scholarly journals Morphological Variations in Human Liver: A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
P Shrestha ◽  
S Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Ligamentum Teres ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Correct Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Human Livers ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The variations of liver like the accessory fissures and lobes are a potential source of diagnostic errors. The knowledge in the variations may help in diagnosis, treatment planning and minimize the risk of post operative complications. The present study was aimed to observe the morphological variations of livers. The study was done in 70 formalin fixed human livers and was observed for morphological variations. The present study concluded the normal morphology of liver was in 54.28% and anomalies in 45.71% of liver. The most common anomalies were accessory fissures which were found in 32.86% of livers. The second common anomalies were absence or incomplete fissure for ligamentum teres in 15.71% of livers. Then the enlarged papillary process was found in 11.43%, short gall bladder was in 10% and elongated left lobe was in 7.14%. The knowledge of normal and variant liver may contribute to the understanding of the liver disease and to achieve correct preoperative diagnosis; and to avoid intra-operative complications.

Morphological Variations of an Atypical Cleft Hand: A Cadaveric Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla ◽  
Mohamed Al Mushaiqri ◽  
Hussein Saleem Jawad Al Khabori ◽  
Roaa Abdullah Mohsin Al Rashdi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Palmar Surface ◽  
Anatomic Variants ◽  
Cleft Hand ◽  
Tissue Abnormalities

AbstractCleft hand is a group of hand deformities in which the central digits of the hand are congenitally absent. The soft tissue variations of cleft hand are rarely described. Hence, we report the anatomic variants of a unilateral atypical cleft hand with the absence of all of the phalanges of the middle finger. The 2nd and 3rd lumbricals showed a variation in their distal attachment. Both the superficial and deep flexor digital tendons of the missing middle finger were fused and inserted into the palmar surface of the head of the 3rd metacarpal bone. The extensor digitorum tendon of the missing finger was inserted on the dorsal surface of the head of the 3rd metacarpal bone. The palmar digital nerves of the median nerve of the middle finger formed 2 visible fibrotic masses; radial and ulnar, over the base of the 2nd web space. Of these, the radial mass was formed by the fusion of both palmar digital nerves and the common palmar digital artery. The knowledge of soft tissue abnormalities reported here is clinically important to plastic surgeons while restoring the good grasp and pinch of the cleft hand. The occurrence of fibrotic masses reported in the present case is unique, and these masses may cause diagnostic errors during an angiographic procedure.

scholarly journals The center of the human porta hepatis

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Saulius Rutkauskas ◽  
Vytautas Gedrimas ◽  
Tomas Čičinskas ◽  
Aurimas Savulis ◽  
Algidas Basevičius
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Porta Hepatis ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Liver Surface ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Human Livers ◽  
The Right

Majority of interventional procedures are made at the porta hepatis, which has a different location on the visceral surface of the liver. Objective. To describe the location of the porta hepatis in respect of the borders of the visceral surface and separate lobes of the liver. Material and methods. Sixty-four human livers were obtained at autopsy (mean age, 45 years). We chose the point of the crossing of longitudinal and transversal lines of the porta hepatis, which was considered as center of the porta hepatis. The distances from the center of the porta hepatis to the border of the visceral surface every 10 degrees with protractor and ruler and the angles of anatomical structures were measured. Additionally, the borders of lobes were assessed. Results. We found that center of the porta hepatis is located approximately 11.6±2.8 cm from the border of the visceral liver surface. The location of center of the porta hepatis was 11.6±1.1 cm from the border of left lobe, 9.7±1.5 cm from the border of quadrate lobe, 12.3±1.2 cm from the border of right lobe, and 7.4±1.0 cm from the border of caudate lobe. All distances were statistically significant (P<0.05). An angle of the fissure for round ligament was 50.5°, of the fossa of gallbladder – 102°, of the groove of vena cava inferior – 266°, and of the fissure for ligamentum venosum – 293°. The borders of the right, left, quadrate, and caudate liver lobe covered 45.6%, 32.6%, 14.3%, and 7.5% of the perimeter of visceral surface border, respectively. Conclusions. The center of the porta hepatis can help to characterize precisely the position of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface of the liver.

