scholarly journals O standardach oceny kandydatów do pełnienia urzędu sędziego przez Krajową Radę Sądownictwa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5(160) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Oktawian Nawrot ◽  
Valeri Vachev
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
National Council ◽  
Methodological Standard ◽  
The Republic

Consideration and evaluation of candidates for the office of judge, and then presentation to the President of the Republic of Poland of applications for the appointment of judges are among the most important competences of the National Council of the Judiciary. The standard of this assessment has essentially been set by constitutional standards and the provisions of the Act on the National Council of the Judiciary. According to these standards and provisions, the assessment should be based on transparent, uniform and fair selection criteria. Consequently, the assessment carried out by the National Council of the Judiciary should meet a specific methodological standard. The aim of the study is to define a constitutional and statutory methodological standard for the assessment of candidates for the office of judge by the National Council of the Judiciary.

Dismantling Checks and Balances (II): Judges and Prosecutors

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-131
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sadurski
Keyword(s):  
Judicial System ◽  
National Council ◽  
Public Prosecution ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Common ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

After transforming the Constitutional Tribunal (CT) into an active ally of the government, the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS)) party in Poland embarked upon the comprehensive subjection of the entire judicial system to the executive, and in particular to the president of the Republic and the minister of justice/prosecutor general (MJ/PG). This chapter discusses how, for this purpose, the National Council of Judiciary (Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (KRS)) was packed with the party faithful thanks to a changed system for selecting members of the KRS (they are now directly elected by Parliament, rather than by judges). It also deals with how the effect of the new law on the Supreme Court was a brand new court composition with a pro-PiS majority: this was created by combining early retirement for incumbent judges and increasing the number of seats on the Court. The chief justice’s constitutionally guaranteed term of office has been extinguished. It also looks at another statute, on the common courts, that has strengthened the power of the MJ to control court presidents, and hold judges accountable for their verdicts through a new disciplinary procedure. Finally, the chapter looks at how the prosecutorial system (prokuratura) was merged with that of the MJ, with the MJ becoming the ex officio PG, producing a deeply politicized system of public prosecution.

scholarly journals W kręgu badań nad dziejami emigracyjnego parlamentaryzmu Recenzja publikacji: Depozyt Niepodległości. Rada Narodowa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie (1939–1991), red. Zbigniew Girzyński, Paweł Ziętara

2020 ◽  
Vol 5(160) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Paweł Gotowiecki
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Council ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Post War

The reviewed publication contains post-conference materials, presented during the conference held in 2016 in Warsaw, entitled “The Deposit of Independence. National Council of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939–1991)”. The volume consists of 18 articles, published in chronological and topical order, devoted to the selected issues of the history of the Polish parliamentarianism in exile during World War II and in the post-war period. The authors of the articles discussed various aspects of the activities of the National Council of the Republic of Poland in Exile, such as the participation of national minorities in the work of the quasi-parliament, biographies of the chosen parliamentarians, or the selected elements of “parliamentary practices”. This publication is not a synthesis but it supplements and develops the current state of research on the activities of the Polish quasi-parliamentary institutions in exile.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS-HEIFERS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SOMATOTROPIN (GH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Наталья Сафина ◽  
Natal'ya Safina ◽  
Ильназ Гилемханов ◽  
Il'naz Gilemhanov ◽  
Фарида Зиннатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Republic

. Polymorphisms of genes may be useful as genetic markers for additional selection criteria in dairy cattle breeding for economically advantageous traits. The presented study is dedicated to the influence of gene polymorphism, responsible for milk quality and milk productivity was carried out among Holstein cow-heifers in Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. DNA samples were isolated from blood samples of 130 cows for genotyping according to gene of growth hormone (GH) by PCR-RFLP analysis method. The genotypes distribution of the somatotropin gene were as follows: LL – 63.8% (83 animals), LV – 30.0% (39 animals), VV – 6.2% (8 animals), the distribution in frequency of occurrence of alleles L - 0.788 and V - 0.212. When considering the gene polymorphism association with the signs of milk production and the qualitative composition of milk showed prominent results cow-heifers with a LL genotype. The identified relationships indicate the possible genetic improvement of the investigated herds using marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals The Cost of Blindness in the Republic of Ireland 2010–2020

