scholarly journals Abstraction in Archaeological Stratigraphy: a Pyrenean Lineage of Innovation (late 19th-early 21th century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Plutniak
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate System ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Archaeological Objects

Methodological innovations have a special status in disciplinary histories, because they can be widely adopted and anonymised. In the 1950s, this occurred to Georges Laplace’s innovative use of 3-dimensional metric Cartesian coordinate system to record the positions of archaeological objects. This paper proposes a conceptual and social history of this process, with a focus on its spatial context, the Pyrenean region (Spain, Basque Country, and France). Main results of this research based on archives, publications, and bibliometric data, include: 1) a critical discussion of the notions concerning authorship of such methodological innovations; 2) a presentation of the lesser-known aspects of Laplace’s method, showing its contribution to the abstraction and formalisation of archaeological observations and data recording; and 3) the identification of an international Pyrenean intellectual lineage of innovation regarding stratigraphy and excavation methods, from the late 19th century to the early 21th century.

The Evolution of the Cartesian Connection

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Gail M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate System ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Realistic Problem ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate

One of NCTM's ten standards for school mathematics is Representation: “Representations [such as diagrams, graphs, and symbols] should be treated as essential elements in supporting students' understanding of mathematical concepts and relationships; in communicating mathematical approaches, arguments, and understandings to one's self and to others; in recognizing connections among related mathematical concepts; and in applying mathematics to realistic problem situations through modeling” (NCTM 2000, p. 67). In my experience, one of the biggest issues students struggle with is the connection between equations and their graphs (referred to as the “Cartesian connection” in an interesting study by Knuth [2000]). Unfortunately, although students are becoming proficient in using algebraic and graphical representations independently, they often do not make the connection between the two representational formats (Knuth 2000; NCTM 2000; Van Dyke and White 2004). In this article, I will explore the history of the graphical representation of functions and curves, specifically, the development of the Cartesian coordinate system as the most common frame for this graphical representation.

scholarly journals MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH’S REFORMISM: THE MODES OF ITS DISSEMINATION IN PRE-INDEPENDENT MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Hafiz Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) was a prominent scholar, pedagogue, mufti ‘alim, theologian and reformer. Though trained in traditional Islamic knowledge, ‘Abduh, who was influenced by the ideas of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, became discontent with the existing methods of traditional Islamic learning. Based in Egypt, ‘Abduh led the late 19th-century Muslim reform to revitalize some aspects of Islamic doctrine and practice to make them compatible with the modern world. This reformist trend called for the reform of intellectual stagnation, revitalization of the socio-economic and political conditions of the ummah, and to make Islam compatible with modernity. ‘Abduh’s progressive reformism found following in various parts of the Muslim world including the Malay Archipelago. Among those influenced by ‘Abduh in the region were Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin and Abdullah Ahmad in West Sumatra, Syed Sheikh al-Hadi in Malaya, and Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta. Though there is increasing literature on Muslim reformism, few works examine the social history of the transmission of ideas from one part of the Muslim world to another. Thus, this study analyzes how ‘Abduh’s reformism was transmitted to pre-independent Malaysia.

Charles Beasley, Architect (1827-1913): Issues and Images

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Karen J. Weitze
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Central California ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Biographical Study

The biographical study of this central California builder-architect of the late 19th century presents an idiosyncratic slice of ethnic social history, focusing on an architect's reactions to the slavery issue, 1850-1865, and to the controversy of Chinese immigration in California, 1880-1900. The lengthy career-70 years-of an American builder-architect, contributes to our understanding of the profession's middle echelon during the 1845-1915 period. In this regard, James Fergusson's History of Architecture, London, 1873-1876, assumes importance as a pattern book employed by California designers. Beasley's Agricultural Pavilion of 1887 in Stockton pushes back the earliest known date of a "Chinese" design by 20 years. Knowledge of his career raises questions regarding the factual and interpretative history of San Francisco's Chinatown, 1906-1912. This article is based on a documents search, including census records, cemetery files, newspaper archives, photograph collections, and miscellaneous histories and pamphlets. These were supplemented by an interview with the Beasley heirs, written correspondence, work with the Pioneer Museum and Haggin Galleries, and participation in the Stockton Historic Buildings Survey.

Early Cinema in Scotland

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Early Cinema ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Audience

This collection of essays, drawn from a three-year AHRC research project, provides a detailed context for the history of early cinema in Scotland from its inception in 1896 till the arrival of sound in the early 1930s. It details the movement from travelling fairground shows to the establishment of permanent cinemas, and from variety and live entertainment to the dominance of the feature film. It addresses the promotion of cinema as a socially ‘useful’ entertainment, and, distinctively, it considers the early development of cinema in small towns as well as in larger cities. Using local newspapers and other archive sources, it details the evolution and the diversity of the social experience of cinema, both for picture goers and for cinema staff. In production, it examines the early attempts to establish a feature film production sector, with a detailed production history of Rob Roy (United Films, 1911), and it records the importance, both for exhibition and for social history, of ‘local topicals’. It considers the popularity of Scotland as an imaginary location for European and American films, drawing their popularity from the international audience for writers such as Walter Scott and J.M. Barrie and the ubiquity of Scottish popular song. The book concludes with a consideration of the arrival of sound in Scittish cinemas. As an afterpiece, it offers an annotated filmography of Scottish-themed feature films from 1896 to 1927, drawing evidence from synopses and reviews in contemporary trade journals.

The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wetherell
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Question

Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.

The perils and dangers of these knights (and undead peasants): Interpreting English and Scottish Extent Rolls of 1297–1305

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Compte Rendu ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

Medieval Scottish economic and social history has held little interest for a unionist establishment but, just when a recovery of historic independence begins to seem possible, this paper tackles a (perhaps the) key pre-1424 source. It is compared with a Rutland text, in a context of foreign history, both English and continental. The Berwickshire text is not, as was suggested in 2014, a ‘compte rendu’ but rather an ‘extent’, intended to cross-check such accounts. Read alongside the Rutland roll, it is not even a single ‘compte’ but rather a palimpsest of different sources and times: a possibility beyond earlier editorial imaginings. With content falling (largely) within the time-frame of the PoMS project (although not actually included), when the economic history of Scotland in Europe is properly explored, the sources discussed here will be key and will offer an interesting challenge to interpretation. And some surprises about their nature and date.

Editor's Notes

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In this opening issue of volume 31 we are presented with both nuanced and bold entry into several long enduring issues and topics stitching together the interdisciplinary fabric comprising ethnic studies. The authors of these articles bring to our attention social, cultural and economic issues shaping lively discourse in ethnic studies. They also bring to our attention interpretations of the meaning and significance of ethnic cultural contributions to the social history of this nation - past and present.

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