scholarly journals Study of the Amplitude of Accommodation and its Relation to Errors of Refraction: A Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Neha Priyadarshani Chaudhary ◽  
Pramod Sharma Gautam ◽  
Sagar Dahal ◽  
Devendra Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reading Distance

Background: The unique ability of the eye to vary the refractive power of the lens and to focus on things at a range of distances is called accommodation. The reduction of this ability in which the near point recedes further away from comfortable reading distance is called presbyopia. There is continuing research to understand this process and correct this affliction that affects each and every person at the peak of their productive life. With an aging population, the proportion of people above 40 years is on the rise. This will therefore have public health and economic implications. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study which was conducted in 100 presbyopic patients in age group of 35 to 60 years at outpatient department of ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, from 1st October 2016 to 30th March 2017. The amplitude of accommodation was calculated by measuring near point of accommodation with the help of RAF rule and the data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of 100 patients in this study who visited our OPD with presbyopic complains, the no. of hypermetropic patients were highest (56%) and they presented with presbyopic symptoms at an early age as compared to myopes, while the no. of myopic patients were less(13%) and they presented late with presbyopic symptoms. The mean amplitude of accommodation was highest in myopes in all age group (3.35 D in 36-40 year age group which reduced to 2.65 D in 56-60 year age group).There was stastistically significant difference in amplitude of accommodation between myopia and  hypermetropia in all age groups except in 56-60 year age group. Conlusion: The amplitude of accommodation is generally higher in myopes in all age groups as compared to hypermetropes and emmetropes and they usually develope presbyopic symtoms later in life.

scholarly journals TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangio FERRARI ◽  
Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽  
Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽  
Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽  
Odemari Miranda FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

A study of manual toothbrushing skills in children aged 3 to 11 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mentes ◽  
Julide Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrushing management and ability of children in relation to age and gender. The study population consisted of 75 children and were divided into three equal groups as 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 years of age.The grip type during toothbrushing was recorded on videotape.The most preferred grip types were distal (73%) followed by power (43%) and oblique grips (29%). There were a statistically significant differences between age groups and the grip types (p<0.001) but no significant difference was seen between boys and girls in grip preferences (p>0.05).The mean duration of toothbrushing was shorter in 3-5 years of age group (28 seconds) than the 6-8 and 9-11 age groups (35 and 47 seconds respectively).

scholarly journals A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF TYPICALLY DEVELOPING INDIAN CHILDREN ON MOTOR FREE VISUAL PERCEPTUAL TEST-4 (MVPT-4)

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Dr. Sheetal Gupta ◽  
Dr. Anita Gupta ◽  
Dr. Sushmita Ahirwal
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Perceptual Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indian Students

Visual perception is the process by which individuals assign meaning, understanding, and interpretation to what they have seen. The aim of this study was to determine the visual perceptual skills of typically developing Indian children on MVPT-4. A sample of 180 typically developing Indian students were included in the study using convenience sampling method. They were divided in six age groups with age ranging from 6years to 12 years with 30 children in each age group. It was found that visual perceptual skills of typically developing Indian children in 6-12 years of age group can be assessed using MVPT-4. Analysis was done using One-way Anova to compare the mean raw score of each age group. There was a significant difference between the age groups at statistical value of p< 0.001. The score improved with age, signifying refined and matured visual perceptual skills in older children. Age influences visual-perceptual skills of these children. This study also provides a foundation for further researches and highlights the importance of MVPT-4 as a screening tool to be used by the occupational therapist in order to assess the visual perceptual skills of children.

scholarly journals Histological study of proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in Bangladeshi women

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Hosna Ara Perven ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Halima Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

This cross sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2009, to determine the proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in di_erent age group of Bangladeshi women. This study was based on collection of 140 ovaries of 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including A (10-13 years), B (14-45 years) & C (46-52 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain. Ten best prepared histological slides from each age group were examined to determine the thickness of the cortex and medulla & proportion of the thickness of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary were expressed in percentages. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the right ovary were found 80.83±0.58% and 19.17±0.58% in group A, 86.95±1.14% and 13.05±1.14% in group B, 70.53±1.53% and 29.47±1.53% in group C respectively. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the left ovary were found 80.63±0.58% and 19.37±0.58% in group A, 86.78±1.14% and 13.22±1.14% in group B, 70.41±1.50% and 29.59±1.50% in group C respectively. The difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla was not signi_cant in between the ovaries. However, the difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary between group A & group B, group A & group C and group B & group C were statistically significant.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 8-10

