scholarly journals The Effect of Piracetam on Valproic Acid Induced Congenital Malformations in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Shamsher Shrestha ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
S.P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Higher Doses

Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug which is widely used in humans and is a well known teratogenic agent when used during pregnancy. Piracetam is a nootropic or cognitive enhancer drug used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries as well as dementia. In the present study, these two drugs VPA and Piracetam were administered orally to Swiss albino mice in the doses of400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively from gestational day (GD) 6-11 in order to see the protective effect of Piracetam against VPA induced teratogenesis. The fetuses were collected on GD 18 after uterotomy and observed for gross malformations if any. In VPA treated group the malformations observed were exencephaly, cranioschisis, limb and tail defects, haemorrhage, resorptions and retardation. No such anomalies were observed in control and Piracetam treated groups. However,in VPA+ Piracetam treated group some resorptions and growth retardation were noted. This group showed highly significant (p < 0.001) protection against the teratogenic effects of VPA treated group though the developmental parameters were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in comparison to those of group I (control) and group III (receiving piracetam). These findings suggest that Piracetam, if given in higher doses might protect the development in utero against the teratogenic effects of VPA.

scholarly journals Resveratrol alone and its Combination with Pterostilbene amends Valproic Acid-Induced Autism in Swiss Albino Mice: Postnatal Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Katta Sunand ◽  
G. Krishna Mohan ◽  
Vasudha Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Autistic Group ◽  
Histopathological Alterations ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the therapeutic role of resveratrol and pterostilbene alone and combination in reversing the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in valproic acid (VPA) induced oxidative stress and neuron damage in a postnatal model of autism. Method: 13 days old Swiss albino mice pups were randomly divided into five groups of six each, vehicle-treated group (1 mg/mL CMC), autistic group (VPA 400 mg/kg, sc), resveratrol (20 mg/kg, po), pterostilbene (10 mg/kg, po), and combination of resveratrol (10 mg/kg, po) + pterostilbene (5 mg/kg, po) group. On postnatal day (PND) 14, valproic acid (VPA) 400 mg/kg, sc, was administered to all except vehicle treated group. Resveratrol and/or pterostilbene was administered daily from PND 14 to 40. During the treatment, period various behavioural parameters were analysed. At the end of study, animals were sacrificed for biochemical estimations and histopathological study. Results: Single time administration of VPA at 400 mg/kg, sc, effectively induced autism. Treatment with resveratrol, pterostilbene, and the combination gave significant recovery in behavioral activity, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in mice when compared with the autistic group. Conclusion: Resveratrol and pterostilbene are good nutraceuticals in reversing the valproic acid-induced autistic deficits, in this study combination of resveratrol and pterostilbene provide superior results on recovery over individual therapy, it is suggested that this combination therapy potentiates the benefits and is more suitable for autism therapy.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol on Valproic Acid Induced Oxidative Stress Autism in Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
K. Sunand ◽  
Nagia Begum ◽  
Rahul Motiram Kakalij ◽  
Madhukaran Reddy Tekula
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Albino Mice

The present research work is aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant/neuroprotective role of Resveratrol in reversing the valproic acid induced autism in postnatal swiss albino mice. Separate 13 day old/ Post natal day (PND) 13 swiss albino mice of either sex into 5 groups, each group consists of six mice of either sex, groups namely Group I - Control, Group II - Resveratrol, Group III - Negative control, Group IV and V - Resveratrol treatment groups. On PND 14 administer single dose of Valproic acid (VPA) or Sodium Valproate (400 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to III, IV and V groups to induce autism. Treatment is given in two doses 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p) as Low dose and 40 mg/kg, i.p as High dose from the 13th day to the end of study. Assessment of autism is done by different behavioral screening methods during PND 14 to 40. Treatment with resveratrol significantly decline the autism symptoms compared with negative control. At the end of study on PND 41 all the animals were sacrificed to assess the biochemical estimations like Anticholinesterase enzyme, Total Protein, antioxidant enzyme (Catalase, Superoxide and Glutathione) activity and cerebellar histopathological examination. Treatment with Resveratrol has shown a significant beneficial difference on behavioral alterations, oxidative markers, neurotransmitters, and restoration of the altered purkinje cells of autism. This research work we conclude that resvertrol have a potent anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, learning and memory enhancing agent against valproic acid induced autism.

