scholarly journals Prevalence of High-Risk Groups for Gastric Carcinoma – A Biopsy Finding

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Geetika KC ◽  
Shiva Raj KC ◽  
Purnima Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
H Pylori

Introduction: Gastric carcinoma is leading cause of death world wide including Nepal. The 5 years survival rate of gastric carcinoma (25%) has drastically decreased compared to early gastric cancers (90-90%) hence implying the need for early detection. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are considered as major high-risk factors and is a precancerous lesion along with Helicobacter pylori. This study tries to look at the distribution of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia across age and gender and their occurrence in Helicobacter pylori positive cases.Materials and methods: It is Cross-sectional study of a retrospectively collected data at KIST medical college and GRP poly clinic private limited from April 2008 till March 2018. Total of  10,683 cases were included. The slides were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin stain and Giemsa stain and evaluated by two pathologists. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS vs 21.Results: Total numbers of cases studied were 10,683 with male to female ratio of 1.04:1. The most common age group of the study was 18-40 years (n=6206; 58.8%).  Atrophy was seen in 81 (0.8 %) cases, Intestinal metaplasia in 298 (2.8 %) cases and  Helicobacter Pylori was positive in 4459 (42.2%) cases.  The incidence of atrophic gastritis was more in H. pylori positive group 54 (0.5%) group where as intestinal metaplasia was more in H. pylori negative 190(1.8%) group.Conclusion: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, high-risk factors for gastric carcinoma, were not the common findings. Atrophic gastritis was seen in 0.8% and intestinal metaplasia was seen in 2.8% of the total study population.

scholarly journals Association of Helicobacter pylori vacA polymorphisms with the risk of gastric precancerous lesions in a Moroccan population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1124-1132
Author(s):  
Mohamed Reda Jouimyi ◽  
Ghizlane Bounder ◽  
Imane Essaidi ◽  
Hasna Boura ◽  
Wafaa Badre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
D Region ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
H Pylori

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The vacA gene is one of the most virulence factors of H. pylori and genetic diversity in its s, m, i, and d regions is associated with gastric lesions severity. This study aimed to investigate the association of vacA s, m, i, and d regions with the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in a Casablanca population. Methodology: A total of 210 patients suffering from gastric lesions (chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia) were enrolled. The type of lesion was diagnosed by histological examination. Detection of H. pylori infection and genotyping of vacA regions were carried out by PCR. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori was 95%. The most common vacA genotypes were s2 (51.5%), m2 (77%), i2 (60.5%), and d2 (58.5%). VacA s1, m1, and i1 genotypes were associated with a high risk of intestinal metaplasia, while the vacA d1 genotype increases the risk of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The most common vacA combination was s2/m2/i2/d2 (52%), and it was more detected in chronic gastritis. The moderate virulent vacA combination (s1/m2/i1/d1) increases the risk of atrophic gastritis, while the most virulent vacA combination (s1/m1/i1/d1) increases the risk of intestinal metaplasia. Conclusions: Genotyping of vacA d region might be a reliable marker for the identification of vacA virulent strains that represent a high risk of developing precancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia).

scholarly journals Demographic Factors of Suicide in Chittagong

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Kazal Kanti Barua ◽  
M Jalal Uddin ◽  
Sumon Mutsuddy ◽  
AYM Masud Reza Khan ◽  
Ashim Barua
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background: Suicide is a devastating problem. It is to some extent preventable if we are aware of its factors. These factors vary according to community, cast and creed. Many studies were conducted at many places of the world but there is none in Chittagong. To know the high risk factors of suicide in Chittagong we have conducted the study.Methods : It was a descriptive study. Secondary data were used. All suicidal reports of Chittagong mortuary in 2012 were studied. Collected data were managed manually. Results were contrasted with recent studies of home & abroad.Results: Total 165 reports were studied. Majority of the victims 128(78%) were of 15-45 years age group. Male female ratio was 49: 51. Married victims were 109(66%). Muslims 125(76%). Majority of the victims 104(63%) were poorly literate (<SSC). Commonest profession of the victims was ‘housewife’57(35%). Next professional group was lower subordinate staffs 49(30%). Commonest method of suicide was Hanging 83(50%). Family feud was the commonest cause of suicide and it was 72(44%).Conclusion: Commonest demographic factor of suicide in Chittagong is ‘Family Feud’ It is mostly manageable and thus we can prevent suicide occurrence significantly. So, everybody should come forward to remove causes of family feud and others for a noble humanitarian cause.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (2); July 2017; Page 14-13

scholarly journals Review of Research on Routes of Helicobacter pylori Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Hang Li
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
H Pylori

AbstractIn recent years, many scholars conducted in-depth research onHelicobacter pyloriand identified it as an important pathogen of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.H. pylorialso causes also and contributes to precancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) and is closely related to occurrence and development of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma. This study summarizes biological characteristics, epidemic status, and infection route ofH. pyloriand reviews research on roles of natural environments, especially drinking water, during infection.

