scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and its single traits as risk factors for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markolf Hanefeld ◽  
Avraham Karasik ◽  
Carsta Koehler ◽  
Torsten Westermeier ◽  
Jean-Louis Chiasson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals MODERN VIEWS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
O. O. Tolstikova ◽  
S. F. Aharkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing serious health risk in adults, children and adolescents. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranges from 6 to 39 % depending on the criteria used. Multiple data have shown that MS is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular disorders and a 1.5-fold increase in all cause mortality. To date, there is no single definition regarding MS for children and adolescents. However, most authors agree with the components needed to diagnose such as central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (or diabetes), hypertension, and dyslipidemia; each of which presents a serious risk of cardiovascular disease. Overweight and obesity are often seen in children and adolescents in the developed and developing countries with a prevalence of 20–35 %. A number of authors have emphasized the need for a modern adapted definition of MS in children and adolescents. For this purpose, it is necessary to take into account age and sex-dependent anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Recently, a link has been established between metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as hyperuricemia and sleep disorders. According to current data, NAFLD and MS are closely related, so NAFLD is described as a manifestation of MS in the liver, with insulin resistance being the driving force of pathogenesis. A recent study found that 66 % of children with NAFLD confirmed by biopsy had MS, 63 % had hypertriglyceridemia, 45 % had low HDL cholesterol, 40 % had hypertension, and 10 % had impaired glucose tolerance. The correlation between levels of serum uric acid, MS and some of its components in children and adolescents is described. Hyperuricemia triggers endothelial dysfunction via vasodilation caused by insulin action. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with MS in children and adolescents and is described as one of the components of MS. In 59 % of children with obstructive sleep apnea, signs of metabolic syndrome are noted. Biomarkers, such as adipocytokines, have been the subject of current research as they are implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. Recently, several adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines have been identified that have significant positive (leptin, hemerin, vaspine, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8) or Negative (adiponectin) associations with metabolic risk factors. Some may be considered pathophysiological factors that link obesity and its complications, such as insulin resistance and NAFLD. Epigenetics and gestational programming are important issues in addressing MS in children and adolescents. The role of micro-RNA in the diagnosis, stratification and therapy of MS is increasing. Early identification of risk factors, screening for metabolic disorders and the identification of new treatments are the primary goals of reducing morbidity and mortality. Currently, officially accepted approaches to treating children and adolescents with MS are dietary changes and physical activity. Pharmacological therapy and the use of bariatric (metabolic) surgery is a topic of discussion and is recommended for adolescents in some cases of high-risk MS.

Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martinez ◽  
Gonzalo Allo ◽  
Ana Fernandez ◽  
Mercedes Aramendi ◽  
Carlos Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Cruz ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Terry T.-K. Huang ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8–13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance was 62, 67, 26, 22, 4, and 27%, respectively. The presence of zero, one, two, or three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 9, 22, 38, and 30%, respectively. After controlling for body composition, insulin sensitivity was positively related to HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and negatively related to triglycerides (P < 0.001) and systolic (P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the number of features of the metabolic syndrome increased. In conclusion, overweight Hispanic youth with a family history for type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of chronic disease in this at-risk population.

Abstract P339: Association Between Cardiometabolic Syndrome And Cancer: Systematic Review

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Saxena ◽  
Muni Rubens ◽  
Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy ◽  
Sankalp Das ◽  
Chintan B Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Cardiometabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of metabolic dysfunctions such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, and hypertension. According to the latest estimates, globally, nearly 25% of all adults have cardiometabolic syndrome. Both cardiometabolic syndrome and cancer pathophysiology commonly involve inflammation and oxidative stress. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate existing evidences that support the association between cardiometabolic syndrome and risk of developing cancer. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus for relevant articles published from the database inception until October 2019. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for this review. Using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines individual studies were evaluated. A total of 59 articles were included in this study. Results: Our review showed that cardiometabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk for colorectal, hepatic, endometrial, breast, and bladder cancers. These associations showed variations for sex and geographical locations. For example, the associations were stronger for pancreatic and rectal cancers among women. The strength of these associations was also stronger for sex specific cancers such as breast and endometrial cancers. Studies on European populations showed that these associations were stronger for colorectal cancer among women. However, one study showed that presence of cardiometabolic syndrome contributed protective effects to prostate cancer among American men. In general, strongest associations were found for colorectal cancer among both men and women and hepatic cancer among men. Among cardiometabolic factors, impaired glucose tolerance and central adiposity were the greatest contributors towards increased risk for cancers. Conclusion: Given these results, there should be greater focus on primary prevention to identify and treat cardiometabolic risk factors. In addition, patients with greater cardiometabolic risk factors should be screened earlier and more frequently for cancers. A number of gender and geographical gaps identified in this review could be targeted for improvements as per the goals of 2030 sustainable development initiatives. Future studies should consider cardiometabolic syndrome and cancer together and develop effective interventions for decreasing the incidence and morbidity associated with both the conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-876
Author(s):  
Anne K Eriksen ◽  
Carl Brunius ◽  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Per M Hellström ◽  
Ulf Risérus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background A whole-grain (WG)–rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. Objectives The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. Methods Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4–8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. Results The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (−0.06 and −0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Conclusions WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.

scholarly journals Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics and Aetiology of Asymptomatic Raised Alanine Aminotransferase in Newly Detected Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Nowshad Ali ◽  
Mostafa Nur Mohsin ◽  
Md Shah Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: Clinical evaluation and identification of aetiology of asymptomatic raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in newly detected adult diabetic and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, newly detected adult diabetic and IGT patients having asymptomatic raised serum ALT level of > 1.5 times of upper limit of normal were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests.Results: Total number of patients was 120, which was 3.1% of all newly registered diabetic and IGT patients over the study period. Male were 74 and female 46. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was found in 93.3% cases and IGT in 6.7%. Mean age was 43.1 years, mean body weight was 64.5 kg and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m2. Central (abdominal) obesity was found in 61.5% cases. Increased waist hip ratio was found in 86.3% cases. Hypertension and hepatomegaly were present in 35% and 5.8% cases respectively. Dyslipidaemia was found in 98.3% cases and 45% patients fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome. Regarding etiology, 76.7% cases had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 8.3% had HBsAg sero-positivity, 4.2% had anti-HCV seropositivity and 3.3% had both NAFLD and HBsAg seropositivity. In 7.5% cases no cause was found. Raised serum ALT level had a significant correlation with metabolic syndrome (p= 0.016) and increasing age (p= 0.008).Conclusion: Elevation of serum ALT is common in DM and IGT. NAFLD is the commonest cause followed by hepatitis B and C virus infection.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 70-74

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