Metabolic syndrome in the Philippine general population: prevalence and risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante D Morales ◽  
Felix Eduardo R Punzalan ◽  
Elizabeth Paz-Pacheco ◽  
Rody G Sy ◽  
Charmaine A Duante
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Prevalence

scholarly journals 459 Evaluation of LDL-C reductions by siRNA treatment with inclisiran in patients with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome or neither

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Wright ◽  
David Kallend ◽  
Kausik K Ray ◽  
Lawrence Leiter ◽  
Wolfgang Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sirna Treatment ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Aims Patients with diabetes (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) have elevated risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Aggressive LDL-C lowering reduces risks. Inclisiran, a new siRNA, lowers LDL-C and was evaluated in patients with Type 2 diabetes (DM), metabolic syndrome (MS) without DM or neither (N) in the ORION-10 trial. Methods ORION-10 was a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating inclisiran in 1561 patients with ASCVD on maximally tolerated therapy for lowering LDL-C. 781 inclisiran (INC) participants and 780 placebo (P) patients received 1.5 mL SQ tx at Days 1, 90, then every 6 months until Day 540. We evaluated the time adjusted change in LDL-C from baseline after Days 90–540 in DM (n = 702), MS (n = 455) and N participants (n = 404). Results There were no differences in baseline demographics and background therapies between INC and P. Statins were utilized in 89.8% INC and 88.7% of P. High intensity statins were utilized in 67.2% of INC and 68.8% of P; ezetimibe in 10.2% of NC and 9.5% of P participants. INC reduced LDL-C by − 54.4% (−58.3, −50.6 95% CI) in DM, (P < 0.001), −58.6% (−62.3, −54.8), P < 0.001 in-MS and −56.0% (−60.2, −51.7), in N subjects P < 0.001 (see Figure). Conclusions Inclisiran potently and durably reduces LDL-C across patients with DM, MS and those with neither, demonstrating potent efficacy and durability across glycaemic categories. Inclisiran may also represent a potent LDL-C lowering treatment for those with DM and MS.

Association between Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ta Huang ◽  
Chi-Yu Lee ◽  
Heng-You Sung ◽  
Shu-Jung Liu ◽  
Po-Chih Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to various infections. Objective We estimated the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) among individuals with DM compared to individuals in the general population. Data Sources We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PerioPath databases from their inception to January 30, 2021 for studies on the risk of HZ in individuals with DM. Study Selection Two authors independently screened all articles identified. Data Extraction The same two authors independently extracted the data. Four case-control studies and 12 cohort studies were included. Data Synthesis Meta-analyses were performed using fixed and mixed-effects models. In the pooled analysis, individuals with DM had a higher risk of developing HZ (pooled relative risk: 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.57) than individuals in the general population. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses stratified by type of diabetes, age, and study design. In individuals with DM, cardiovascular disease had an additive effect on increasing the risk of HZ (pooled relative risk: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.28). There was a linear dose-response association between age and the risk of HZ in individuals with DM. Conclusion Individuals with DM have an increased risk of HZ compared to the general population. Varicella vaccination should be provided to individuals with DM regardless of their age, prioritizing older adults and those with cardiovascular disease. Varicella vaccination policies for individuals with DM should be updated based on the evidence.

Abstract 5276: Sumoylation Of Klf5 Is A Molecular Switch Regulating Ppar-δ-containing Transcriptional Programs Of Lipid Metabolism

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Oishi ◽  
Ichiro Manabe ◽  
Kazuyuki Tobe ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki ◽  
Ryozo Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Molecular Switch ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Reporter Assays