scholarly journals [ARTICLE PARTIAL RETRACTION] PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Stéfani Sousa BORGES ◽  
Amanda Ferreira Paes Landim RAMOS ◽  
Aroldo Vieira de MORAES FILHO ◽  
Carla Afonso da Silva Bitencourt BRAGA ◽  
Lilian Carla CARNEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Brazil, particularly in the underdeveloped localities, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections can range up to 90%. These rates are higher in older individuals and vary by country region. H. pylori infections are linked to the development of gastric pathologies, namely mild to moderate gastritis, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. In 1994, this organism was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as pertaining to the Group 1 carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma etiology. Gastric cancer represents a significant public health problem, being the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients and determine the link between clinical risk factors and gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosis. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was employed for molecular diagnosis of gastric tissue biopsies collected from 113 dyspeptic patients at the University Hospital of Federal University of Goiás. Molecular analyses allowed the identification of H. pylori infections. Furthermore, histopathological examinations were performed to determine the clinical risks of developing gastric malignancies. RESULTS: The test results identified 69 individuals older than 44 years, from 75 (66.4%) positive H. pylori infection samples. The prevalence of gastric adenocarcinoma in this study was 1.3%. Among the infected patients, six (8.2%) had high risk, and 67 (91.8%) had a low risk of developing gastric cancer (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows a high prevalence of H. pylori infection and identifies its contribution to gastric inflammations, which in the long term are manifested in high-risk clinical factors for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Significance of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Kichul Yoon ◽  
Nayoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Diffuse Type ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
H Pylori

There has been an accumulation of data regarding the chemopreventive effects of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) eradication. However, it remains unclear how <i>H. pylori</i> infection causes gastric cancer (GC) and how <i>H. pylori</i> eradication can prevent GC. Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are known as precancerous lesions which mainly lead to intestinal-type GC but to some extent, can also lead to diffuse-type GC. The most important mechanism of AG/IM is <i>H. pylori</i>-induced chronic gastritis. Thus, the reversibility of AG and IM by <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy is very important in the prevention of GC. There have been many studies providing data supporting the improvement of AG by the eradication of <i>H. pylori</i> to some extent. In contrast, IM has been regarded as “the point of no return.” However, more recent studies have implied the improvement of IM after eradication, suggesting the importance of early eradication therapy in reversible histological status. In this review, we focused on the reversibility of AG and IM by <i>H. pylori</i> eradication and tried to investigate the predicting factors for the improvement of AG and IM including age, sex, smoking, and diet, as well as <i>H. pylori</i> infection.

scholarly journals Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia as an Indicator for Early Detection of Gastric Carcinoma in The Events of Helicobacter Pylori Positive Chronic Atrophic Gastritis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Vukobrat-Bijedić ◽  
Svjetlana Radović ◽  
Azra Husić-Selimović ◽  
Srđan Gornjaković
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Tumor Lesion ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Lesser Curvature

The aim of the study was to ascertain the existence of intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa of patients with gastric carcinoma coupled with H. pylori positive chronic atrophic gastritis and possible connection of IM with the development of gastric carcinoma. The paper presents prospective study that included 50 patients with gastric carcinoma and 50 patients with chronic atrophic H. pylori positive gastritis. All the patients were subjected to gastroscopy as well as biopsy targeted at antrum, lesser curvature and corpus and at the area 1-2 cm removed from tumor lesion. Biopsy samples were sliced by microtome and stained. We analyzed presence, frequency and severity of inflammatory-regenerative, metaplastic and dysplastic changes in the mucosa and evaluated their prognostic value. We typed IM immunohistochemically. This study confirmed responsibility of H. pylori for inflammatory events in gastric mucosa in patients with gastriccarcinoma. According to our findings incomplete IM of types IIa and IIb as precancerous lesion is responsible for the development of gastriccarcinoma and is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis grade I and II (92% of subjects, p=0.0097, h=1, p=0.01). Thus, the finding of incomplete intestinal metaplasia may be used as an indicator for early gastric carcinoma detection. Patients with patho-histologically verified incomplete intestinal metaplasia associated with active chronic atrophic gastritis of levels I and II represent risk group for the development of gastric carcinoma of intestinal type.

Lower risk of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in MALT lymphoma patients despite of H. pylori infection.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
San Min Lee ◽  
Dae Young Cheung ◽  
Jin Il Kim ◽  
Soo-Heon Park
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Gastrin Level ◽  
Gastric Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pepsinogen I ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Male To Female

