scholarly journals Exposure to Transit Migration, Public Attitudes and Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevat Giray Aksoy ◽  
Nicolás Ajzenman ◽  
Sergei Guriev
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Travelling Time ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Rule Out

Does exposure to mass migration affect economic behavior, attitudes and beliefs of natives in transit countries? In order to answer this question, we use a unique locality-level panel from the 2010 and 2016 rounds of the Life in Transition Survey and data on the main land routes taken by migrants in 18 European countries during the refugee crisis in 2015. To capture the exogenous variation in natives’ exposure to transit migration, we construct an instrument that is based on the distance of each locality to the optimal routes that minimize travelling time between the main origin and destination cities. We first show that the entrepreneurial activity of natives falls considerably in localities that are more exposed to mass transit migration, compared to those located further away. We then explore the mechanisms and find that our results are likely to be explained by a decrease in the willingness to take risks as well as in the confidence in institutions. We also document an increase in the anti-migrant sentiment while attitudes towards other minorities remained unchanged. We rule out the possibility of out-migration of natives or of trade-related shocks (potentially confounded with the mass-transit migration) affecting our results. Using locality-level luminosity data, we also rule out any effect driven by changes in economic activity. Finally, we find no statistically significant effects on other labor market outcomes, such as unemployment or labor force participation.

scholarly journals Discrimination and the Returns to Cultural Assimilation in the Age of Mass Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Ran Abramitzky ◽  
Leah Boustan ◽  
Katherine Eriksson ◽  
Stephanie Hao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Cultural Assimilation ◽  
Adult Outcomes ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Cues ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Years Of Schooling

We document that, in the early twentieth century, children of immigrants who were given more-foreign first names completed fewer years of schooling, earned less, and married less assimilated spouses. However, we find few differences in the adult outcomes of brothers with more/less foreign-sounding first names. This pattern suggests that the negative association between ethnic names and adult outcomes in this era does not stem from discrimination on the basis of first names but instead reflects household differences associated with cultural assimilation. We cannot rule out discrimination on the basis of other ethnic cues.

scholarly journals Misplaced Women?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Tanja Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Internet Platform ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
In Transit

Misplaced Women? is an ongoing interdisciplinary art project (2009-2017) by Tanja Ostojić that has been conceived as both an internet—platform and a real platform organized in public spaces in the cities across the globe to discuss the issues of migration, displacement, security, privacy, and exposure. It is manifested in a series of performances by the author herself, as well as delegated performances, individual or group performances predominantly by women, and performance workshops conducted by Tanja Ostojić herself. Essentially, the performance score might include unpacking, rummaging and detailed searching of the entire content, pockets, purses, wallets, personal suitcases and bags on sites that are relevant to migration, such as airports, train stations, Western Union Money Transfer services, police stations for foreigners who want to obtain residence permits, etc. Participants performing at authentic locations might repeat similar actions that build upon the basic proposal of the Misplaced Women? concept, i.e. they deal with positions andexperiences of people in transit, migration, and exile.

Transit Migration and Trauma: the Detrimental Effect of Interpersonal Trauma on Syrian Children in Transit in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giordano ◽  
Alessandra Cipolla ◽  
Fausto Ragnoli ◽  
Federico Brajda Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
In Transit

scholarly journals Casting a Wider Net on Ocean NETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cox ◽  
Miranda Boettcher ◽  
Elspeth Spence ◽  
Rob Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Iron Fertilization ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Negative Emission Technologies ◽  
Rule Out