Metabolic syndrome is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown that a zinc finger transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, KLF5 is also expressed in metabolic tissues, such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, we found that KLF5 is crucial for adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, it is very likely that KLF5 plays multiple roles in development and progression of metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular and metabolic consequences including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Indeed, KLF5 heterozygous knockout ( KLF5 +/− ) mice were resistant to high-fat-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, despite consuming more food than wild-type mice. This appears to in part reflect their enhanced energy expenditure. Expression of the genes involved in lipid oxidation and energy uncoupling, including uncoupling protein (UCP) and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1b (CPT1b) was upregulated in the soleus muscles of KLF5 +/− mice. KLF5 could be reversibly modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1), after which SUMOylated KLF5 strongly inhibited CPT1b , UCP3 and UCP2 promoter activity. Results of chromatin immunoprecipitation, two-hybrid, and reporter assays showed that under basal conditions SUMOylated KLF5 associated with transcriptionally repressive regulatory complexes containing unliganded PPARδ and corepressors. However, upon agonist stimulation of PPARδ, the deSUMOylating enzyme was recruited and KLF5 was deSUMOylated. The unSUMOylated KLF5 now formed transactivating complexes with liganded PPARδ and CBP. Thus, SUMOylation appears to be a molecular switch affecting function of KLF5 and the transcriptional regulatory programs governing lipid metabolism. Moreover, KLF5 is essential for the PPARδ agonist-dependent transcriptional control. Results of the present study have established KLF5 as a novel key molecule in lipid metabolism and suggest that the posttranscriptional modification of KLF5 is an attractive novel therapeutic target for both metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Obesity in obstetric and gynaecological practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder Sahota ◽  
Tahir Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Health And Well Being

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. It affects all aspects of an individual’s life: physical, social, emotional, and psychological. Although it is largely preventable, obesity is now a major public health issue and has a significant impact on the health and well-being of an individual throughout their lifespan. Obesity is associated with multiple adverse outcomes not only during the reproductive phase of a woman’s life but during the post-reproductive era as well. Obesity also increases risks for non-obstetrical and gynaecological illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and non-gynaecological cancers. Obesity thus is a cause of major societal economic burden.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 4033-4050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F Hiemstra ◽  
Kenneth Lim ◽  
Ravi Thadhani ◽  
JoAnn E Manson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Context A large body of experimental and observational data has implicated vitamin D deficiency in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence to support routine vitamin D supplementation to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease is lacking. Design and Results A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and other literature search engines. Mounting epidemiological evidence and data from Mendelian randomization studies support a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, but randomized trial evidence to support vitamin D supplementation is sparse. Current public health guidelines restrict vitamin D intake recommendations to the maintenance of bone health and prevention of fractures. Two recently published large trials (VITAL and ViDA) that assessed the role of moderate- to high-dose vitamin D supplementation as primary prevention for cardiovascular outcomes in the general population had null results, and previous randomized trials have also been generally negative. These findings from general population cohorts that are largely replete in vitamin D may not be applicable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations, in which the use of active (1α-hydroxylated) vitamin D compounds is prevalent, or to other high-risk populations. Additionally, recent trials in the CKD population, as well as trials using vitamin D analogs, have been limited. Conclusions Current randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation do not support benefits for cardiovascular health, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Additional randomized trials assessing larger numbers of participants with low baseline vitamin D levels, having longer follow-up periods, and testing higher vitamin D dosages are needed to guide clinical practice.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a post hoc analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Subodh Verma ◽  
David Fitchett ◽  
Anne Pernille Ofstad ◽  
Sabine Lauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Trial

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at greater cardiovascular risk than those with T2D without MetS. In the current report we aim to study the characteristics, cardio-renal outcomes and the effect of empagliflozin in patients with MetS enrolled in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Methods A total of 7020 patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were treated with empagliflozin (10 mg or 25 mg) or placebo for a median of 3.1 years. The World Health Organization MetS criteria could be determined for 6985 (99.5%) patients. We assessed the association between baseline MetS and multiple cardio-renal endpoints using Cox regression models, and we studied the change in the individual component over time of the MetS using mixed effect models. Results MetS at baseline was present in 5740 (82%) patients; these were more often white and had more often albuminuria and heart failure, had lower eGFR and HDL-cholesterol, and higher blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides. In the placebo group, patients with MetS had a higher risk of all outcomes including cardiovascular death: HR = 1.73 (95% CI 1.01–2.98), heart failure hospitalization: HR = 2.64 (95% CI 1.22, 5.72), and new or worsening nephropathy: HR = 3.11 (95% CI 2.17–4.46). The beneficial effect of empagliflozin was consistent on all cardio-renal outcomes regardless of presence of MetS. Conclusions A large proportion of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME population fulfills the criteria for MetS. Those with MetS had increased risk of adverse cardio-renal outcomes. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin improved cardio-renal outcomes in patients with and without MetS. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 01131676

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