scholarly journals Effectiveness of Root System of Grasses Used in Soil Conservation in Paundi Khola Sub Watershed of Lamjung District, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Gandhiv Kafle ◽  
Mohan K Balla
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Rain Splash

The study was carried out in Paundi Khola Sub-watershed of Lamjung District, with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of root system of grasses used in soil conservation. Different root parameters were recorded through direct field measurement. Key informant's survey, semi-structured walk and focus group discussions were also undertaken to acquire relevant information on pattern of retaining grasses, insect/pest condition, local uses of grasses, perceived weeds and perception of farmers on different issues. Stylo and Molasses are most effective in armouring the slope against surface erosion from both runoff and rain splash due to their dense surface cover, low canopy and small leaves. Broom Grass and Napier are most effective in reinforcing the soil by providing a network of strong roots that increases the soil's resistance to shear. Broom Grass can moderately support the soil mass by its strong and long fibrous roots. Broom Grass can bind average 3.8 cu. m. soil, and that for napier, stylo, and molasses are 0.37 cu. m., 0.45 cu. m. and 0.04 cu. m. soil respectively. It was found that farmers plant the improved varieties of grasses primarily for forage due to high foliage content. Soil conservation is second priority. A combination of improved varieties of grasses and natural grasses helps to conserve soil and moisture more effectively than single-use of grass species on marginal land. Key Words: Effectiveness, Improved grass species, Root, Soil conservation, Napier, Molasses, Stylo, Broom grass. DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2533 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp121-129

scholarly journals Effect of earthworms on mycorrhization, root morphology and biomass of silver fir seedlings inoculated with black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Unuk Nahberger ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Hojka Kraigher ◽  
Tine Grebenc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Parameters

AbstractSpecies of the genus Tuber have gained a lot of attention in recent decades due to their aromatic hypogenous fruitbodies, which can bring high prices on the market. The tendency in truffle production is to infect oak, hazel, beech, etc. in greenhouse conditions. We aimed to show whether silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) can be an appropriate host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, and how earthworms in the inoculation substrate would affect the mycorrhization dynamics. Silver fir seedlings inoculated with Tuber. aestivum were analyzed for root system parameters and mycorrhization, how earthworms affect the bare root system, and if mycorrhization parameters change when earthworms are added to the inoculation substrate. Seedlings were analyzed 6 and 12 months after spore inoculation. Mycorrhization with or without earthworms revealed contrasting effects on fine root biomass and morphology of silver fir seedlings. Only a few of the assessed fine root parameters showed statistically significant response, namely higher fine root biomass and fine root tip density in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 6 months after inoculation, lower fine root tip density when earthworms were added, the specific root tip density increased in inoculated seedlings without earthworms 12 months after inoculation, and general negative effect of earthworm on branching density. Silver fir was confirmed as a suitable host partner for commercial mycorrhization with truffles, with 6% and 35% mycorrhization 6 months after inoculation and between 36% and 55% mycorrhization 12 months after inoculation. The effect of earthworms on mycorrhization of silver fir with Tuber aestivum was positive only after 6 months of mycorrhization, while this effect disappeared and turned insignificantly negative after 12 months due to the secondary effect of grazing on ectomycorrhizal root tips.

THE EFFECT OF INTENSITY OF DEFOLIATION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION IN SOME PASTURE-GRASS SPECIES

1937 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Pasture Plants

There are many points of approach to a consideration of root development in pasture plants, but I wish to confine myself to this effect on the root system of different rest periods between the removal of leaves and outline the plants reaction to them

Quantifying variations in rhizosheath and root system phenotypes of landraces and improved varieties of juvenile maize

Rhizosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Adu ◽  
Paul A. Asare ◽  
David O. Yawson ◽  
Frank K. Ackah ◽  
Kwadwo K. Amoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Improved Varieties

The Temporal Dynamics of Cynodon Dactylon Soil - Root System in Soil Conservation and Slope Reinforcement

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Fang Qing Chen ◽  
Jin Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Slope Reinforcement ◽  
Riparian Species

Cynodon dactylon has become a dominant riparian species in the reservoir region after the Three Gorges project was finished. In order to determine the effect of the species in soil conservation and slope reinforcement and the variation over time, the soil erosion resistance and shear strength of plants soil-root systems were tested during different seasons in a year through control experiment. Results showed that C. dactylon roots enhanced significantly soil conservation and slope reinforcement. The tensile strength of C. dactylon roots reached from 65.34 to 91.22Kpa/mm2 after three to twelve month growth, so did the soil erosion resistance coefficient from 0.34 to 0.86, shear strength from 20.82 to 25.98Kpa increasing by 39.62%, 154.90% and 24.74% respectively. We conclude that the temporal dynamics of C. dactylon roots influenced the performance of soil-root system in soil conservation and slope reinforcement.

scholarly journals Response of Mungbean Root System Architecture to Phosphorus Application Methods

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Marisa Collins ◽  
Colin Andrew Douglas ◽  
Michael Bell
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
P Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Phosphorus Application

