scholarly journals Standardization of Vyoshadi Saktu a Pathykalpana (Nutritional supplement) in Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Arati Dubewa ◽  
◽  
Medha Kulkarni ◽  
Anupama Dashetwar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tail Flick Latency

Neuropathy and Cardiac complications are the most common trouble in diabetes mellitus with progressive damage due to complex pathogenesis. Many conventional pharmacological agents were withdrawn from clinical studies either due to lack of efficacy or due to side effects on major organs. Over the period of time traditional herbal plants were utilized in the treatment & management of diabetic complications. The aim of the present research work was to investigate efficacy and dynamics of Operculina turpethum root (OT) in STZ induced diabetic neuropathy and cardiac complications. Chronic treatment of crude extract of OT (500 mg/kg) showed positive effect in diabetic animals with significant reduction in blood glucose level, serum nitrite, brain homogenate nitrite & nerve homogenate nitrite levels as compared to diabetic control animals. Treatment with OT showed significant rise in body weight compared to Control animals & polyphagia were observed in diabetic animals persisted throughout the period of 8 weeks. Significant improvement was observed by treatment with OT in behavioural parameters like tail flick latency reduction and rise in pain threshold capacity. Nerve conduction velocity measured through BIOPAC system showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in diabetic animals, while improvement were observed in ECG profile, R-R interval, R wave amplitude, heart rate & cardiac hypertrophy index in diabetic animals when treated with OT. It was concluded from results that there is definite role of Operculina turpethum in the treatment and management of major diabetic complications.

Experimental study on Operculina turpethum in STZ induced diabetic neuropathy, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular complications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Solanki Nilay D ◽  
◽  
Bhavsar Shailesh K Shailesh K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pharmacological Agents

Neuropathy and Cardiac complications are the most common trouble in diabetes mellitus with progressive damage due to complex pathogenesis. Many conventional pharmacological agents were withdrawn from clinical studies either due to lack of efficacy or due to side effects on major organs. Over the period of time traditional herbal plants were utilized in the treatment & management of diabetic complications. The aim of the present research work was to investigate efficacy and dynamics of Operculina turpethum root (OT) in STZ induced diabetic neuropathy and cardiac complications. Chronic treatment of crude extract of OT (500 mg/kg) showed positive effect in diabetic animals with significant reduction in blood glucose level, serum nitrite, brain homogenate nitrite & nerve homogenate nitrite levels as compared to diabetic control animals. Treatment with OT showed significant rise in body weight compared to Control animals & polyphagia were observed in diabetic animals persisted throughout the period of 8 weeks. Significant improvement was observed by treatment with OT in behavioural parameters like tail flick latency reduction and rise in pain threshold capacity. Nerve conduction velocity measured through BIOPAC system showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in diabetic animals, while improvement were observed in ECG profile, R-R interval, R wave amplitude, heart rate & cardiac hypertrophy index in diabetic animals when treated with OT. It was concluded from results that there is definite role of Operculina turpethum in the treatment and management of major diabetic complications.

Vascular surgery: What increases the flow of students to the speciality?

Vascular ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adil A Turki ◽  
Alexander Zargaran ◽  
Aasim Murtaza ◽  
Amal Thomas ◽  
Harry Spiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Vascular Surgeon ◽  
Diverse Range

Objectives Vascular surgery is in increasing demand due to the higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Meanwhile, applications to join the speciality have been in decline in the last few years. St George’s Surgical Society held a one-day conference to expose undergraduates to the speciality in the hope that this will inspire more undergraduates to pursue it as a career. Methods The conference consisted of introductory lectures delivered by a consultant vascular surgeon, followed by practical skills workshops simulating aortic anastomosis on porcine aortas. Pre-course and post-course questionnaires assessed positive and negative perceptions of vascular surgery, knowledge of and self-reported confidence in practical surgical skills and utility of the course in their decision to potentially pursue a career in vascular surgery. Results There was a significant increase of 27% ( p = 0.03) in the positive perception that vascular surgery includes a diverse range of procedures and subspecialties. Attendees reported a 27% significant increase ( p = 0.02) in the perception that vascular surgery had a wide array of opportunity for academic/research work. Finally, there was an 18% decrease ( p = 0.03) in the negative perception that vascular surgery is somehow female-unfriendly or discriminatory against females. There was also a significant rise in both interest (33%) and understanding (73%) of vascular surgery. Conclusions A one-day conference can significantly impact students’ perception especially when there is a lack of exposure within the undergraduate curriculum. This course helped to increase positive perception and dispute negative misconceptions about the speciality. The simulation workshops held at this conference increased students’ confidence and awareness of relevant surgical skills. This conference provided a unique experience that positively impacted and inspired students and thus served as an important supplement to core medical curriculum.