Effect of Age on Individual Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Normal Eyes as Measured with Ultrasound Pachymeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Pachymeter

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine age-relatedvariation in the thickness of the corneal epithelium using ultrasound pachymeter. Methods: One hundred three patients were enrolled in this study and grouped according to age: Group A (< 30 years), group B (31-40 years), group C (41-50 years), group D (51-60 years), group E (61-70), and group F (> 71). Total corneal and corneal epithelial thickness measurements were made using the SonogageCorneo-Gage Plus 2 (Cleveland, Ohio) ultrasound pachymeter. Correlations of central epithelial thickness with central total corneal thickness, age, and gender were calculated. In addition, mean central epithelial thickness (CET) was measured. One-way ANOVA testing and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test and Pearson correlation were performed to analyze data. Results: The mean epithelial thickness at the central cornea was 47.88±1.15 μm, with no statistically significant difference between right and left eyes, and no significant differences in gender or central total corneal thickness. The difference in mean epithelial thickness across age groups was statistically significant (p <0.008). The mean epithelial thickness of the > 71 years group was significantly thinner than that of the < 30 years, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years age groups. Conclusions: Ultrasound pachymeter of the corneal epithelium demonstrated that the oldest age group (> 71 years) had significantly thinner central corneal epithelial thickness than the younger age groups. There was no correlation between epithelial thickness, total corneal thickness, gender, or laterality.

scholarly journals Mandibular Canal Location and Cortical Bone Thickness in Males and Females of Different Age Groups: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Sherif Shafik El-Bahnasy ◽  
Magdy Youakim ◽  
Mohamed Shamel ◽  
Hisham El Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Mean

AIM: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the prevalence of mandibular canal (MC) location variations in regard to mandibular first molars in both genders at different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 80 cone-beam computed tomography scans. Distance between MC and apical apices of first molars, buccal and lingual cortical plates was measured in both sides. RESULTS: 80 scans with 160 sides were analyzed. Distances was measured bilaterally for all scans with mean (5.22 ± 0.77) in men versus (4.1 ± 0.7) in women at group age 31–40 apical to apices of first molars. The mean was (3.77 ± 0.62) in men versus (2.81 ± 0.47) in women at same age group at buccal side, lingually the mean was (4.02 ± 0.67) in men versus (3.67 ± 0.26) in women in the same age group. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there were decrease in measurements in older age group in both genders and in female groups more than male groups but with no statistical significant difference.

scholarly journals The subjective acceptance in presbyopic patient receiving correction based on conventional method of age v/s amplitude of accommodation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Neha Priyadarshani Chaudhary ◽  
Pramod Sharma Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To observe the subjective acceptance in presbyopic patients following prescription of spectacles. Material and method: This is a hospital based cross sectional study which was conducted in 100 presbyopic patients in age group of 35 to 60 years at outpatient department of ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, kanchanbari from 1 August 2018 to 30November 2018. The patients were divided into two groups, First group received the presbyopic correction according to conventional method of age and the second group received the prescription according to their amplitude of accommodation. Patient's satisfaction in terms of symptoms like eyestrain, headache or difficulty with the usage of glasses was noted. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Conclusion: When presbyopic correction is given according to amplitude of accommodation in patients belonging to 36-45 years age group, it is tolerated better and patients are more satisfied in terms of symptoms like eyestrain and headache than getting the simple correction as per their age. However after the age of 45 years, presbyopic correction given according to age is equally tolerated well among all refractive error groups. Results: 100 patients in this study who visited our OPD with presbyopic symptoms were divided into two groups, each of 50 patients. Patient's satisfaction and tolerance was better when presbyopic correction was given on the basis of their amplitude of accommodation in age group 36-45, in comparison to the prescription given according to conventional method of their age. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the patient's satisfaction level in the two groups after the age of 45.