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Green ◽  
G. Ducorroy ◽  
E. McElnea ◽  
A. Naughton ◽  
A. Skelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
National Council ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Total Economic Cost ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of blindness in the Republic of Ireland and the associated financial and total economic cost between 2010 and 2020.Methods. Estimates for the prevalence of blindness in the Republic of Ireland were based on blindness registration data from the National Council for the Blind of Ireland. Estimates for the financial and total economic cost of blindness were based on the sum of direct and indirect healthcare and nonhealthcare costs.Results. We estimate that there were 12,995 blind individuals in Ireland in 2010 and in 2020 there will be 17,997. We estimate that the financial and total economic costs of blindness in the Republic of Ireland in 2010 were€276.6 million and€809 million, respectively, and will increase in 2020 to€367 million and€1.1 billion, respectively.Conclusions. Here, ninety-eight percent of the cost of blindness is borne by the Departments of Social Protection and Finance and not by the Department of Health as might initially be expected. Cost of illness studies should play a role in public policy making as they help to quantify the indirect or “hidden” costs of disability and so help to reveal the true cost of illness.

Interaction of the President with the legislature

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Ulker Yashar Elmanli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
National Council ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

This article comparatively examines the interaction between the President and the legislature and the way in which responsibilities are performed according to the division of power between them. They also talked about how and in what order their interaction is established in the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Key words: President, the National Council, separation of powers

scholarly journals Shmuel Zygielbojm (1895–1943) as a Figure in Polish Historical Discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Michał Trębacz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
National Council ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Szmul Zygielbojm, activist of the socialist Bund, member of the National Council of the Republic of Poland in London, on the night of May 11-12, 1943, committed suicide. It was a deliberate act of protest against „the inaction with which the world is staring and allowing the Jewish people to exterminate.“Quite early this universal act of opposition to evil became an argument showing Polish merits and non-Polish faults in informing the world about the Holocaust. How did historians and publicists talk about Zygielbojm? What role was assigned to him in the discourse about the Holocaust and Polish-Jewish relations? Why has the Bundist figure returned in contemporary debate?

scholarly journals THE STATE OF PARLIAMENTARY FREE SPEECH Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly 2016 (3) SA 487 (CC)

Obiter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Botha
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
National Council ◽  
The South ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
South African Constitution

The last two years have been challenging for the South African Parliament (comprising the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). Some of the issues experienced include: wide-ranging disruptions during the President’s 2015 State of the Nation Address; the forceful removal of Members of Parliament (members) from the parliamentary Chamber by the police; cell-phone signal jamming in the Chamber; a failure by the Assembly to fulfil its constitutional obligations in terms of sections 55(2) and 181(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 by not holding the President accountable to the Public Protector’s findings in the Nkandla saga ; members ignoring the rulings of the Speaker and the Chairperson of the NCOP; a challenge to the legitimacy of Parliament’s broadcasting policy and rules (Primedia) and the use of various forms of “unparliamentary” language by members in Parliament (Chairperson of NCOP). Whilst confrontation and robust debate in Parliament are not uncommon and to be expected, incidents such as these are becoming more frequent and have required the repeated intervention of the Courts.The Constitutional Court judgment in Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly raises important questions concerning the nature and scope of the parliamentary privilege in section 58(1)(b) of the Constitution. It also demonstrates the difficulty of maintaining a balance between the importance of upholding the guarantee of freedom of speech in Parliament, on the one hand, and the need to ensure internal order and discipline during parliamentary sittings, on the other. There have been a number of recent judgments concerning the internal functioning of Parliament. These judgments illustrate that the South African Constitution is a work in progress and that our constitutional jurisprudence is maturing. As recently observed by retired Constitutional Court Justice, Sandile Ngcobo, “This is not a bad thing … Our Constitution is still a young one and through constitutional adjudication it will generate constitutional rules and principles that will form the core of our constitutional law”. The purpose of this note is to explore the constitutional principles underlying parliamentary privilege, with specific reference to the decision in Democratic Alliance.

