scholarly journals An open label study on Depression Patient's Disability Outcomes: Comparative Evaluation of Escitalopram and Amisulpride

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Vijay Kaul ◽  
Shaktibala Dutta ◽  
Mirza Atif Beg ◽  
Nand Kishore Singh ◽  
Shalu Bawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
P Value ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Depression is an important global public health problem due to its relatively high lifetime prevalence and significant disability caused by it. The present study was conducted to compare improvement in disability outcome by Amisulpride and Escitalopram among depression patients using WHO-Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS).Materials and Methods The study was conducted in depression patients for 1 year in the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nepalgunj Medical College & Teaching Hospital. A total of 117 depression patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I (58 patients) received Amisulpride tablet at a dose of 50 mg/day and Group II (59 patients) were given Escitalopram at a dose of 10 mg/day. The patients were required to follow up at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and at 15 weeks. The efficacy of the drugs was calculated by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). The improvement in functional outcome was compared between the two groups by using WHO-Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS). Appropriate statistical tools using GraphPadInstat 3.0 were used for analysis. p value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results HAM-D score in group receiving Amisulpride at 0 and 15 weeks was 16.92±0.35 and 7.87±0.29 (p<0.0001). HAM-D score in group receiving Escitalopram at 0 and 15 weeks was 17.09±0.39 and 6.63±0.39 (p<0.0001). WHO-DAS score in group receiving Amisulpride at 0 and 15 weeks was 112.54±0.82 and 43.08±1.41 (p<0.0001) respectively. WHO-DAS in group receiving Escitalopram at 0 and 15 weeks was 113.73±1.92 and 40.69±1.49 (p<0.0001) respectively. Intergroup comparison at 15 weeks was insignificant (p>0.05). Gastrointestinal disturbances, sexual disturbances, amenorrhea, lactation, agitation and insomnia were the commonly encountered adverse drug reactions.Conclusion Both Amisulpride and Escitalopram showed improvement in WHO Disability Assessment Score (WHO-DAS) at the end of study period. But intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in the two groups. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 37-42

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF CRYSTALLOIDS AND COLLOIDS AS PRELOADING FLUIDS TO PREVENT HYPOTENSION IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ELECTIVE C-SECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Seema Yadav ◽  
Dr. Rajendra Verma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Keywords Anesthesia ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
American Society

Background: Different crystalloids commonly used in preloading are Ringer lactate, normal saline and colloids that are used in preloading are gelatin, dextran, hetastarch, pentastarch, tetrastarch. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of both as preloading infusion to prevent hypotension, requirement of vasopressors and requirement of total fluid given during surgery to maintain stable hemodynamics Methods: This randomized control trials was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia , R.V.R.S. Medical College, Bhilwara.  60 patients between 18- 40 years of age, belonging to American society of anaesthesia grade I or II going for elective caesarian section under spinal anesthesia were screened for the study eligibility criteria Results: In group (I), in 20 females, efficacy was achieved while in 10 females efficacy could not be achieved because of drop in BP. In group (II), in 22 females, efficacy was achieved while in 8 females, efficacy could not be achieved. The difference between both groups was statistically insignificant but there were more females in group II in which efficacy was achieved. (p-value=>0.05) Conclusion: According to this randomized trial we did not find any significant difference between both groups for prevention of hypotension. Keywords: Anesthesia, coload, hypotension, preload, spinal

Comparative Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety for Management of Neuropathic Pain with Gabapentin, Pregabalin, and Amitriptyline

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2995-2998
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Current treatments for neuropathic pain (NeP) are tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), such as pregabalin and gabapentin are first-line drugs for the management of NeP complaints. Current treatment for the management of neuropathic pain is often sub-standard. Methods: It's a three-arm, prospective, comparative, open-label study. A total of 270 patients with persistent lumbar radiculopathy were randomized into three groups based on clinical examination, symptoms, X-rays, and MRI scans of the lumbosacral spine. Patients in Groups A and B got Gabapentine 300 mg, Pregabaline 75 mg, and Amitriptyline 75 mg, respectively. Results: The mean NPRS score at two months was 3.72 ± 2.65 for Group A, 3.63 ± 2.65 for Group B, and 5.21 ± 2.65 for Group C. The F-value was 6.63, and the p-value was 0.001, which was statistically significant. As compared to the other two treatment groups, the subjects in Group 3 saw a significant difference. ‎ The adverse effects reported occurrence of dizziness was significantly more in group B with 21 patients (23.33%) as compared to group A with 11 patients (12.22%) and group C with 4 patients (4.44%), [p=0.041). The sedation occurred in 28 patients of group B (31.11%), which was significantly more than group A i,e, in 23 patients (25.55%) and group C, i.e., 22 patients (24.44%), [P=0.036]. Conclusions: In patients with NeP Thus, in conclusion, three groups Gabapentine, Pregabaline, and Amitriptyline, are equally efficacious in relieving pain in NeP. Pregabalin has advantages in terms of Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) score over the Gabapentine and Amitriptyline. Gabapentine has fewer reported adverse effects and hence better patient compliance on long-term use. Keywords: Gabapentine, Amitriptyline, Pregabalin, Neuropathic pain