scholarly journals Corneal Astigmatism Changes After Ptosis Correction in Two Age Groups of Patients with Congenital Ptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apatsa Lekskul ◽  
Tunyarat Tangphikunatam ◽  
Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Congenital Ptosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Rate ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate postoperative corneal astigmatism changes after ptosis correction in groups of young and older patients with congenital ptosis.Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of 28 patients (56 eyes) with congenital ptosis enrolled at Ramathibodi Hospital was performed from April 2018 to June 2019. Within this group of patients there were 6 cases of bilateral congenital ptosis and 22 unilateral cases of congenital ptosis forming a total of 34 individual ptotic eyes for the study. The patients were categorized into two groups: early-age group (aged ≤5 years,) comprising of 14 eyes and older-age group (aged >5 years) comprising of 20 eyes. The preoperative visual acuity, amblyopic status, ptosis severity, and refractive error of both groups were evaluated prior to ptosis correction. All patients underwent ptosis correction with either levator resection or frontalis sling. Following the correction, the refractive error was measured after a follow-up period of at least 6 months. The astigmatism results were classified into three subgroups: with-the-rule, against-the-rule and oblique astigmatism.Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 8.91 ± 7.05 years. From the study group, amblyopia was found in 13 out of 28 patients (46.4%). The most common type of astigmatism was with-the-rule astigmatism, making up 24 out of 34 ptotic eyes (70.6%). A postoperative astigmatism change of >0.50 diopters was found in 4 out of14 eyes (28.6%) in the early-age group and in 6 out of 20 eyes (30.0%) in the older-age group (Rate ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.34–6.07). Conclusion: Astigmatism was reduced following ptosis correction, with no statistically significant difference in the amount of reduction between the two age groups. As there is no significant difference, surgical correction can be deferred in patients of all age groups with anisometropic amblyogenic ptosis until appropriate surgical planning is possible.

scholarly journals Bovine Trypanosomosis and Its Vectors in Three Selected Districts of Buno Bedele Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gelaye Gebisa ◽  
Kibiru Beriso ◽  
Biruk Bogale ◽  
Oda Gizaw ◽  
Dawit Chala
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Trypanosomosis is one of the most economically challenging diseases affecting mammals, and it is a serious haemoprotozoan disease caused by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. The study was conducted to access the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, its associated risk factors, and vector density on cattle reared in three selected districts, namely, Chewaka, Dabo Hana, and Meko districts. Blood was collected from a total of 1046 cattle of age groups extending from 1 to 6 years. The buffy coat technique was used to check the presence of parasites from sampled blood, and the trypanosome species were identified using Giemsa-stained thin blood films. The packed cell volume of sampled blood was determined using the haematocrit. A total of 160 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. Generally, 3.44% of the studied animal was infected with trypanosomosis, and T. vivax was the dominant species of trypanosomosis in the study areas. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed due to associated factor viz. body condition and anaemic status of the animal; however, insignificant differences were also recorded between different districts, age group, and sex. The mean PCV value of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals was 22.22 ± 0.92 and 26.18 ± 0.16, respectively, and significant difference was P < 0.05. An overall of 1.82 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study areas, and among the total caught vectors, 81.4% of it was G. tachinoides and the rest was G. morsitans. Therefore, the veterinarians have to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation, and Bedele NTTICC has to take more measures to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies in Dabo Hana district than the others due to high flies per trap per day observed in Dabo Hana district.

scholarly journals Pattern of thyroid disorders in ENT OPD of Nobel Medical College in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Thakur ◽  
Manish Agrawal ◽  
Nisha Ghimire ◽  
R.K. Bedajit ◽  
Pratap Roy
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Profile

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a major health problem in eastern Nepal with a high prevalence and the pattern of thyroid disorders. Previous studies have shown the tendency of hypothyroidism to increase with the age and being more common in women. Objective: this study was undertaken to study the various possible manifestations of thyroid disorders and their relation to age in female population in eastern Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based study, conducted in the Department of ENT of Nobel Medical College and teaching hospital in eastern Nepal. A total of 153 female subjects, who attended the outpatients department (OPD) for thyroid screening were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected and thyroid assay was done (fT3, fT4, and TSH). Data was tabulated and analysed. Results: On analyzing the Thyroid profile of 153 subjects, 107 (69.93%) of them were found to be of euthyroid status. Rest of them had abnormal status. Subclinical hypothyroidism status was found in 31 (20.26%) subjects, while frank hypothyroidism was found in 9 (5.88%) cases. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and frank hyperthyroidism was found in 3 (1.96%) cases each. The fT3 level was of high normal level in the less than 40 years age group, while it was low normal in the above 40 years age group. On analysis, with ANOVA, there was significant difference in fT3 values among three age groups. But, no significant difference was found for fT4 level among age groups. The TSH level was shown to differ significantly among three different age groups. The normal range of TSH increased with increasing age. On analyzing the correlation of Thyroid function parameters, fT3 and fT4 values did not correlate with age, but, TSH was positively correlated with age. This signifies that TSH increases with increasing age, which is also similar to the ANOVA results. Conclusion: the prevalence of thyroid disorder in the studied sample of eastern Nepal is found to be 30.07% and hypothyroidism was the commonest disorder in this study. There is a tendency of fT3 to decrease and TSH to increase with increasing age. However no definite pattern was found for fT4.   

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