33 Background: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are sequential consequences of chronic H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection is a well-known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma of stomach. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma development. The relationship between gastric MALT lymphoma and atrophic gastritis-intestinal metaplasia has not been on the spot of interest. We investigated the clinical characteristics of gastric MALT lymphoma and co-presence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Methods: Study was conducted by review of electronic medical record of patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at an academic institute, the Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from January 2001 to March 2018. Results: A total of 51 subjects were enrolled consecutively during the study period and analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 57.5-year-old. The male to female ratio was 1.04 (26/25). On histologic examination, background atrophic gastritis was accompanied in 64.7% (33/51). Serum pepsinogen I, II and gastrin level, as serological marker for atrophy, were evaluated in 21 subjects. Thirteen out of 21 (61.9%) were compatible with serological atrophic gastritis (pepsinogen I / II ratio of less than three or pepsinogen I < 70 ng/mL). Conclusions: Prevalence of background mucosal atrophy or intestinal metaplasia was around 60% in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. This is comparable to that of general population and lower than that of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Even though age can be a confounding factor, this result suggests different carcinogenic pathway of gastric MALT lymphoma from adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori-Induced Signaling Pathways Contribute to Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Carcinogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichiro Sue ◽  
Wataru Shibata ◽  
Shin Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) induces chronic gastric inflammation, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer. Although the risk of gastric cancer increases exponentially with the extent of atrophic gastritis, the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated.H. pyloriinduces genetic and epigenetic changes in gastric epithelial cells through activating intracellular signaling pathways in a cagPAI-dependent manner.H. pylorieventually induces gastric cancer with chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI), which are classified as two major subtypes of gastric cancer. Elucidation of the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis will also be important for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Changes in Gastric Microbial Composition before and after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Chan Hyuk Park
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
H Pylori

Owing to advancements in next-generation sequencing and non-culture-based microbial research techniques, we have recognized that many bacterial taxa other than <i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> are present in the human stomach. Gastric microbial composition depends on gastric diseases, including gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. Although <i>H. pylori</i> is a major factor associated with gastric cancer development, other bacterial taxa may affect gastric carcinogenesis. Because the risk of gastric cancer development can be reduced through <i>H. pylori</i> eradication, many investigators have studied the changes in the microbial composition in the stomach after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication. The gastric microbiome in patients with <i>H. pylori</i> infection typically shows abundance of <i>H. pylori</i> and a low microbial diversity index. If we treat <i>H. pylori</i>-infected patients with antibiotics, microbial diversity increases, and the relative abundance also increases in many bacterial taxa. Several studies suggested that the microbial composition in patients with <i>H. pylori</i> infection could be restored by <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy; however, there have been inconsistent findings of the abundant bacterial taxa after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. More studies are required to reach a definitive conclusion on restoration of the microbial composition after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication according to the severity of gastric inflammation.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Analysis of Gastric Carcinoma in the Western Region of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Arnab Ghosh ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Dilasma Ghartimagar ◽  
Raghavan Narasimhan ◽  
Om Prakash Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
History Of ◽  
H Pylori

BackgroundGastric cancer is among the most common malignancies in Asia, comprising 74% of all global cases. Identifying the environmental risk factors may possibly shed more light on effective treatment and the prevention of this disease. The aim of our study is to document  different histologic types of gastric cancer as per age, sex and ethnic groups in the patients in Nepal, to know the frequency of different gross and microscopic subtypes (according to Lauren's classification) of tumor and to find out the association of H. pylori and other major risk factors with gastric cancer.Materials and Methods  The present study is a hospital based retrospective study done in the Department of Pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, from Jan 1999 to July 2010. All the endoscopic biopsies and gastrectomy specimens from patients with diagnosed gastric carcinoma were reviewed and the clinical and other data were analyzed.ResultsIn this study period, a total of 1223 cases related to stomach were received in Department of Pathology. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 397 cases - 315 cases of endoscopic biopsy and 82 cases of gastrectomy - were included in the study. In our study, the most affected age group and caste were 61-70 years ( 47.36%, CI 42.44% to 52.27%) and Gurungs (32%, CI 27.16% to 36.32%). The commonest gross and microscopic types were Borrmann's type IV (40%, CI 29.63% to 50.86%) and intestinal type (53%, CI 47.99% to 57.81%). Gastric antrum was the most affected site (70%, CI 65.26% to 74.29%). Among the cases with H pylori, antrum (62.5% CI 45.73% to 79.27%) was found to be the commonest site. Among all cases in Gurung, Chhetri and Brahmin communities, we retrieved data regarding risk factors in 93, 65 and 50 cases respectively. Significant relationship was found between the three risk factors studied and the ethnic groups. Smoked meat and alcohol were found to be associated with gastric carcinoma more in Gurungs and Chhetris than in Brahmins (p= 0.0001). On the contrary, cases among Brahmins are found to more associated with smoking than Gurungs and Chhetris (p= 0.0001).ConclusionGastric carcinoma is a common malignancy in this part of world. The most high risk group includes elderly males with history of alcoholism and smoked meat consumption in Gurung community and with history of smoking from Brahmin family. We advise that regular endoscopic surveillance should be done at least in high risk group for the early detection of cancer.Key Words: Gastric Carcinoma; Ethnicity; Risk Factors; Epidemiology; Helicobacter pylori; NepalDOI: 10.3126/nje.v1i1.4109Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2010;1 (1):27-32

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