An Efficient Structural Analysis of Super Tall Mega Frame Buildings Using a Multi-level Condensation Method

Территориально-структурные проблемы эффективности использования природоохранных инвестиций в регионах страны недостаточно исследованы с научно-практической стороны. Об этом свидетельствуют экологические последствия и размеры экологического ущерба в результате аварий в 2020 году на Норильской ТЭЦ, химических предприятиях «Усольехимпром» (Иркутская область), «Башкирский содовый комбинат» (Республика Башкортостан). В статье предлагается методика территориально-структурного анализа природоохранных инвестиций и затрат региональных разноуровневых систем (городские агломерации, города, территориальные промышленные системы, муниципальные образования и др.). Предлагается типологизация региональных разноуровневых систем по совокупности экологических признаков. Предложены экономико-географические показатели эффективности природоохранных мер и затрат региональных разноуровневых систем. В качестве примера дан территориально-структурный анализа природоохранных инвестиций и затрат городских агломераций Башкирии и территориальных промышленных систем Башкирского Зауралья. The territorial and structural problems of the effectiveness of the use of environmental investments in the regions of the country are not sufficiently studied from the scientific and practical side. This is evidenced by the environmental consequences and the extent of environmental damage as a result of accidents in 2020 at the Norilsk Thermal Power Plant, chemical enterprises Usolekhimprom (Irkutsk region), Bashkir Soda Plant (Republic of Bashkortostan). The article proposes a methodology for territorial-structural analysis of environmental investments and costs of regional multi-level systems (urban agglomerations, cities, territorial industrial systems, municipalities, etc.). The typology of regional multi-level systems according to a set of environmental characteristics is proposed. Economic and geographical indicators of the effectiveness of environmental protection measures and the costs of regional multi-level systems are proposed. As an example, a territorial-structural analysis of environmental investments and costs of urban agglomerations of Bashkiria and territorial industrial systems of the Bashkir Trans-Urals is given.

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Structural analysis of the surface-layer protein of spirillum serpens by high-resolution electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077268 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 738-739

Author(s):

W. H. Wu ◽

R. M. Glaeser

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

High Resolution ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Surface Layer Protein ◽

Morphological Unit ◽

Resolution Electron

Spirillum serpens possesses a surface layer protein which exhibits a regular hexagonal packing of the morphological subunits. A morphological model of the structure of the protein has been proposed at a resolution of about 25 Å, in which the morphological unit might be described as having the appearance of a flared-out, hollow cylinder with six ÅspokesÅ at the flared end. In order to understand the detailed association of the macromolecules, it is necessary to do a high resolution structural analysis. Large, single layered arrays of the surface layer protein have been obtained for this purpose by means of extensive heating in high CaCl2, a procedure derived from that of Buckmire and Murray. Low dose, low temperature electron microscopy has been applied to the large arrays.As a first step, the samples were negatively stained with neutralized phosphotungstic acid, and the specimens were imaged at 40,000 magnification by use of a high resolution cold stage on a JE0L 100B. Low dose images were recorded with exposures of 7-9 electrons/Å2. The micrographs obtained (Fig. 1) were examined by use of optical diffraction (Fig. 2) to tell what areas were especially well ordered.

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RNA polymerase: Preparation and structural analysis of helical polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011091x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 152-153

Author(s):

E. Loren Buhle ◽

Pamela Rew ◽

Ueli Aebi

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Rna Polymerase ◽

Molecular Level ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Helical Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

E Coli ◽

The Past ◽

Ordered Arrays ◽

Low Ionic Strength

While DNA-dependent RNA polymerase represents one of the key enzymes involved in transcription and ultimately in gene expression in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, little progress has been made towards elucidation of its 3-D structure at the molecular level over the past few years. This is mainly because to date no 3-D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained with this rather large (MW ~500 kd) multi-subunit (α2ββ'ζ). As an alternative, we have been trying to form ordered arrays of RNA polymerase from E. coli suitable for structural analysis in the electron microscope combined with image processing. Here we report about helical polymers induced from holoenzyme (α2ββ'ζ) at low ionic strength with 5-7 mM MnCl2 (see Fig. 1a). The presence of the ζ-subunit (MW 86 kd) is required to form these polymers, since the core enzyme (α2ββ') does fail to assemble into such structures under these conditions.

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