scholarly journals Aromaterapi Kenanga Dibanding Lavender terhadap Nyeri Post Sectio Caesaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Wasis Pujiati ◽  
Meily Nirnasari ◽  
Hotmaria Julia Dolok Saribu ◽  
Daratullaila Daratullaila
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Moderate Pain ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to compare the effect of cananga and lavender aromatherapy on pain intensity in postoperative patients with Sectio caesaria . This research method uses true experimental design, randomized pretest posttest design. Sampling technique with simple random sampling. intervention group I was given aromatherapy cananga and group II was given lavender aromatherapy. Changes in pain intensity are measured using a Numerical Rating Scale. The pain felt by patients before inhaling cananga aromatherapy is an average of 5.00 (moderate pain) and after therapy of 3.25 (mild pain). Pain that was felt by patients before inhaling lavender aromatherapy was an average of 4.83 (moderate pain) and after therapy of 3.25 (mild pain). The results of the analysis with the Wilcoxon test (p value 0,000) showed that there was an influence of cananga and lavender aromatherapy interventions using inhalation techniques to the intensity of pain in post sectio caesaria  patients. Mann Whitney Test results obtained p value 0.054. Conclusions There is no significant difference in the effect of intervention from the two groups, meaning that both interventions have the same effective effect in reducing the intensity of pain in post-sectional cesarean patients.   Keywords: Aromatherapy Canangium Odoratum, Lavandula, Pain, Sectio caesaria

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion between normal delivery and caesarean section

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Sarkar ◽  
Dhruba Prasad Paul ◽  
Jayanta Ray
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Placental

Background: Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes are related to pregnancies spaced too closely together. Objective of present study was to compare the expulsion rate and complications between post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery.Methods: This study was a prospective comparative study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Agartala Government Medical College over 1.5 Years (January 2016-June2017) All cases at term pregnancy delivering by caesarean section and vaginal delivery were divided into two different groups. Sample size of 105 in each group. Subjects recruited from-obstetrics OPD and casualty of Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC) and GB Pant Hospital expulsion rate and complications. Comparative evaluation of Expulsion rate and complications following post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery at the end of six months, one year and one and half year.Results: There was no significant difference in either complications between the two groups (P value-.913) or outcomes (p value-.035). Expulsion rate 18.2% following vaginal delivery compared to those with intracaesarean insertion i.e 3.8%.Conclusions: The complications associated with postplacental Intrauterine device insertion is insignificant, still the awareness, acceptance and continuation are very low. Therefore Information, education Communication activity by the field workers must be enhanced to overcome this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Severity of Major Depression Using a Voice Index for Emotional Arousal

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Shuji Shinohara ◽  
Hiroyuki Toda ◽  
Mitsuteru Nakamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Omiya ◽  
Masakazu Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
National Defense ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Defense Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, the relationship between emotional arousal and depression has been studied. Focusing on this relationship, we first developed an arousal level voice index (ALVI) to measure arousal levels using the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture database. Then, we calculated ALVI from the voices of depressed patients from two hospitals (Ginza Taimei Clinic (H1) and National Defense Medical College hospital (H2)) and compared them with the severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Depending on the HAM-D score, the datasets were classified into a no depression (HAM-D < 8) and a depression group (HAM-D ≥ 8) for each hospital. A comparison of the mean ALVI between the groups was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and a significant difference at the level of 10% (p = 0.094) at H1 and 1% (p = 0.0038) at H2 was determined. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.66 when categorizing between the two groups for H1, and the AUC for H2 was 0.70. The relationship between arousal level and depression severity was indirectly suggested via the ALVI.

A bioinformatics approach to investigate serum and hematopoietic cell-specific therapeutic microRNAs targeting the 3' UTRs of all four Dengue virus serotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Sarwar Baig ◽  
Anuja Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Denv Serotypes

Abstract Hyperendemic circulation of all four Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is a severe global public health problem, so any vaccine or therapeutics should be able to target all four of them. Cells of hemopoietic origin are believed to be primary sites of DENV replication. This study aimed to identify potential host miRNAs that target 3' UTR of all 4 DENV serotypes, thereby directly regulating viral gene expression or indirectly modulating the host system at different virus infection steps. We used four prediction algorithms viz. miRanda, RNA22, RNAhybrid, and StarMir for predicting miRNA, targeting 3'UTR of all four DENV serotypes. Statistically, the most significant miRNA targets were screened based on their Log10 P-value (&gt; 0.0001) of GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The intersection test of at least three prediction tools identified a total of 30 miRNAs, which could bind to 3'UTR of all four DENV serotypes. Of the 30, eight miRNAs were of hematopoietic cell origin. GO term enrichment and KEGG analysis showed four hemopoietic origin miRNAs target genes of the biological processes mainly involved in the innate immune response, mRNA 3'-end processing, antigen processing, and presentation and nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process.