Societal issues involving policies and publics are generally understudied in research on ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies (NETs), yet will be crucial if novel techniques are ever to function at scale. Public attitudes are vital for emerging technologies: publics influence political mandates, help determine the degree of uptake by market actors, and are key to realizing broader ambitions for robust decision-making and responsible incentivization. Discourses surrounding ocean NETs will also have fundamental effects on how governance for the techniques emerges, shaping how they are defined as an object of governance, who is assigned the authority to govern, and what instruments are deemed appropriate. This Perspective brings together key insights on the societal dimensions of ocean NETs, drawing on existing work on public acceptability, policy assessment, governance, and discourse. Ocean iron fertilization is the only ocean NET on which there exists considerable social science research thus far, and we show that much evidence points against its social desirability. Taken in conjunction with considerable natural science uncertainties, this leads us to question whether further research is actually necessary in order to rule out ocean iron fertilization as an option. For other ocean NETs, there is a need for further research into social dimensions, yet research on analogous technologies shows that ocean interventions will likely evoke strong risk perceptions, and evidence suggests that the majority of ocean NETs may face a greater public acceptability challenge than terrestrial NETs. Ocean NETs also raise complex challenges around governance, which pose questions well-beyond the remit of the natural sciences and engineering. Using a conceptual exploration of the ways in which different types of discourse may shape emerging ocean NETs governance, we show that the very idea of ocean NETs is likely to set the stage for a whole new range of contested futures.

scholarly journals The high-energy environment and atmospheric escape of the mini-Neptune K2-18 b

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. L4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. dos Santos ◽  
David Ehrenreich ◽  
Vincent Bourrier ◽  
Nicola Astudillo-Defru ◽  
Xavier Bonfils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Its Region ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Atmospheric Escape ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Imaging Spectrograph ◽  
Rule Out

K2-18 b is a transiting mini-Neptune that orbits a nearby (38 pc), cool M3 dwarf and is located inside its region of temperate irradiation. We report on the search for hydrogen escape from the atmosphere K2-18 b using Lyman-α transit spectroscopy with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. We analyzed the time-series of fluxes of the stellar Lyman-α emission of K2-18 in both its blue- and redshifted wings. We found that the average blueshifted emission of K2-18 decreases by 67% ± 18% during the transit of the planet compared to the pre-transit emission, tentatively indicating the presence of H atoms escaping vigorously and being blown away by radiation pressure. This interpretation is not definitive because it relies on one partial transit. Based on the reconstructed Lyman-α emission of K2-18, we estimate an EUV irradiation in the range 101 − 102 erg s−1 cm−2 and a total escape rate on the order of 108 g s−1. The inferred escape rate suggests that the planet will lose only a small fraction (< 1%) of its mass and retain its volatile-rich atmosphere during its lifetime. More observations are needed to rule out stellar variability effects, confirm the in-transit absorption, and better assess the atmospheric escape and high-energy environment of K2-18 b.

scholarly journals Exposure to Transit Migration, Public Attitudes and Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ajzenman ◽  
Cevat Giray Aksoy ◽  
Sergei Guriev
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Transit Migration

scholarly journals Misplaced Women?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Tanja Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Internet Platform ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transfer Services ◽  
In Transit

Misplaced Women? is an ongoing interdisciplinary art project (2009-2017) by Tanja Ostojić that has been conceived as both an internet—platform and a real platform organized in public spaces in the cities across the globe to discuss the issues of migration, displacement, security, privacy, and exposure. It is manifested in a series of performances by the author herself, as well as delegated performances, individual or group performances predominantly by women, and performance workshops conducted by Tanja Ostojić herself. Essentially, the performance score might include unpacking, rummaging and detailed searching of the entire content, pockets, purses, wallets, personal suitcases and bags on sites that are relevant to migration, such as airports, train stations, Western Union Money Transfer services, police stations for foreigners who want to obtain residence permits, etc. Participants performing at authentic locations might repeat similar actions that build upon the basic proposal of the Misplaced Women? concept, i.e. they deal with positions andexperiences of people in transit, migration, and exile.

scholarly journals Green economy - a promising environment for innovative entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Madina Tulegenova ◽  
Aifer Baimukhametova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Active Life ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Business Behavior ◽  
Irreparable Damage

The process of technological transformation proceeds continuously, embodying new knowledge in new technologies and products. Each of its stages gives rise to a new model of entrepreneurship and human economic behavior. In the course of his active life, man transforms the natural environment to meet his needs. But showing excessive selfishness, he crossed the critical threshold of intervention in wildlife, causing irreparable damage. Industrial technology has accelerated this process. There is a need to change the model of economic and environmental business behavior as the basis for sustainable development. The formation of a new environmental culture begins in the field of education and is implemented in entrepreneurial activity.

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