Long term mean annual water temperature for stream reaches in Pacific Northwest United States

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Temperature

scholarly journals Effect of climate warming on a change in thermal and ice conditions in the largest lake in Poland – Lake Śniardwy

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Bogumił Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Pettitt Test ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Temperature

AbstractLake Śniardwy is the largest among more than 7000 Polish lakes. So far, it has not been a subject of detailed investigations concerning long-term changes in water temperature or ice regime. A considerable change in thermal and ice conditions has been observed in the period 1972–2019. Mean annual water temperature increased by 0.44°C dec−1 on average, and was higher than an increase in air temperature (0.33°C dec−1). In the monthly cycle, the most dynamic changes occurred in April (0.77°C dec−1). In the case of ice cover, it appeared increasingly later (5.3 days dec−1), and disappeared earlier (3.0 days dec−1). The thickness of ice cover also decreased (2.4 cm dec−1). Statistical analysis by means of a Pettitt test showed that the critical moment for the transformations of the thermal and ice regime was the end of the 1980’s. In addition to the obvious relations with air temperature for both characteristics, it was evidenced that the occurrence of ice cover depended on wind speed and snow cover. The recorded changes in the case of Lake Śniardwy are considered unfavourable, and their consequences will affect the course of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the largest lake in Poland.

scholarly journals The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 4481-4499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Medici ◽  
Kenneth L. Cummins ◽  
Daniel J. Cecil ◽  
William J. Koshak ◽  
Scott D. Rudlosky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Total Lightning ◽  
Imaging Sensor ◽  
Optical Transient

This work addresses the long-term relative occurrence of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC; no attachment to ground) flashes for the contiguous United States (CONUS). It expands upon an earlier analysis by Boccippio et al. who employed 4-yr datasets provided by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and the Optical Transient Detector (OTD). Today, the duration of the NLDN historical dataset has more than tripled, and OTD data can be supplemented with data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). This work is timely, given the launch of GOES-16, which includes the world’s first geostationary lightning mapper that will observe total lightning (IC and CG) over the Americas and adjacent ocean regions. Findings support earlier results indicating factor-of-10 variations in the IC:CG ratio throughout CONUS, with climatological IC fraction varying between 0.3 and greater than 0.9. The largest values are seen in the Pacific Northwest, central California, and where Colorado borders Kansas and Nebraska. An uncertainty analysis indicates that the large values in the northwest and central California are likely not due to measurement uncertainty. The high IC:CG ratio (>4) throughout much of Texas reported by Boccippio et al. is not supported by this longer-term climatology. There is no clear evidence of differences in IC fraction between land and coastal ocean. Lightning characteristics in six selected large regions show a consistent positive relationship between IC fraction and the percent of positive CG flashes, irrespective of lightning incidence (flash density), dominant season, or diurnal maximum period.

scholarly journals Effect of climatic changes on the development of the thermal-ice regime based on the example of Lake Charzykowskie (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Bożena Pius ◽  
Włodzimierz Marszelewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Temperature ◽  
Period Of Occurrence

Abstract The paper discusses the course of air temperature in the years 1961-2014 in Chojnice (Central European Lowland), and its effect on water temperature and occurrence of ice cover on Lake Charzykowskie. An increase in mean annual air temperature was determined by 0.31°C per 10 years, and its even faster increase in the winter season (December-March), by 0.37°C per 10 years on average. An increase in mean annual water temperature in the lake by 0.24°C per 10 years also occurred. An increase in air and water temperature in winter months caused a reduction of the period of occurrence of ice cover. In the years 1961-2014, the persistence of ice cover was subject to a decrease by 3.7 days per 10 years on average, and the mean thickness of the ice cover decreased from 30 to 19 cm.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities on Wheat Grown Under Long-Term Conventional Tillage and No-Till in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Nicholas Mueth ◽  
Scot Hulbert ◽  
Daniel Schlatter ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till