5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Analgesia Induced by Emulsified Sevoflurane in Thermal Nociception but Have Little Effect on Chemical Nociception

Pharmacology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Chen Yan ◽  
Dai Ti-jun ◽  
Li Xin ◽  
Cao Gao ◽  
Jiang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Thermal Nociception ◽  
Tail Flick Latency ◽  
Specific Antagonist ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the analgesic effect of sevoflurane and 5-serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A R) in the spinal cords of mice. Methods: Analgesic mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane, and the influence of p-MPPF (a specific antagonist of 5-HT1A Rs) intrathecal injection on the changes in tail-flick latency in tail-withdrawal test, pain threshold in hot-plate test (HPPT), and writhing times in acetic acid-induced writhing test were recorded. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane alone produced an analgesic effect (p < 0.05). p-MPPF (2, 4, and 8 μg) alone had no impact on tail-flick latency, HPPT, and writhing times in mice (p > 0.05). The 3 doses of p-MPPF reduced the tail-flick latency or HPPT. p-MPPF 8 μg can increase the writhing times (p < 0.05) in analgesic mice with sevoflurane, while p-MPPF 2 and 4 μg did not affect the writhing times. Conclusion: 5-HT1A Rs in the spinal cord may be an important target for the analgesic effect of sevoflurane on the thermal nociception, but it has little relation to the anti-chemical chemical nociceptive effect of sevoflurane.

A Novel Ca2+ Influx Pathway in Mammalian Primary Sensory Neurons Is Activated by Caffeine

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hoesch ◽  
Daniel Weinreich ◽  
Joseph P. Y. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Single-cell microfluorimetry and electrophysiology techniques were used to identify and characterize a novel Ca2+ influx pathway in adult rabbit vagal sensory neurons. Acutely dissociated nodose ganglion neurons (NGNs) exhibit robust Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) that can be triggered by 10 mM caffeine, the classic agonist of CICR. A caffeine-induced increase in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is considered diagnostic evidence of the existence of CICR. However, when CICR was disabled through depletion of intracellular Ca2+stores or pharmacological blockade of intracellular Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors), caffeine still elicited a significant rise in [Ca2+]i in ∼50% of NGNs. The same response was not elicited by pharmacological agents that elevate cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Moreover, extracellular Ca2+ was obligatory for such caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i rises in this population of NGNs, suggesting that Ca2+ influx is responsible for this rise. Simultaneous microfluorimetry with whole cell patch-clamp studies showed that caffeine activates an inward current that temporally parallels the rise in [Ca2+]i. The inward current had a reversal potential of +8.1 ± 6.1 (SE) mV ( n = 4), a mean peak amplitude of −126 ± 24 pA ( n = 4) at E m = −50 mV, and a slope conductance of 1.43 ± 0.79 nS ( n= 4). Estimated EC50 values for caffeine-induced CICR and for caffeine-activated current were 1.5 and ∼0.6 mM, respectively. These results indicate that caffeine-induced rises in [Ca2+]i, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, can no longer be interpreted as unequivocal diagnostic evidence for CICR in neurons. These results also indicate that sensory neurons possess a novel Ca2+ influx pathway.

scholarly journals EXAGGERATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES DUE TO CAFFEINE-NICOTINE CO-ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY IN RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Subhash T. Kumbhar ◽  
Hemant D. Une ◽  
Anagha M. Joshi ◽  
Pralhad B. Wangikar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Severe Tissue

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the toxic effect of simultaneously injected normal doses of caffeine and nicotine in diabetic lab animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was conducted for three weeks in seven rat groups (n=6); viz. first non-diabetic group treated with caffeine (20 mg/kg, ip) twice daily, second with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, ip) twice daily and third with both treatments simultaneously; whereas other three groups treated in the same way but inducing diabetes; and employing the seventh group as diabetic control. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high fatty diet prior for two weeks and a single streptozotocin injection on 1<sup>th</sup> day of study in all diabetic groups. Blood and urine samples were collected weekly to estimate blood parameters. Animals were sacrificed, and organs were collected for histopathology analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most blood parameters showed a rapid increase in diabetes in co-addiction group compared with their single addiction or non-addiction control groups. Caffeine-nicotine co-addiction group showed about 60-80 mg/dl (p&lt;0.05) rise in serum glucose, 15-20 U/l in AST (p&lt;0.01), 80-100 U/l in ALT (p&lt;0.01), 20-30 mg/dl in Urea (p&lt;0.01), 02 mg/dl in creatinine (p&lt;0.05), 12-15 mg/dl (p&lt;0.01) in LDL-C, 6-9 mg/dl in VLDL-C (p&lt;0.01) and 60-90 mg/dl in TC levels (p&lt;0.01) when compared with non-addicted diabetic control. There was a significant reduction in HDL-C (p&lt;0.01) while the less significant rise in triglycerides in the case of co-addiction as compared to non-addiction diabetic control group. Histopathology results exhibited moderate to severe tissue damage in agreement with clinical biochemistry results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nicotine-caffeine co-addiction harms exceptionally more in type 2 diabetes greater than their single addiction or non-addiction.</p>

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ALI RAJPUT ◽  
TABASSUM ZEHRA ◽  
FIZZAH ALI ◽  
GUNESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Pathway Inhibition

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation. Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes. Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes. Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.

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