History of North American pinnipeds: A monograph of the walruses, sea-lions, sea-bears, and seals of North America

This article provides a comparative overview of the history of museums in Europe and North America, from their origins to their most recent postmodern transformations. It highlights the very unique evolution of museums in North America compared to their European counterparts due to their emphasis on leisure and their strong ties with local communities. It also shows how museums in Quebec, and in Canada as a whole, tend to focus more on ideas than those in Europe, the Musée de la civilisation being a prime example. North American museums have demonstrated the capacity to adapt to the specific needs of communities by being open and flexible institutions capable of preserving heritage, speaking to citizens, and transmitting − or simply bringing life to − past and present cultures.

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Breeding of the Crested Wheatgrass Complex (Agropyron spp.) for North American Temperate Rangeland Agriculture and Conservation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1134

Author(s):

Joseph G. Robins ◽

Kevin B. Jensen

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North American ◽

Soil Stabilization ◽

Crested Wheatgrass ◽

Western Usa ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

History Of ◽

Feed Source ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Breeding And Genetics

Species from the crested wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.) complex have been widely used for revegetation and grazing on North American rangelands for over 100 years. Focused crested wheatgrass breeding has been ongoing since the 1920s. These efforts resulted in the development of 18 cultivars adapted to western USA and Canadian growing conditions. These cultivars establish rapidly, persist, and provide soil stabilization and a reliable feed source for domestic livestock and wildlife. To address ecological concerns and increase rangeland agriculture efficiency, crested wheatgrass breeding requires new emphases and techniques. This review covers the history of crested wheatgrass breeding and genetics in North America and discusses emerging methods and practices for improvement in the future.

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“Good English without Idiom or Tone”: The Colonial Origins of American Speech

Journal of Interdisciplinary History ◽

10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 513-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paul K. Longmore

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

Political History ◽

National Language ◽

Standard English ◽

American Colonies ◽

History Of ◽

Linguistic Evolution ◽

American Nation

The interplay between modes of speech and the demographical, geographical, social, and political history of Britain's North American colonies of settlement influenced the linguistic evolution of colonial English speech. By the early to mid-eighteenth century, regional varieties of English emerged that were not only regionally comprehensible but perceived by many observers as homogeneous in contrast to the deep dialectical differences in Britain. Many commentators also declared that Anglophone colonial speech matched metropolitan standard English. As a result, British colonials in North America possessed a national language well before they became “Americans.” This shared manner of speech inadvertently helped to prepare them for independent American nation-hood.

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MICROFUNGI: I. CORDANA, BRACHYSPORIUM, PHRAGMOCEPHALA

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b55-019 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. J. Hughes

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North American ◽

History Of

Cordana pauciseptata is illustrated and redescribed from North American collections on wood and bark and from isolations from wood. The history of the genus is reviewed. Brachysporium apicole (syn. Monotospora triseptata, syn. Acrothecium anixiae) and Brachysporium obovatum are discussed, and North American collections as represented in Herb. DAOM are listed. Brachysporium polyseptatum (syn. B. bloxami) is illustrated and B. pendulisporum is described as new. Phragmocephala cookei and P. glandulaeformis (syn. P. minima) are recorded for North America.

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Introduction

Remaking North American Sovereignty ◽

10.5422/fordham/9780823288458.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Frank Towers

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Nineteenth Century ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

The United States ◽

Political Order ◽

Nation State ◽

History Of ◽

Key Terms ◽

The U.S

Today’s political map of North America took its basic shape in a continental crisis in the 1860s, marked by Canadian Confederation (1867), the end of the U.S. Civil War (1865), the restoration of the Mexican Republic (1867), and numerous wars and treaty regimes conducted between these states and indigenous peoples through the 1870s. This volume explores the tumultuous history of North American state-making in the mid-nineteenth century from a continental perspective that seeks to look across and beyond the traditional nation-centered approach. This introduction orients readers by first exploring the meaning of key terms—in particular sovereignty and its historical attachment to the concept of the nation state—and then previewing how contributors interrogate different themes of the mid-century struggles that remade the continent’s political order. Those themes fall into three main categories: the character of the states made and remade in the mid-1800s; the question of sovereignty for indigenous polities that confronted the European-settler descended governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; and the interaction between capitalist expansion and North American politics, and the concomitant implications of state making for sovereignty’s more diffuse meaning at the level of individual and group autonomy.

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Icelandic Cake Fight: History of an Immigrant Recipe

Gastronomica The Journal of Food and Culture ◽

10.1525/gfc.2019.19.4.28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 28-41

Author(s):

Laurie K. Bertram

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

English Language ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

History Of ◽

American Heritage ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Culinary Traditions ◽

Oral History Interviews

This article explores the history of vínarterta, a striped fruit torte imported by Icelandic immigrants to North America in the late nineteenth century and obsessively preserved by their descendants today. When roughly 20–25 percent of the population of Iceland relocated to North America between 1870 and 1914, they brought with them a host of culinary traditions, the most popular and enduring of which is this labor-intensive, spiced, layered dessert. Considered an essential fixture at any important gathering, including weddings, holidays, and funerals, vínarterta looms large in Icelandic–North American popular culture. Family recipes are often closely guarded, and any alterations to the “correct recipe,” including number of layers, inclusion or exclusion of cardamom or frosting, and the use of almond extract, are still hotly debated by community members who see changes to “original” recipes as a controversial, even offensive sign of cultural degeneration. In spite of this dedication to authenticity, this torte is an unusual ethnic symbol with a complex past. The first recipes for “Vienna torte” were Danish imports via Austria, originally popular with the Icelandic immigrant generation in the late nineteenth century because of their glamorous connections to continental Europe. Moreover, the dessert fell out of fashion in Iceland roughly at the same time as it ascended as an ethnic symbol in wartime and postwar North American heritage spectacles. Proceeding from recipe books, oral history interviews, memoirs, and Icelandic and English language newspapers, this article examines the complex history of this particular dessert.

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