scholarly journals Extremely-high vacuum system for the pressure measurement using the laser-ionization method.

Shinku ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohide KOKUBUN ◽  
Hazime SHIMIZU ◽  
Shingo ICHIMURA ◽  
Humio KAWAHARA ◽  
Minoru KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Ionization Method

Preliminary Results of Vacuum Pressure Measurement by Laser Ionization Method

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (Part 2, No. 5) ◽  
pp. L573-L575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Ichimura ◽  
Kiyohide Kokubun ◽  
Hazime Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ionization Method

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

The design and study of a compact bakeable ultra-high vacuum system for calibrating absolutely low pressure gauges

Vacuum ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Close ◽  
R.S. Vaughan-Watkins ◽  
J Yarwood
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System

scholarly journals Device for calibration of low pressure gauges development

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Z.D. Nikitovic
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Molecular Collision ◽  
Gas Discharges ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Vacuum Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

Vacuum system set-up is presented and used for calibration of pressure gauges in the region of rough vacuum, from 103 mbar to 10-1 mbar, with dry air. The capacitance manometer is used for the calibration of piezoresistant manometer, oil, mercury and mercury micrometers U manometers. The applicability of the experimental set-up and obtained results for the low pressure gauges calibration in the medium and high vacuum region is approved. It was shown how calibration of some cheaper pressure gauges might be performed and reliable measurements of the pressure may be made in the region that is of interest for atomic and molecular collision physics and low-pressure gas discharges. It was also shown that mentioned calibration procedure could be used for calibration of different U manometer types in order to renormalize older atomic and molecular collision data.

scholarly journals Why Pressure Scales Cause So Much Confusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Buonaquisti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Scanning Auger Microprobe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pressure scales can be extremely confusing to new operators. This is not surprising. To my mind, there are three primary areas of confusion.Firstly, the pressure of gas inside an instrument changes over many orders of magnitude during pumpdown. The change is about 9 orders of magnitude for a traditional Scanning Electron Microscope and about 13 orders of magnitude for an ultra-high vacuum instrument such as a Scanning Auger Microprobe.To give an idea about the scale of change involved in vacuum, consider that the change in going from ambient pressure to that inside a typical ultra high vacuum system is like comparing one meter with the mean radius of the planet Pluto's orbit. The fact is that we don't often get to play with things on that scale. As a consequence, many of us have to keep reminding ourselves that 1 X 10-3 is one thousand times the value of 1 X 10-6 - not twice the value.

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