scholarly journals Natural Resources and Revenue Sharing in the New Federal System of Nepal: A Proposed Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Bishnu H Pandit ◽  
Him L Shrestha

This article considers recent trends in federalism, with particular attention to revenue sharing of natural resources in the new federal system of Nepal. It begins with a general description of the federal system prevailing in other countries, revenue sharing pattern and possible ways that can be implemented in Nepal. The article concludes with an explanation of trends that set the direction for policy innovations in natural resources federalism and general thoughts about the future of federalism in natural resources law in Nepal, which in turn can be reflected in the new constitution. A model consisting of seven provinces based on five criteria (river and hydro-power; forest, wild life and national parks; population/ethnicity; geographic location; and road networks) is also proposed for restructuring new Nepal. Three levels (center, province and local/or community) of new Nepal federal system are proposed. Recommendations are made to be included in the fundamental right and state responsibility part of the constitution. Key words: Fedral system, Economic right, Constitution, Revenue sharing, Natural resources management DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2426 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.38-48

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
Garth Greskiw ◽  
John L Innes

Natural resources planners—especially those involved in forest management—are increasingly being challenged in their ability to “think on their feet” and speak interactively in cross-cultural co-management teams addressing issues of natural resources management. Team learning occurs in the discovery of the best conversations to initiate that will have the potential to discover the relevant questions to ask. Continuous identification and systematic resolution of strategic issues is best done by carefully respecting both oral and written means of communication. This paper reviews historic and recent trends in the re-discovery of a team learning process that honours spoken words and respectfully facilitates dialogue. Balancing orality and literacy in the context of adaptive co-management with communities will enable natural resource stakeholders to continually improve the relevance of their policy, research and management. Key words: oral tradition, natural resources management, adaptive co-management, problem-based learning


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gloriose Umuziranenge

In this thesis I assessed whether and how the local communities participate in the daily activities regarding the park’s management through implementation of tourism revenue sharing and how it impacted local communities’ participation in conservation of Nyungwe National Park as well as the promotion of their well-being. The main research question of my thesis was the following: How do people perceive local community participation in natural resources management? The main research question of my thesis was: How do people perceive local community participation in natural resources management? It was split into five sub-questions: (1) How do local communities participate, and perceive their role in the conservation of the park?, (2) What are the benefits and opportunities do they get as neighbors of the Park through TRS?, (3) How do they participate in decision-making process?, (4) What are challenges do they face being neighbors of the park?, (5) What do local communities wish to minimize the challenges they face? My thesis was organized as a paper-based thesis. It includes in total five papers which were published in different scientific journals. In the research process, I used different methodologies according to the aim of each paper. The findings show that the Park’s management has improved the relationship between the local community and the Park by accommodating local needs such as infrastructures (schools, health centers, communal water tanks), income generating activities, increased awareness in terms of park’s protection through a tourism revenue sharing scheme that was introduced since 2005. According to the perceptions of the respondents, this study shows that the governance of the park is still dominated by a top-down approach through a distant representative democracy where the participation of the local community remains passive. This research indicates human-wildlife conflicts as one of the challenges faced by the local community. People perceive that more efforts should be dedicated on participation as an integrative and learning process where the local community should be empowered. Die kumulative Studie befasst sich mit der Frage nach der Beteiligung lokaler Gemeinden am Management der natürlichen Ressourcen durch den Nyungwe Nationalpark. Es wird bewertet, ob und wie die lokalen Gemeinden an den Aktivitäten des Managements der durch die Implementierung der touristischen Einnahmeaufteilung teilnehmen und danach gefragt wie dieses Vereinbarung die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinden an der Erhaltung des Nyungwe Nationalparks sowie ihr Wohlbefindens beeinflusst. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage, wie die Menschen die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinschaft am Management natürlicher Ressourcen wahrnehmen, ist in fünf Unterfragen aufgeteilt: (1) Wie partizipieren die lokalen Gemeinden und wie nehmen sie ihre Rolle bei der Erhaltung des Parks wahr?, (2) Welche Vorteile und Möglichkeiten erhalten sie als Nachbarn des Parks durch TRS?, (3) Wie nehmen sie am Entscheidungsprozess teil?, (4) Was sind die Herausforderungen, denen sie als Nachbarn des Parks gegenüberstehen?, (5) Was wünschen sich die lokalen Gemeinden, um die Herausforderungen, denen sie gegenüberstehen, zu minimieren? Meine Studie umfasst insgesamt fünf Arbeiten, die in verschiedenen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden. Je nach Fragestellung wurden im Forschungsprozess verschiedene Methoden verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Management des Parks die Beziehung zwischen der lokalen Gemeinde und dem Park verbessert hat, indem es lokale Bedürfnisse wie Infrastruktur (Schulen, Gesundheitszentren, kommunale Wassertanks), einkommensschaffende Aktivitäten und ein erhöhtes Bewusstsein für den Schutz des Parks durch ein Programm zur Beteiligung an den Tourismuseinnahmen, das seit 2005 eingeführt wurde, berücksichtigt hat. Die in der Studie untersuchten Wahrnehmungen der befragten zeigt auch, dass die Verwaltung des Parks immer noch von einem Top-Down-Ansatz durch eine distanziert-repräsentative Demokratie dominiert wird, bei der die Beteiligung der lokalen Gemeinschaft passiv bleibt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Konflikte zwischen Mensch und Wildtieren eine der Herausforderungen sind, mit denen die lokale Gemeinschaft konfrontiert ist. Seitens der Befragten wird vorgeschlagen, mehr Initiativen für die Partizipation als integrativen und lernenden Prozess unternommen werden sollten, um dadurch die lokale Gemeinschaft zu stärken.


2003 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
A. Bykov

According to the legal norms of the Russian Federation in the ownership, usage and disposal of natural resources the author analyses interaction between natural resources users and local authorities. The interaction is based upon ecological and economic factors, which cause the peculiarities of requirements put before natural resource users in the Far North. The strategic directions of resource saving economic development of these regions are considered.


Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gilewski ◽  
Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka

This paper is dedicated to the extended solid (continuum) model of tensegrity structures or lattices. Tensegrity is defined as a pin-joined truss structure with an infinitesimal mechanism stabilized by a set of self-equilibrated normal forces. The proposed model is inspired by the continuum model that matches the first gradient theory of elasticity. The extension leads to the second- or higher-order gradient formulation. General description is supplemented with examples in 2D and 3D spaces. A detailed form of material coefficients related to the first and second deformation gradients is presented. Substitute mechanical properties of the lattice are dependent on the cable-to-strut stiffness ratio and self-stress. Scale effect as well as coupling of the first and second gradient terms are identified. The extended solid model can be used for the evaluation of unusual mechanical properties of tensegrity lattices.


Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 104465
Author(s):  
Laís S. Araujo ◽  
Ulises Rodrigo Magdalena ◽  
Tayana S. Louzada ◽  
Paulo S. Salomon ◽  
Fernando C. Moraes ◽  
...  

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