Comparison of Human Thymus Gland between Young and Old Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1907-1909
Author(s):  
Faiza Mehboob ◽  
Ponum Mirani ◽  
M. Kamran Ameer ◽  
Khurram Shabeer ◽  
Muhammad Ali Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages <30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages <15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages >15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages <50 years and >50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

Predictors of Underweight Among Lactating Mothers in Dangila District, North West Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaynew Adugna ◽  
Amsalu Degu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Health extension workers are responsible for providing nutritional services like nutritional assessment and intervention for individuals who are identified as being at nutrition risk within their catchment area. Despite the Ethiopian government's effort to reduce the prevalence of maternal malnutrition through health extension workers, maternal underweight is still a significant public health problem in the country. Hence, this study aimed to identify the predictors of underweight among lactating mothers in Dangila woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based case-control study was conducted on 400 lactating women in three primary health care units of Dangila Woreda. A consecutive sampling method was used to select study participants. The data collectors were given appropriate training, and the principal investigator was continuously supervising the data collection process to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information. A bivariable logistic regression was performed, and the variables with p-value <0.2 in bivariable logistic regression were entered to multivariable logistic regression to control the effect of confounding variables.Results: The present study showed no statistically significant difference between the cases and controls in the sociodemographic characteristics. Besides, most of the cases had inadequate (60.52%) levels of nutritional knowledge compared to the controls. Regarding household food security, the majority (93.88%) of the cases and controls (89.43%) had food security while only 6.12% of the cases and 10.57% of the controls had food insecurity. Age at first pregnancy (AOR=2.138, 95% CI: 1.134-4.031), breastfeeding age (AOR=2.486, 95 % CI: 1.281-4.823), and site of delivery (AOR=3.157, 95% CI: 1.407-7.084) were the predictors of underweight among lactating mothers.Conclusions: Age at first pregnancy, site of delivery, and breastfeeding age were the significant predictors of underweight in lactating mothers. Therefore, interventions like promoting institutional delivery, prevention of teenage pregnancy, and enhancing the intake of adequate nutrition during lactation should be taken.

scholarly journals Results of modern tuboperitoneal infertility treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drenka Turjacanin-Pantelic ◽  
Dragana Bojovic-Jovic ◽  
Biljana Arsic ◽  
Eliana Garalejic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background/Aim. A modern approach to surgical treatment of tuboperitoneal infertility is based on laporascopic techniques. The aim of this study was to compare results of tuboperitoneal infertility treatment by the use of laparoscopy and classical laparotomy. Methods. A retrospectiveprospective study on 66 women treated operatively form tuboperitoneal infertility was performed. Data from patient's anamnesis and those related to the surgical treatment results, obtained by the use of an inquiry, were used in retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. Chi-square test was used in statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Classical laparotomy was used on 34 women in a period from 1996 to 1997, while 32 women were operated laparoscopically in a period from 1999 to 2000. The results were as follows: a total number of conceived women was 16 (24%), seven in the group I (20.6%) and nine in the group II (28.1%); 13 women were with one pregnancy, six in the group I (17.6%) and seven in the group II (22%). Twice pregnant were three women, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%). The resulting pregnancies were: five women with abortion spontaneous, two in the group I (5.9%) and three in the group II (9.4%); two women with extrauterine pregnancy in the group I (5.9%); three with pretemporal birth, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%), while six women were with the temporal birth, two in the group I (5.9%) and four in the group II (12.5%). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the results between these two groups. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of tubeperitoneal infertility, regardless of the used methods (classical laparotomy or laparoscopy) was successful in a great number of women. These methods have a great advantage over in vitro fertilization, and they should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Substance Use: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
K.A. Durowade ◽  
O.E. Elegbede ◽  
G.B. Pius-Imue ◽  
A. Omeiza ◽  
M. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Substance use is a global public health problem with increasing burden among university students. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of substance use among undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05Results: The respondents’ mean age was 19.5 ± 2.0 years and all 416 (100.0%) were aware of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance use was 299 (71.9%). Alcohol 133 (32.0%) and over-the-counter drugs (29.9%) were the two most commonly used substance. Being male (p=0.017) and in 400 level (p=0.047) were associated with substance use while curiosity 112 (37.5%), peer pressure 95 (31.8%) and school stress 85 (28.4%) were reasons given. Predictors of substance use were being a female (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI=1.89-3.66; p=0.011), civil servant mother (aOR: 5.75; 95% CI=1.90-17.4; p=0.002) and mother with secondary education (aOR: 5.27; 95% CI= 2.20- 12.65; p<0.001).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of substance use with curiosity, peer pressure and school stress being influencers of substance use among the study population. Predictors of substance use were being a female, civil servant mother and mother with secondary education. The University authority should institute measures to prevent access to alcohol and other substances by the students.

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