scholarly journals Dealing with the Experimenter Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709
Author(s):  
Dick Bierman ◽  
Jacob J. Jolij
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Experimenter Effect ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Experimenter Effects ◽  
Psychological Experiments

Methods in experimental science assume objective facts, and those effects are generally independent of the observer or experimenter. This objectivity assumption is not warranted in the field of human studies. Results of psychological experiments tend to be dependent on among other things the expectations of the experimenter. The experimenter effect togther with the replication crisis in social psychology are major issues in experimental parapsychology. We use Houtkooper's Hierarchical Observational Theory to look at a model for dealing with this issue, and conclude that multiple-experimenter projects might be able to sort out experimenter effects from intrinisic effects. Keywords: experimenter effect; replication crisis; psi; parapsychology

Effect of Power on Moral Judgment

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Russell Hamby
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
High Power ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Experimenter Effects

Ambiguous effects of power on attributions of moral responsibility for an accident are interpreted to result from the intervening effects of need for power, which is aroused by the anticipation of exercising power over another. 160 subjects from introductory social psychology classes participated in a questionnaire-type experiment comparing effects of high/low carelessness, severe/minor consequences, and high/low power of the attributor in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. In a follow-up experiment 30 subjects were assigned to conditions of high or low power, and their needs for power and moral attributions were measured. High power seemed to arouse need for power, which was curvilinearly related to moral judgments. Those high and low in need for power attributed more moral responsibility to the perpetrator of an accident than those with moderate levels of need for power. The results suggest complicated models of both moral judgments and experimenter effects related to the level or arousal of motivations.

scholarly journals Editorial Essay: The Tumult over Transparency: Decoupling Transparency from Replication in Establishing Trustworthy Qualitative Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Pratt ◽  
Sarah Kaplan ◽  
Richard Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Experimental Social Psychology ◽  
Research Management ◽  
The Core ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Editorial Essay

Management journals are currently responding to challenges raised by the “replication crisis” in experimental social psychology, leading to new standards for transparency. These approaches are spilling over to qualitative research in unhelpful and potentially even dangerous ways. Advocates for transparency in qualitative research mistakenly couple it with replication. Tying transparency tightly to replication is deeply troublesome for qualitative research, where replication misses the point of what the work seeks to accomplish. We suggest that transparency advocates conflate replication with trustworthiness. We challenge this conflation on both ontological and methodological grounds, and we offer alternatives for how to (and how not to) think about trustworthiness in qualitative research. Management journals need to tackle the core issues raised by this tumult over transparency by identifying solutions for enhanced trustworthiness that recognize the unique strengths and considerations of different methodological approaches in our field.

scholarly journals The past, present, and future of ego depletion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Inzlicht ◽  
Malte Friese
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Mere Existence

At the center of social psychology just a few years ago, ego depletion is now widely seen as a controversial topic, one of the chief victims of the replication crisis. Despite over 600 studies of apparent support, many are now asking if ego depletion is even real. Here, we comment on the articles included in this Special Issue: Ego Depletion. Specifically, we delineate the contributions and limitations of these articles by embedding them in a brief history of ego depletion, describing the current state of uncertainty about ego depletion’s scientific status, and outlining necessary steps for the study of ego depletion to have a healthy future. To us, the most troubling aspect of this controversy is not what is suggests about ego depletion; but what it suggests about social psychology more broadly. If the mere existence of ego depletion is seriously doubted by many, what can be confidently regarded as real in social psychology? By increasing the precision of our theories, continuously validating our manipulations and measures, and practicing the full suite of open science practices we have the potential to identify legitimate and robust effects and build a cumulative and trustworthy psychological science.

Laboratory Experiments in Marketing: The Experimenter Effect

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Social Psychology ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Experimenter Bias ◽  
Experimenter Effect ◽  
Research Findings

Research findings in the experimental social psychology area indicate the phenomenon of the experimenter effect. Major research findings are reviewed, and implications for laboratory experiments in marketing are considered. Some measures are also suggested to reduce experimenter bias.

scholarly journals “After the Discussion, I am Even More Confident in My Point of View”: An Overview of Studies of Group Polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
A. Nevryuev ◽  
M. Gagarina
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group Polarization ◽  
Psychological Experiments

The polarization of the population in Russia is reflected in the psychological state of society. The article deals with the phenomenon of “group polarization”. First, we define the phenomenon formulated in the framework of social psychology. Next, we presented the main theories that explain the mechanism of action of this phenomenon. Further, we considered in more detail psychological experiments aimed to study group polarization empirically. Separately, we considered studies that also established the features of group polarization, but were carried out in related social sciences. The examples of recent events that took place in Russia illustrate the process of group polarization in modern society in the period from 2014 to 2020. Based on the described studies, we formulated the need for a more detailed empirical analysis of this phenomenon in the current conditions of society in Russia. Finally, we outlined the main ways related to the study of the connection between group polarization and the psychological state of society and people’s behaviour.

scholarly journals The statistical crisis in science: How is it relevant to clinical neuropsychology?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
andrew gelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Good Scientific Practice ◽  
Replication Crisis

There is currently a statistical (and replication) crisis in science. Social psychology has been at the heart of this crisis, but the lessons learned are relevant for other fields. We discuss three examples of replication challenges and some proposed solutions, and then consider the applicability of these ideas to clinical neuropsychology. In addition to procedural developments such as preregistration and open data and criticism, we recommend that data be collected and analyzed with more recognition that each new study is a part of a learning process. The goal of improving neuropsychological assessment, care, and cure is too important to not take good scientific practice seriously.

scholarly journals The Past, Present, and Future of Ego Depletion

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Inzlicht ◽  
Malte Friese
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Mere Existence

Abstract. At the center of social psychology just a few years ago, ego depletion is now widely seen as a controversial topic, one of the chief victims of the replication crisis. Despite over 600 studies of apparent support, many are now asking if ego depletion is even real. Here, we comment on the articles included in this Special Issue: Ego Depletion and Self-Control: Conceptual and Empirical Advances. Specifically, we delineate the contributions and limitations of these articles by embedding them in a brief history of ego depletion, describing the current state of uncertainty about ego depletion’s scientific status, and outlining necessary steps for the study of ego depletion to have a healthy future. To us, the most troubling aspect of this controversy is not what it suggests about ego depletion, but what it suggests about social psychology more broadly. If the mere existence of ego depletion is seriously doubted by many, what can be confidently regarded as real in social psychology? By increasing the precision of our theories, continuously validating our manipulations and measures, and practicing the full suite of open science practices, we have the potential to identify legitimate and robust effects and build a cumulative and trustworthy psychological science.

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