Protestant Concepts of Church and State: A Review Article

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Winthrop S. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Review Article ◽  
National Council ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Publishing Practice ◽  
National Council Of Churches

Few books purporting to be serious historical and theological analyses miss the mark as widely as Thomas G. Sanders' Protestant Concepts of Church and State, a “study” sponsored by the National Council of Churches and the Fund for the Republic. Far from clarifying Protestant thinking in this area, the author compounds the confusion and does little to enhance the reputation of either the sponsoring agencies or the publisher. Both sponsoring agencies have sufficient resources to have provided the author with competent counsel, and it is usual publishing practice to submit manuscripts to outside readers for criticism in order to avoid obvious gaffes. Apparently this responsibility was not taken seriously.

scholarly journals Prescription of Antibiotics for Periodontal Disease among Dentists in the Region of Tirana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1486-1491
Author(s):  
Besian Abazi ◽  
Joana Mihani
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use ◽  
Dosage Frequency

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease has been and will be a challenge for dentists in the entirety of oral pathologies. To date, there is no data regarding the prescription of antibiotics for periodontitis in the district of Tirana.AIM: Evaluate aspects related to the pattern of prescription of antibiotics among dentists in Tirana region for periodontitis.METHODS: Prescriptions from dental practitioners were collected from 25 pharmacies, randomly selected. The only prescription containing a diagnosis of periodontitis, with at least one antibiotic given, was included in the study. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20.RESULTS: Out of 1159 initial prescriptions, only 314 met the selection criteria. The average age of patients was 39.91 ± 15.21 years. Mean duration of therapies was 5.57 ± 1.5 days. The most common form of prescription was one broad-spectrum antibiotic (74.5%), combined antibiotics therapy (22.3%) and narrow-spectrum antibiotic (3.2%). Combined antibiotics involved the use of Metronidazole with Amoxicillin (12.1%) and Metronidazole with Spiramycin (10.2%). Significant differences in the patterns of prescription were identified in relation with patient age and therapy duration (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the patient’s gender and the typology of the therapy (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows prescription characteristics of antibiotics for periodontal disease by dentists in Tirana for the first time. Amoxycillin is the most prescribed antibiotic, followed by amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. We found variation in dosage, frequency and duration for all antibiotics used, and perceptible discrepancies between observed and recommended practice. Guidelines on rational antibiotic use are needed for dental practitioners in Tirana and the Republic of Albania for better management of periodontitis and resistance prevention.

scholarly journals Miejsce i rola Federacji Rosyjskiej w austriackiej „polityce wschodniej”

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Garczewski
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Council ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Government Coalition

The article analyses the attitude of the Republic of Austria towards the Russian Federation in the context of the contemporary ‘eastern policy’ pursued by this central European state. It focuses on events following Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of war in eastern Ukraine in 2014. In recent years, Vienna has tried to play the role of an intermediary in talks between Moscow and Kiev. Despite the confrontational attitude of Russia in eastern Europe, the Austrian government undertook a number of activities to further deepen relations with Russia, considering mainly economic issues. However, these actions have contributed to the weakening of the European Union’s common foreign and security policy. The article also draws attention to the positions of the main political parties towards Russia, primarily in the context of the elections to the National Council, which took place in October 2017. The author also indicates the controversial activities of members of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), who formed a government coalition at federal level with politicians from the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP), which was also important in the context of the relationship between Vienna and Moscow. He shows the most important differences and similarities between the Austrian and German ‘eastern policies’.

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