícies de regulação. BETWEEN BASINS, MESHES AND NETWORKS: FROM THE THIRSTY METROPOLES TO THE WATER MEGAREGION Abstract: The water supply crisis that occurred in the two-year period of 2014-2015 intensely and protractedly affected the two largest metropolitan agglomerations in Brazil – Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo –, heavily dependent on hydrographic basins outside their catchment areas and subjected to a historical process of environmental degradation – Paraíba do Sul and Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectively. Going beyond emphasis on the natural dimension of the crisis, expressed in the situation of water scarcity, this paper discusses the role played by technical infrastructure networks in conquering the waters of the two metropoles, whose supply systems have been expanded and articulated progressively towards the same water resources, through transposition schemes enabling the exploitation of water sources located at ever greater distances. Technical networks are formed into regulatory areas that delimit and organize the activities of state water supply companies, which have taken on the role of crisis management, placing in check the principles of decentralization and participation enshrined in the National Water Resources Policy, supposedly expressed in the performance of the Hydrographic Basin Committees. The decision by the São Paulo state government, motivated by the crisis, to implement an interconnection between the Jaguari and Atibainha reservoirs, with the aim of increasing the water security in the São Paulo metropolitan area via the Cantareira System, intensified the competition with the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area for the use of water resources from the Paraíba do Sul River. The interconnection meant the possibility of physical connection between these territorial groups and highlighted the process of building a regional water management scale, expressed in terms of a “water megaregion”, or of a “hydromegaregion”, circumscribed by the continuous and growing integration between the water supply systems of the two metropoles. Keywords: water supply crisis; regional scale; Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo Hydromegaregion; technical infrastructure networks; regulatory areas. ENTRE CUENCAS, MALLAS Y REDES: DE LAS METRÓPOLIS SEDIENTAS A LA MEGARREGIÓN HÍDRICA Resumen: La crisis de abastecimiento de agua ocurrida en el bienio 2014-2015 afectó de manera intensa y prolongada las dos aglomeraciones metropolitanas brasileñas más grande – Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo –, fuertemente dependientes de cuencas hidrográficas externas a sus áreas de alcance y sometidas a un proceso histórico de degradación ambiental – Paraíba do Sul y Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Además del énfasis en la dimensión natural de la coyuntura de la crisis, expresada en la situación de escasez hídrica, el presente trabajo discute el papel desempeñado por las redes técnicas de infraestructura en la conquista de las aguas de las dos metrópolis, cuyos sistemas de abastecimiento se expandieron y se articularon progresivamente en dirección a los recursos hídricos, mediante esquemas de transposición que permiten la explotación de manantiales ubicados a distancias cada vez mayores. Las redes técnicas se constituyen en superficies de regulación que delimitan y organizan la actuación de las compañías estatales de abastecimiento de agua, que han asumido el protagonismo de la gestión de la crisis, poniendo en jaque los principios de descentralización y de participación consagrados en la Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supuestamente expresados en la actuación de los Comités de Cuenca Hidrográfica. La decisión del gobierno de São Paulo, motivada por la crisis, de implementar la interconexión entre los depósitos de agua de Jaguari y de Atibainha, con el objetivo de aumentar la seguridad hídrica de la metrópolis de São Paulo a través del Sistema Cantareira, provocó la competición con la metrópolis de Rio de Janeiro por el uso de los recursos hídricos del Río Paraíba do Sul. La interconexión significó la posibilidad de conexión física entre estos conjuntos territoriales y evidenció el proceso de construcción de una escala regional de gestión de las aguas, expresa en los términos de una “megarregión hídrica” o de una “hidromegarregión” circunscrita por la continua y creciente integración entre los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua de las dos metrópolis. Palabras clave: crisis de abastecimiento de agua; escala regional; Hidromegarregión Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestructura; superficies de regulación.


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