scholarly journals What voiced obstruents symbolically represent in Japanese: evidence from the Pokémon universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Shigeto Kawahara ◽  
Gakuji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
General Issue ◽  
First Time

Abstract Kawahara, Noto, and Kumagai (2018b) found that within the corpus of existing Pokémon names, the number of voiced obstruents in the characters’ names correlates positively with their weight, height, evolution levels and attack values. While later experimental studies to some extent confirmed the productivity of these sound symbolic relationships (e.g. Kawahara and Kumagai 2019a), they are limited, due to the fact that the visual images presented to the participants primarily differed with regard to evolution levels. The current experiments thus for the first time directly explored how each of these semantic dimensions—weight, height, evolution levels, and attack values—correlates with the number of voiced obstruents in nonce names. The results of two judgment experiments show that all of these parameters indeed correlate positively with the number of voiced obstruents in the names. Overall, the results show that a particular class of sounds—in our case, a set of voiced obstruents—can signal different semantic meanings within a single language, supporting the pluripotentiality of sound symbolism (Winter, Pérez-Sobrino, and Brown 2019). We also address another general issue that has been under-explored in the literature on sound symbolism; namely, its cumulative nature. In both of the experiments, we observe that two voiced obstruents evoke stronger images than one voiced obstruent, instantiating what is known as the counting cumulativity effect (Jäger and Rosenbach 2006).

scholarly journals Introduction to the first general issue of 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Collier ◽  
James H. Lambert ◽  
Igor Linkov
Keyword(s):  
General Issue

Is Incest Harmful?

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Temporary Suspension ◽  
Probable Outcome ◽  
Psychological Impairment

Classically, incest has been considered from both a psychological and sociological point of view to have harmful consequences. Genetic research, though by no means lacking controversy of its own, generally supports the notion that inbreeding has untoward genetic consequences. The psychodynamics of all three parties to father-daughter incest seem to indicate that people who become involved in incestuous behaviour are often psychologically damaged before the fact, so that if they show subsequent evidence of psychological impairment the incestuous behaviour can be as plausibly viewed as a dysfunctional attempt at solving problems as it can a cause of subsequent psychopathology. Girls involved in the father-daughter incest present in one of half a dozen frequent clinical syndromes. The presentation is influenced by the degree to which the girl may have participated in ongoing incestuous behaviour as opposed to being the presumed victim of an older adult's coercive actions or her own temporary suspension of a behavioural taboo. Research is inconclusive as to the psychological harmfulness of incestuous behaviour, and evidence is reviewed on both sides of this complicated and controversial question. Quite apart from the general issue of the harmful-ness of incest, a number of indicators can be derived from the nature of the incestuous episode and the early response to therapeutic assessment which aid in the clinical forecasting of probable outcome.

scholarly journals Credible threats and promises

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1427) ◽  
pp. 1607-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. McNamara ◽  
Alasdair I. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Credible Threat

We consider various implications of information about the other player in two–player evolutionary games. A simple model of desertion shows that information about the partner's behaviour can be disadvantageous, and highlights the idea of credible threats. We then discuss the general issue of whether the partner can convince the focal player that it will behave in a specific way, i.e. whether the focal player can make credible threats or promises. We show that when desertion decisions depend on reserves, a player can manipulate its reserves so as to create a credible threat of desertion. We then extend previous work on the evolution of trust and commitment, discussing conditions under which it is advantageous to assume that a partner will behave in a certain way even though it is not in its best interest.

SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS AND GENERAL (ISSUE 4)

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Martha E. Williams ◽  
Ellen Sutton ◽  
Brett Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
General Issue

scholarly journals Habitability of galaxies and the application of merger trees in astrobiology

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
N. Stojkovic ◽  
B. Vukotic ◽  
M.M. Cirkovic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
New Era ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Habitable Zones

Galaxies represent the main form of organization of matter in our universe. Therefore, they are of obvious interest for the new multidisciplinary field of astrobiology. In particular, to study habitability of galaxies represents one of the main emerging challenges of theoretical and numerical astrobiology. Its theoretical underpinnings are, however, often confused and vague. Here we present a systematic attempt to list and categorize major causal factors playing a role in emergent habitability of galaxies. Furthermore, we argue that the methodology of cosmological merger trees is particularly useful in delineating what are systematic and lawful astrobiological properties of galaxies at present epoch vs. those which are product of historical contingency and, in particular, interaction with wider extragalactic environment. Employing merger trees extracted from cosmological N-body simulations as a new and promising research method for astrobiology has been pioneered by Stanway et al. (2018). We analyse the general issue of applicability of merger trees and present preliminary results on a set of trees extracted from the Illustris Project. In a sense, this approach is directly complementary to using large-scale cosmological simulations to study habitable zones of individual galaxies with high mass/spatial resolution; taken together, they usher a new era of synergy and synthesis between cosmology and astrobiology.

General Issue 2015

Angelaki ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Salah el Moncef bin Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
General Issue
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