In recent years phosphorus application methods have become an important management strategy for optimising the uptake of the immobile nutrient phosphorus (P). Root system architecture (RSA) could play a particularly important role in the uptake of P by grain legumes, due to their relatively coarse root systems. The objective of this study was to understand the response of mungbean root systems to P application methods. Four mungbean varieties were grown in purpose-built soil filled root chambers that received five P application methods. Phosphorus treatments consisted of a control (no application of P) compared with 30 mg P/kg soil throughout the soil volume (high P treatment) or restricted to 10cm deep layers in the topsoil or in a layer from 20-30cm deep. A fifth treatment consisted of the same amount of P as applied in deeper dispersed layer applied in a concentrated band at 25cm depth. After 50 days of growth, plant were destructively harvested and shoot and root parameters were measured. Mungbean varieties responded differently to P application methods, with Jade and Berken varieties showing greater root proliferation at depth and greater shoot growth in response to banded and deeper dispersed P applications, relative to the late maturing variety Putland. Shallow dispersed P and the no-P control both resulted in poor root growth in all the genotypes except Celera II, which did not respond to P application from any placement strategy. Results suggest that P application strategies may need to vary with variety to maximize the uptake of P.

scholarly journals Root mass vertical distribution of perennial cool-season grasses grown in pure or mixed swards

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ylluyanka Méndez Moncada ◽  
Luana Fidelis Américo ◽  
Paulo Gonçalves Duchini ◽  
Gabriela Cristina Guzatti ◽  
Daniel Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

ABSTRACT: In this study we tested whether the root biomass of mixtures composed by grass species is greater than their respective monocultures. The treatments were monocultures of Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, and a mixture of them, cultivated in a rich-soil environment. Root biomass was evaluated on a single evaluation per season at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm). Mixed swards presented the greatest root biomass, and this was explained by a greater concentration in the topsoil layer (0-5 cm). These findings reinforce the need for permanent soil conservation practices to not jeopardize the benefits of the more abundant root biomass reported in the mixed swards.

Slope Stability Analysis with Vetiver Plant Reinforcement using 3D Finite Element Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Indra Noer Hamdhan ◽  
Desti Santi Pratiwi ◽  
Rizka Adisya Kamila Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
3D Finite Element Method ◽  
Bio Engineering ◽  
Plaxis 3D

A landslide is the downslope movement of a soil mass or rock or debris of both (Bobrowski and Highlind, 2008). One of the measures to mitigate slope erosion that causes landslide is by applying bio-engineering system using a vegetation called Vetiver (Vetiveria Zizanioides). The purpose of  this study is to analyze slope stability with a vegetation system using PLAXIS 3D software based on finite elements method and referring to the guidelines from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing with the title Guidelines for Vetiver Grass Planting for Surface Erosion Control and Prevention of Shallow Landslides on Road Slopes.The result shows that the deeper the Vetiver root modelled will increase the value of the safety factor, reinforcement using vegetation is effective on 30° slopes in PLAXIS 3D. The percentage increase in the value of the safety factior generated by PLAXIS 3D is 10.94%.

scholarly journals Influence of Vetiver Root System on Mechanical Performance of Expansive Soil: Experimental Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guiyao Wang ◽  
Yonggang Huang ◽  
Runfa Li ◽  
Jingmei Chang ◽  
Jinliang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Swelling Characteristics

In order to study the influence of the vetiver root system on the swelling characteristics and crack resistance of expansive soil, vetiver grass root growth and its vertical distribution were investigated by the cultivation test and observation. The expansion rate experiment without load and expansive force tests was conducted on planted grass root soil samples, and the effect of the root content on the expansion rate and force of soil mass was analyzed. Finally, the effects of different vetiver contents on the crack resistance of expansive soil were studied by soil cracking experiments in an outdoor natural environment. The results showed that on account of the reinforcement effect of crisscrossing and winding grassroots, the expansion rate and expansive force can be reduced by the grass roots, and the grass roots can significantly increase the anticracking properties of the root-soil composites. From the surface down, the inhibition effect of the vetiver root on the expansive soil appeared from low to high and then decreased; the effect was optimal in the layer of 10∼15 cm. Compared with the pure expansive soil, the swelling force of the cultivated root expansive soil growing for 180 d decreased by more than 80%, and the unloaded expansive soil reduced by more than 70%. Compared with pure expansive soil, the swelling force and the unloaded expansion rate of cultivated root expansive soil growing for 90 d decreased by more than 50%.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF VEGETATION ROOT SYSTEM ON SURFACE EROSION CAUSED BY RAINFALL

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
Masato SEKINE ◽  
Kensuke OMAE ◽  
Takayuki MATUSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Surface Erosion

scholarly journals Morphometric characterization of Rastrococcus invadens on four varieties of mango trees (Pout, Thies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Amadou Fall ◽  
Adiouma G.R. J. Sarr ◽  
Fawrou Seye ◽  
Mamour Toure ◽  
Raymond D. Ndione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Rastrococcus Invadens ◽  
The One ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) or mealybug is an insect pest of mango and several other fruit trees including citrus. The cochineal is native to Southeast Asia and was first identified in Senegal in Dakar in 1995. Since then, it has been widely distributed throughout the country and more particularly in the two most fruit-producing areas: Casamance and Thies. To properly conduct our study, we chose the four most infested mango varieties namely Kent, Keitt, Sewe and Boukodiekhal. All these populations are from the locality of Pout (Thies region). On each plant we collected 10 people. This allowed us to have a total of 40 individuals. The individuals harvested are coded according to the zone and the type of plant in which they were harvested. This study revealed almost two more or less distinct morphometric groups made up on the one hand by populations from improved varieties (Kent and Keitt) and on the other by those from local varieties (Sewe and Boukodiekhal).

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