scholarly journals Role of newly developed novel multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) in ameliorating carbon tetrachloride induced haemato-toxicity in Swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Soumendra Darbar ◽  
Srimoyee Saha ◽  
Kausikisankar Pramanik ◽  
Atiskumar Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Liver Transaminase ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

Haematological disorders and related complications are very common phenomenon against hazardous chemicals. Alteration of hematologic parameters disrupts the body’s normal homeostasis. There is a worldwide need to develop a safe and symptomatic medication which controls the haematological complications. Healthy adult Swiss albino mice were assigned to four groups of six mice each according to their weights. Group-I serve as control, Group-II received multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) 400 mg/kg/day, Group-III received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1 ml/kg-bw and Group-IV received CCl4 along with AKSS16-LIV01 (400 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital plexus of each animal to determine various blood parameters and liver transaminase. Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) showed decline body weight, food consumption and water intake in mice whereas treatment with multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) normalized the same as compared with untreated animals. Treatment with CCl4 (Group-III) decline the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), means cell volume (MCV), means cell hemoglobin (MCH) and greater the white blood cell (WBC) compared with control. Pre-treatment with AKSS16-LIV01 significantly (p<0.001) increased the PCV, Hb, MCH, MCH and decreased WBC count in experimental animals as compared with CCl4 treated group. On the other hand elevated liver transaminase enzymes i.e. AST and ALP by CCl4 was restored with administration of multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01). Chronic administration of CCl4 indicated adverse effects on haematologic parameters upon experimental animals. Simultaneous administration with newly developed novel multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) was able to ameliorate these adverse effects and may be a potent drug in future which controls the blood related medical complications against the toxicants.

HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ACETAMIPRID TOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Fefar ◽  
Ankita N. Brahmbhatt ◽  
B.P. Joshi ◽  
D.J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Albino Mice

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.

scholarly journals STUDY ON EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS (LEMON GRASS) IN ALBINO MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
R. Mangala Devi ◽  
R. Sarojini ◽  
S. Vasanth
Keyword(s):  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. Drug therapy is the cornerstone in the management of depression. Anti-depressants are associated with many unwanted side-effects. Thus, various herbal products have been tried. The advantages of herbal treatments include safety, cheap and acceptability due to their traditional values. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-depressant activity of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) in albino mice and to compare with Imipramine. Methods: 30 Swiss albino male mice weighing around 25-30 g were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I (Control) mice were given normal feed and water, Group II (Standard) received 20 mg/kg T. Imipramine orally, Group III (Test-1) received 5 mg/kg aqueous extract of C. citratus (lemon grass) orally and Group IV (Test-2) received 10 mg/kg C. citratus (lemon grass) orally, and Group V (Test-3) received both T. Imipramine (10 mg/kg) and C. citratus (10 mg/kg) orally. Duration of immobility was observed for last 4 mins of total 6 mins period in groups 1-5 by tail suspension test on 1st, 8th and 15th day.Results: Duration of immobility recorded in seconds was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test Conclusion: Lemon grass has a significant antidepressant effect. Combined effect of lemon grass at 10 mg/kg and imipramine 10 mg/kg is not synergistic.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous Extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp on Alcohol affected learning in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Sowmya ◽  
Manohar VR ◽  
Mohandas Rai ◽  
H N Gopalakrishna ◽  
Chandrashekar R
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

To evaluate the effect of Aqueous extract of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB) on learning by Hebb William maze model in mice with acute alcohol consumption.Swiss albino mice (n=48) of either sex weighing 20-30g will be divided into eight groups of six mice each. Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I mice received 10ml/kg of Normal Saline, Group II mice received Piracetam 200mg/kg, Group III received AETB 36mg/kg, Group IV received ethanol 1.5g/kg orally, Group V received ethanol(1.5g/kg )+ piracetam (200mg/kg), Group VI mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(9mg/kg), Group VII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB (18mg/kg), Group VIII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(36mg/kg). Time taken by the animal to reach the reward chamber from the start chamber (TRC) in Hebb-William maze was used as a parameterto evaluate the learning.Acute alcohol administration showed increase in TRC. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp showed a decrease in TRC when compared to the control group. The TRC values for the groups that were administered AETB along with acute alcohol administration showed decrease in TRC values compared to the negative control.Current study showed acute alcohol administration caused impairment of thelearning ability in mice. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB)caused enhancement of learning. Pre-treatment with AETB before acute alcohol administration indicated protective action of AETB on alcohol affected learning in mice.

