scholarly journals Istraživanje požarne sigurnosti spremnika nafte i derivata u Republici Hrvatskoj

Sigurnost ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-321
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Regent
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Foam

SAŽETAK: Odjeljak Gašenje požara i hlađenje nadzemnih spremnika hrvatskog Pravilnika o zapaljivim tekućinama (PZT) u neskladu je s europskim i američkim normama i preporukama koje se odnose na ovo područje zaštite od požara. PZT objavljen je još 1999. godine, no ni u trenutku objavljivanja nije bio u skladu s tada u svijetu postojećim preporukama i dobrom tehničkom praksom. U međuvremenu su korištenjem zahtjeva iz PZT-a izrađeni mnogi projekti i izgrađeni sustavi vatrozaštite spremnika nafte i derivata kako u RH, tako i u susjednim zemljama, mahom nastalima raspadom SFRJ. Vrijednost takvih sustava i njihova očekivana učinkovitost u slučaju buknuća požara je upitna. U radu su prikazane bitne razlike između PZT-a te europske i hrvatske norme Stabilni protupožarni sustavi - Sustavi s pjenom - 2. dio: Projektiranje, izvedba i održavanje, kao i neke razlike u odnosu na odgovarajuću američku normu Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam. NFPA 11 je od 1922. doživjela više od 20 izdanja i od tada se uobičajeno koristila kao osnova za izradu odgovarajućih normi u cijelome svijetu. Glede zahtjeva za gašenje i hlađenje nadzemnih spremnika, konzultirani su relevantni i u svijetu priznati standardi API, kao i relevantne europske publikacije i preporuke. Odjeljak Gašenje požara i hlađenje nadzemnih spremnika hrvatskog PZT-a je pogrešno koncipiran, sadrži zahtjeve za sustave pjene koji su nedovoljno precizni ili čak pogrešni, te prenaglašava zahtjeve za hlađenjem vodom. Predlaže se njegovo povlačenje i zamjena s normama HRN EN 13565-2:2009 i HRS CEN/TS 14816:2018 Stabilni protupožarni sustavi – Sustavi raspršene vode – Projektiranje, ugradnja i održavanje. Ujedno se predlaže revizija projekata svih izvedenih sustava za gašenje požara pjenom i hlađenje nadzemnih spremnika zapaljivih tekućina napravljenih prema PZT-u, jer izvedeno stanje u mnogim slučajevima ne jamči dovoljnu razinu zaštite u slučaju požara. Uz to bi bilo uputno provjeriti dimenzije sabirnih prostora, koji su uglavnom predviđeni samo za prihvat sadržaja spremnika, bez uzimanja u obzir volumena rashladne i oborinske vode kao i vatrogasne pjene.

Developing a CFD heat transfer model for applying high expansion foam in an LNG spill

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 104456
Author(s):  
Zhuoran Zhang ◽  
Pratik Krishnan ◽  
Zeren Jiao ◽  
M. Sam Mannan ◽  
Qingsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Expansion Foam

Study of key properties of expansion foam for process safety incident mitigation using an improved foam generator

2021 ◽  
pp. 104661
Author(s):  
Yingchun Liu ◽  
Mingju Jing ◽  
Rongcen Xu ◽  
Xiaoyang Luan ◽  
Juncheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Safety ◽  
Safety Incident ◽  
Expansion Foam ◽  
Foam Generator

Drift Comparisons of Low-Expansion Foams and Conventional Sprays

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Bouse ◽  
R. E. Leerskov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Expansion Foam

Experiments were conducted to compare the drift of low-expansion foam and conventional sprays in a low-speed horizontal wind tunnel under controlled environmental conditions. Dimensions of the tunnel were 1.30 m high, 0.61 m wide, and 7.32 m long. Wind speed was maintained at 1.52 m/sec. Drift was compared for spray solutions, with and without foam adjuvants, using several different types and sizes of air-inducting nozzles and three sizes of conventional fan nozzles. Large drops produced by the air-inducting nozzles, with and without foam adjuvant, resulted in significantly less drift beyond 1.83 and 6.10 m than sprays from the conventional fan nozzles. The addition of foam adjuvant to the spray solution resulted in increased drift beyond 1.83 m for sprays from the air-induction nozzles in several comparisons but did not result in a significant increase in the drift beyond 6.10 m.

scholarly journals High-Expansion Foam for Fire-Fighting.

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Minoru UMEZU
Keyword(s):  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Expansion Foam

scholarly journals Fire extinguishing in with polydisperse foam of high multiplicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Artem Melnikov ◽  
Nikolay Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Multiplicity ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Structural Rigidity ◽  
Expansion Foam

Risk of fire and smoke dangers are greater in high-rise rather than low-rise buildings. Use of high expansion foam delivered through elevator shafts can prevent or reduce smoke and fire damage and injury in high-rise buildings. Injection of foam with high multiplicity due to structural rigidity can accumulate between floors of buildings to prevent the spread of flame and smoke. Reaching an area of high-intensity flame, this foam is destroyed, resulting in the absorption of energy from the upward flow of products of combustion.

MAIN PARAMETERS OF EXTINGUISHING OF THE OIL FLAME BY LOW EXPANSION FOAM

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
D. A. KOROL’CHENKO ◽  
◽  
A. F. SHAROVARNIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Foam
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