Infection of Hexametra angusticaecoides Chabaud & Brygoo, 1960 (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in a population of captive crested geckoes, Correlophus ciliatus Guichenot (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680
Author(s):  
Diane P. Barton ◽  
Paolo Martelli ◽  
William Luk ◽  
Xiaocheng Zhu ◽  
Shokoofeh Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

AbstractHere we report on the infection of captive crested geckos Correlophus ciliatus Guichenot (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae), with adults of the ascaridoid nematode, Hexametra angusticaecoides Chabaud & Brygoo, 1960 (Ascarididae). A population of captive crested geckoes became ill and died within a short period of time. Nematodes were recovered from the crested geckoes examined from within the coelomic cavity, penetrating various organs and migrating through subcutaneous tissues, as well as emerging through the geckos' skin. One gecko was treated with levamisole following surgical excision of nematodes from under the skin; this gecko survived. The potential source of the nematode infection in the captive geckoes is discussed. It is most likely that wild-caught Madagascan mossy geckoes, Uroplatus sikorae Boettger (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), introduced the infection to the colony. Molecular sequences of the nematodes are the first produced for the members of this genus. A redescription of the species and its genetic characterization based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence data is provided, suggesting some of the morphological criteria that have been used in the past to distinguish between Hexametra spp. may have been intraspecific morphological variations.

Colour doppler imaging of shunts from the left portal branch in portal hypertension

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
A. Nilsson ◽  
P.-Å. Olofsson ◽  
I. Lorén ◽  
P. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Ligamentum Teres ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Portal Branch ◽  
Colour Doppler Imaging ◽  
Typical Colour

Purpose: to describe the typical colour Doppler appearance of a shunt through the parenchyma of the left lobe of the liver in portal hypertension Material and Methods: Ultrasound images of 141 patients with biopsy-verified cirrhosis were reviewed. Special note was taken of the appearance of shunts from the left portal branch Results: in 28 patients, shunts from the left portal branch were detected ultra-sonographically, 10 of which ran through the liver parenchyma on a course separated from the ligamentum teres. Seven of these 10 followed a tortuous course just below the surface of the liver creating a ball or corkscrew-like pattern Conclusion: Shunts from the left portal branch are not uncommon and may represent the only ultrasonographically detectable pathology in these patients. Recognition of the typical pattern will facilitate their detection

Hernia mesh migration into bladder presenting as malignancy: potential source of diagnostic errors

Hernia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Li ◽  
X. L. Chen ◽  
H. L. Zhan ◽  
F. Yang ◽  
B. L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Mesh Migration ◽  
Hernia Mesh ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Malignancy Potential

scholarly journals A New Insight into the Morphology of the Human Liver: A Cadaveric Study

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunitha Vinnakota ◽  
Neelee Jayasree
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Normal Surfaces ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Macroscopic Examination ◽  
Insight Into

Background. Day to day advances in the fields of radiology like sonography and CT need to revive interest in the cadaveric study of morphological features of liver, as the accessory fissures are a potential source of diagnostic errors. Accessory fissures vary from single to multiple over different parts of the liver. Aim. In the present study the morphological features of human liver specimens were evaluated by macroscopic examination and morphometric analysis. Methods. The study was conducted on 58 specimens obtained from cadavers utilized for routine dissection for medical undergraduates from the year 2004 to 2012 in the Anatomy Department of MIMS Medical College. Results. In the present study the livers as described in the established anatomical literature with normal surfaces, fissures, and borders were considered normal. Out of the 58 specimens, 24 were normal without any accessory fissures or lobes and with normal contours. Two specimens were with hypoplastic left lobes. Lingular process of left lobe was observed in only one specimen. Conclusions. Knowledge of the various accessory fissures of liver prevents misdiagnosis of cystic lesions or any pathological lesions of the liver.