Effects of Garcinia Cambogia on the Weights of Normal Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2956-2957
Author(s):  
Gul Afshan ◽  
Ponum Mirani ◽  
Imtiaz Aslam ◽  
Sobia Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Smart Drugs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim: Effects of available weight reducing drugs on the weights of a normal albino mice. Methodology: In this study, total 39 adult albino mice were used and were divided in three groups containing 13 animals in each. Group I served as control and was given 1 ml of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. Group II and Group III served as experimental group and mice in these groups were given 0.5 mg of Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water respectively once a day for 8 weeks. To support these results weights of kidneys were also measured and relative tissue width index was calculated and compared with control group. Results: The weight of the animals increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. The overall difference for final weight among three groups was highly significant with p-value <0.01. When final weight compared group wise, the experimental groups had significantly higher weight as compared to control with p-values <0.01and 0.028 Conclusion: Both Ultra Slim Plus and Slim Smart drugs cause weight to increase in the individuals who are not obese and have BMI in normal range Keywords: Weight loss, Garcinia Cambodia, kidney, Albino mice

scholarly journals TOXICITY PROFILE OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS SEEDS: A PRECLINICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
BHARAT MISHRA ◽  
ELEZABETH JOHN ◽  
KRUPAMOL JOY ◽  
BADMANABAN R ◽  
ALEESHA R
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Celastrus Paniculatus ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity profile of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) by performing a preclinical study on Swiss albino mice and demonstrate a safety description through monitoring their autonomic, neurological, behavioral, physical, and biochemistry profiles. Methods: The toxicity profiles (acute and subacute) of CP were evaluated using Swiss albino mice in which they were divided into four groups: Group I received 1% Tween 20 and dimethyl sulfoxide. Group II, III, and IV received CP seed oil orally, at doses of 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight for both acute and subacute toxicity studies in accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines No. 423. Special attention was given during the first 4 h and daily thereafter for a total of 14 days. Behavioral profile, physical state changes, and other parameters such as tremors, convulsion, lethargy were noted. Clinical signs were observed daily during the 28 days of the treatment period. Body weights were measured once a week. On the 29th day, the animals were kept to overnight and blood samples were collected through retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis. Results: In both acute and subacute toxicity studies, the treatment with CP did not affect the normal health status of animals. It is suggestive that CP is considered practically non-toxic. Conclusion: The toxicity profile of CP seed oil was evaluated and found to be safe until 2000 mg/kg dose.

scholarly journals Subacute Hepatotoxicity of Extracts of Senna occidentalis Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Egziharia Mokonen Gebrezgi ◽  
Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben ◽  
Kidanemariam Gaim Kidanu ◽  
Amanuel Tesfay Tsegay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Senna occidentalis is potentially toxic to humans and animals. Its seeds are crop contaminant weeds in some localities where liver disease is prevalent. This study assessed the subacute hepatotoxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in mice model. Three groups of female Swiss Albino mice (25–28 g, aged 8–10 weeks) received distilled water (control), 400, and 1000 mg/kg extract of S. occidentalis seed, respectively. At the end of the study, body weight and liver organ weight were recorded, and tissue and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the extract treated groups, at both doses, showed significant (p≤0.001) decrease in mean body weight gain in the fourth week of the experiment. Besides, the extract treated groups showed significant (p≤0.001) elevation of liver enzyme markers: alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Also, histopathological examinations of liver tissue showed moderate microvesicular steatosis of hepatocytes and mild inflammation in the 400 mg/kg treated group as well as marked micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, focal area necrosis, and periportal inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the 1000 mg/kg treated group. Thus, these findings show that S. occidentalis seeds exhibit hepatotoxicity in mice, characterized by changes in liver tissue architecture and liver enzyme levels.

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