scholarly journals Preliminary screening of anti-ulcerative colitis activity of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceae) and the possible mechanisms of action in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Agbaje EO ◽  
◽  
Sabo FO ◽  
Ujomo T ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Passiflora suberosa L

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasani Prabodha Sudasinghe ◽  
Dinithi C. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Leaves of Passiflora suberosa L. (Family: Passifloraceae; common name: wild passion fruit, devil’s pumpkin) are used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for treating diabetes. The present study investigated the in vivo ability of P. suberosa leaves to manage blood sugar status and associated cholesterol levels. Mechanisms of action and toxicity were also determined. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of P. suberosa leaves and carbohydrate content of the leaves were determined according to previously published methods. In two group of male mice (n = 9), effects on fasting and random blood glucose levels (BGLs) of different acute doses (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 h post-treatment. In another set of mice, the fasting BGL was evaluated following treatment of 0 or 50 mg/kg ALE (dose prescribed in traditional medicine) for 30 consecutive days. The lipid profile, some mechanism of ALE action (diaphragm glucose uptake, glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles) and its toxicity (behavioural observation, food and water intake, hepatoxicity) were also assessed following 30-day treatment. However, sucrose and glucose tolerance tests and intestinal glucose uptake were conducted to determine portion of mechanisms of action following single dose of 50 mg/kg ALE. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and proanthocyanidins. Carbohydrate content of the leaves was 12.97%. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was observed after 4 h of 50 and 100 mg/kg ALE administration. The extract decreased fasting BGL (18%) following an oral sucrose challenge and inhibited (79%) glucose absorption from the intestine. Correspondingly, the levels of glycogen in the liver (61%) and in the skeletal muscles (57%) were found be higher than that of the control group. The levels of total cholesterol (17%) and tri-glyceraldehyde levels (12%) found to be reduced in treated groups. Furthermore, no significant toxic effects were observed in treated groups. The present results suggest that the leaves of P. suberosa can be used to manage blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Isolation of active compounds are recommended for further analysis.

Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Caladium bicolor (Araceae) and its possible mechanisms of action

2015 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju A. Salako ◽  
Abidemi J. Akindele ◽  
Omotoyosi M. Shitta ◽  
Olajumoke O. Elegunde ◽  
Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin using albino rat

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
NWAOGWUGWU JOEL, FRIDAY UHEGBU ◽  
OKEREKE STANLEY, EGEGE AMAKA, ATASI OKECHUKWU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin using albino rat was carried out. Twenty-five albino rats were grouped into five groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as the control, while groups 2-5 served as the test groups. The test groups were placed on different doses of the studied leaf extract after the lethal dose was determined. The studied extractconsists mainly of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides, which have considerable therapeutic values, and reduced body weight considerably in test rats against the control. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)in test rats reduced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the control. However, the observed histopathological changes associated with the kidney and liver of test rats against those of the control may suggest that the toxicity of the extract could be dose dependent. This study has shown the toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of S. mombin using albino rat.

EFFECT OF PRE-COPULATORY TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Spondias mombin ON GESTATIONAL CHARACSTERISTICS OF RABBITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. A. OLOYE ◽  
N. OBI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
And Control

Fifteen plurigravida rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.6 kg were used for the study of gestational characteristics after pre-copulatory oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin. The fifteen does were divided into three groups of five does per group. Four untreated reproductively proven bucks kept separately in different cages were used for copulation. Dosages administered were 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg for groups A and B respectively while distilled water was served to control group C. Mating, pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasound and determination of birth parameters were conducted subsequently at the end of extract treatment. Average litter size,birth weight and gestation length observed in all dosage groups had statistically similar values (p≥0.05).However, it is worth noting the relatively higher values of average litter size in 800mg/kg dosage group and control (5.60±0.40) compared to 400mg/kg group (5.40±0.75) and the highest birth weight value recorded for 800mg/kg (46.63±3.55) compared to 400mg\kg group (45.30±3.22) and control (42.38±3.74). It was concluded that pre-copulatory administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin at dosages as high as 800mg/kg to rabbit does not have deleterious effect on its prolificacy and does have pro-fertility tendencies.        

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antipyretic activities of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anarcadiaceae)

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
E.O. Agbaje ◽  
A.I. Ismail ◽  
O.J. Oguntokun
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Spondias mombin (Linn.) (Anacardiaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely used in Traditional African medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diverse ailments including infections and febrile conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial and antipyretic properties of the aqueous leaf extract of S. mombin. The sensitivity test (using zones of inhibition), minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests were used to investigate its antimicrobial properties, while the 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)- and yeast-induced hyperthermia tests were used to investigate antipyretic activity in rodents. S. mombin (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1, p.o) produced significant (p<0.05) antimicrobial activity in the sensitivity test. The effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml S. mombin were generally comparable to those of ciprofloxacin. Also, S. mombin produced significant (p<0.05) reduction of elevated temperature in the 2,4-DNP and yeast-induced hyperthermia models with peak effects of anti-pyrexia produced at 200 mg kg-1 for 2,4-DNP induced hyperthermia and 100 mg kg-1 for the yeast-induced. The effect at these doses was comparable to that of paracetamol, being the positive control in the two models. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin possesses antibacterial and antipyretic properties.

Cytoprotective and antiadhesive effects of aqueous leaf extract from Orthosiphon aristatus against uropathogenic E. coli

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sarshar ◽  
MR Asadi Karam ◽  
M Habibi ◽  
S Bouzari ◽  
X Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
O. Uyi, ◽  
I.G. Amolo ◽  
A.D. Adetimehin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Worker Caste

Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Allamanda cathartica L. Leaf Extract and Evaluation for Antimicrobial Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2260-2268
Author(s):  
M. Linga Rao ◽  
Bhumi G ◽  
Savithramma N
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) exhibit tremendous applications in medicine as antimicrobial agent.  The use of different parts of plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals.  In the present study, we report a rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of medicinal plant Allamanda cathartica.  The active phytochemicals present in the plant were responsible for the quick reduction of silver ion to metallic silver nanoparticles. The reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).  The spherical shaped silver nanoparticles were observed and it was found to 19-40 nm range of size.  These phytosynthesized SNPs were tested for their antimicrobial activity and it analyzed by measuring the inhibitory zone. A. cathartica aqueous leaf extract of SNPs showed highest toxicity to Pseudomonas followed by Klebsiella, Bacillus and E. coli and lowest toxicity towards Proteus. In fungal species, highest inhibition zone was noted against Rhizopus followed by Curvularia, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and minimum inhibition zone was observed against Fusarium species.  These results suggest a promising potential of Indian plant-based green chemistry for production of SNPs for biomedical and nanotechnology applications.

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