scholarly journals Involvement of mediastinal/intra.abdominal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and left adrenal in presumed isolated pancreatic tuberculosis: An endoscopic ultrasound study

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder S. Rana ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Ravi Sharma ◽  
Deepak K. Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Pancreatic Tuberculosis ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Pancreatic Involvement ◽  
Hypoechoic Mass

AbstractBackground: Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is very rare and closely mimics pancreatic cancer. Extra pancreatic involvement is very rare and has been rarely reported. Aim: Study the involvement of mediastinal/intra-abdominal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and left adrenal in patients of isolated pancreatic tuberculosis using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the records of 16 patients (12 males; mean age 37.8 ± 9.3 years) with pancreatic tuberculosis seen over last 4 years was done. Results: All 16 patients had a well-defined predominantly hypoechoic mass lesion in the pancreatic head and 7/16 (43%) patient had isolated pancreatic tuberculosis with no lymphadenopathy or extrapancreatic involvement. Nine (57%) patients had involvement of the peripancreatic lymph nodes and 6 (38%), 3 (19%), and 2 (13%) patients had celiac, periportal, and mediastinal nodes involvement, respectively. The diameter of the lymph nodes ranged from 1.2 cm to 2.6 cm with celiac lymph nodes being the largest. The left adrenal had normal morphology on EUS in all patients. The spleen and left lobe of the liver were also normal on EUS. Conclusions: Extra pancreatic involvement is seen in up to one-third of patients with presumed isolated pancreatic tuberculosis with involvement of peri-pancreatic and celiac lymph nodes being the commonest.

scholarly journals A Morphological Study on Gross Anatomical Variations of Embalmed Cadaveric Livers

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Zahid ◽  
Brishna Khan ◽  
Saira Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Liver Surface ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medical University

Objective: To find out gross anatomical variations of embalmed cadaveric livers. Methods: Present study was conducted in dissection halls of Anatomy departments of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal and Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore during 2016-2019. In this study, 74 livers were dissected out from embalmed cadavers and preserved in 10% formalin. Different morphological variations were observed in livers which included presence of accessory lobes, accessory sulci, notches, changes in size and shape of lobes. Liver specimens were photographed and classified according to Netter's classification of morphological variations of liver. Results: The hepatic morphological variations observed included accessory fissures in the right, left, caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver, accessory lobes, elongated left lobe, hypoplastic left lobe, multiple deep diaphragmatic sulci, pons hepatis, Reidel's lobe, notched borders and bilobed caudate lobe. Conclusion: The knowledge of various variations in morphology of cadaveric livers may help the radiologists to make accurate interpretation of the radiological images, thus minimizing the chances of incorrect reporting. It may also be helpful to the hepatobiliary surgeons to be aware of the morphological variations on the liver surface to avoid surgical complications. Key Words: Embalmed cadaveric livers, accessory lobes, accessory fissures

scholarly journals ANOMALOUS PERITONEAL FOLDS OF LIVER WITH INCOMPLETE FISSURE FOR IGAMENTUM TERES - A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Gupta ◽  
Jasbir Kaur ◽  
Hitendra Loh ◽  
Vandana Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ligamentum Teres ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Falciform Ligament ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Left Hypochondrium ◽  
Ligamentum Teres Hepatis ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Liver is the largest organ in the human body occupying right hypochondrium, epigastrium and left hypochondrium. The organ develops in the ventral mesogastrium dividing the latter into a cranial part which forms the falciform ligament and lesser omentum and the caudal part which normally degenerates but may persist occasionally in the form of accessory fissures, ligaments and folds. The present case report describes the occurrence of exceptional and multiple abnormal peritoneal ligaments extending between the liver, diaphragm and abdominal wall. In concurrence, an incomplete fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis is reported which resulted in a communication between the left lobe and quadrate lobe of liver. The knowledge of the normal and the variant anatomy of such peritoneal reflections of liver is of colossal significance for surgeons performing the segmental resection of the liver and radiologists interpreting radiological findings related to liver.

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