Cultural practices, such as tillage, often have widespread impacts on phytobiomes. No-till has been increasingly adopted by wheat growers in the dryland cropping areas of the inland Pacific Northwest in the United States to reduce soil erosion and decrease fuel and labor inputs, yet there are limited data on how conversion to no-till impacts plant-associated bacteria in this highly productive system. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated bacterial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soil of wheat in two locations (Idaho and Washington) for 2 years, comparing long-term no-till plots and adjacent plots under conventional tillage. In this study, members of phylum Proteobacteria were relatively more abundant in rhizosphere soil, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. Bacteroidetes were more frequent under conventional than conservation tillage. In general, bacterial families were more affected by the position of the sample (rhizosphere versus bulk soil) than by tillage practices. Families generally regarded as copiotrophic (Oxalobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Cytophagaceae) were more abundant in rhizosphere soil than bulk in both years. On the contrary, oligotrophic families such as Gaiellaceae and those within Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. Families affected by tillage varied between the 2 years. These results suggest that bacterial communities in soil were more influenced by plant proximity (rhizosphere versus bulk soil) than by tillage practices, but that specific differences were not consistent and may vary among locations and years.

scholarly journals Abundance of three species of Isopoda (Peracarida, Isopoda) associated with a coral reef environment in Pacific Mexico

Crustaceana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1664-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cruz-García ◽  
Amilcar L. Cupul-Magaña ◽  
Michel E. Hendrickx ◽  
Alma P. Rodríguez-Troncoso
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Coral Reef Environment ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Temperature

Fragments of dead coral belonging toPocilloporaLamarck, 1816 were used during a 1-year period as artificial micro-habitats and positioned at a coral reef community at Islas Marietas, Bahía Banderas, on the west coast of Mexico, to attract and capture isopods. Three species of isopods, totaling 961 specimens were collected. The dominant species wasJoeropsis dubia(Menzies, 1951) (Joeropsididae) (83.03% of the total number of specimens), followed byCalifanthura squamosissima(Menzies, 1951) (Paranthuridae) (9.78%), andParacerceis sculpta(Holmes, 1904) (Sphaeromatidae) (7.18%). The average density of isopods was of 12.0 × 10−2ind. ⋅ cm−2. A positive relationship between water temperature and total density of individuals during the sampling period was found. Annual water temperature changes influenced the abundance of each species in a similar way, with the higher abundances associated to the lower temperatures, which is also related to an increase in primary productivity and the presence of upwellings in the area.

scholarly journals The transformation of rivers’ temperature regime downstream of reservoirs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Ivan Kirvel ◽  
Mikhail Kukshinov ◽  
Pavel Kirvel
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Annual Water Temperature ◽  
Storage Pools

Abstract The article is dedicated to the problem of the transformation of rivers’ temperature conditions influenced by artificial reservoirs. A quantitative estimation of average water temperatures over ten days, and maximum and average annual water temperatures of regulated rivers downstream of reservoirs was made on the basis of the data analysis of a complete period of instrumental observations of the Republican Hydrometeorological Centre of the Republic of Belarus. It is established that the character and the parameters of the transformation of temperature conditions of the regulated rivers along with morphometric features of the reservoirs are determined by the meteorological conditions of the year and the operating conditions of the water-engineering system. The length of the cooling period effect varies from 20 days downstream of small reservoirs to 50-70 days downstream of small and average size reservoirs. The warming effect is less significant by temperature, but lasts longer and is appreciable around 200-240 days in a year. An increase in the average annual water temperature up to 0.5°C and a decrease in maximum temperature down to 1.1°C are observed in the tail-water of average size storage pools. Small size storage pools demonstrate an annual increase in annual water temperature up to 0.3°C and a decrease in maximum temperature down to 0.3°C. Small size water pools show an increase both in annual water temperature up to 0.5°C and maximum water temperature up to 0.3°C. Typical changes in temperature conditions of rivers are observed for a distance of 130 kilometres below the dam of average size water pools, along 70 kilometres in small water pools and along 30 kilometres in tiny ones.

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