scholarly journals Neurocognitive predictors of self-reported reward responsivity and approach motivation in depression: a data-driven approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kean J. Hsu ◽  
Molly McNamara ◽  
Jason Shumake ◽  
Rochelle Ann Stewart ◽  
Jocelyn Labrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Reward Responsivity

Background: Individual differences in reward-related processes, such as reward responsivity and approach motivation, appear to play a role in the nature and course of depression. Prior work suggests that cognitive biases for valenced information may contribute to these reward processes. Yet there is little work examining how biased attention, processing, and memory for positively- and negatively-valenced information may be associated with reward-related processes in samples with depression symptoms. Methods: We used a data-driven, machine-learning (elastic net) approach to identify the best predictors of self-reported reward-related processes using multiple tasks of attention, processing, and memory for valenced information measured across behavioral, eye tracking, psychophysiological, and computational modeling approaches (N = 202). Participants were adults (ages 18 - 35) who ranged in depression symptom severity from mild to severe. Results: Models predicted between 5.0-12.2% and 9.7-28.0% of held-out test sample variance in approach motivation and reward responsivity, respectively. Low self-referential processing of positively-valenced information was the most robust, albeit modest, predictor of low approach motivation and reward responsivity. Conclusions: Self-referential processing of positive information is the strongest predictor of reward responsivity and approach motivation in a sample ranging from mild to severe depression symptom severity. Experiments are now needed to clarify the causal relationship between self-referential processing of positively-valenced information and reward processes in depression.

scholarly journals The characteristics of anxiety and depression symptom severity in older adults living in public housing

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Simning ◽  
Yeates Conwell ◽  
Susan G. Fisher ◽  
Thomas M. Richardson ◽  
Edwin van Wijngaarden
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Housing Residents

ABSTRACTBackground:Anxiety and depression are common in older adult public housing residents and frequently co-occur. To understand anxiety and depression more fully in this socioeconomically disadvantaged population, this study relies on the Social Antecedent Model of Psychopathology to characterize anxiety and depression symptoms concurrently.Methods:190 public housing residents aged 60 years and older in Rochester, New York, participated in a research interview during which they reported on variables across the six stages of the Social Antecedent Model. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 assessed anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively.Results:In these older adult residents, anxiety and depression symptom severity scores were correlated (r = 0.61; p < 0.001). Correlates of anxiety and depression symptom severity were similar for both outcomes and spanned the six stages of the Social Antecedent Model. Multivariate linear regression models identified age, medical comorbidity, mobility, social support, maladaptive coping, and recent life events severity as statistically significant correlates. The regression models accounted for 43% of anxiety and 48% of depression symptom variability.Conclusions:In public housing residents, late-life anxiety and depression symptoms were moderately correlated. Anxiety symptom severity correlates were largely consistent with those found for depression symptom severity. The broad distribution of correlates across demographic, social, medical, and behavioral domains suggests that the context of late-life anxiety and depression symptomatology in public housing is complex and that multidisciplinary collaborative care approaches may be warranted in future interventions.

Temporal Changes in Depression Symptoms in Male and Female Collegiate Student-Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C. McGuire ◽  
Yvette M. Ingram ◽  
Michael L. Sachs ◽  
Ryan T. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Within Subjects

Depression rates in collegiate student-athletes in the literature are varied and inconclusive, and data have only explored depression symptoms utilizing a crosssectional design. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the temporal course of depression symptoms in student-athletes. Student-athletes (N = 93) from a Division II institution completed six administrations of a brief depression symptom screen once every 2 weeks throughout the fall athletic season. Ten (10.8%) student-athletes’ PHQ-9 surveys were red-flagged for moderate to severe depression symptoms at least once throughout the season. A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction effect for time and sex in depression symptom scores, F(3.69, 335.70) = 10.36, p ≤ .001. The repeated-measures design of this study suggests that there are clinical benefits for screening for depression symptoms in student-athletes at multiple intervals throughout an athletic season.

scholarly journals Association of depression symptom severity with short-term risk of an initial hospital encounter in adults with major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Voelker ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Wenze Tang ◽  
Jinghua He ◽  
Ella Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Initial Hospital

Abstract Background: Despite the availability of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options, depression continues to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. This study evaluated whether depression symptom severity, as measured by PHQ-9 score, of patients diagnosed with MDD is associated with short-term risk of a hospital encounter (ER visit or inpatient stay). Methods: Adults with ≥1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting (index date) and ≥1 MDD diagnosis within 6 months prior were included from the de-identified Optum Electronic Health Record database (April 2016-June 2019). Patients were categorized by depression symptom severity based on PHQ-9 scores obtained by natural language processing. Crude rates, adjusted absolute risks, and adjusted relative risks of all-cause and MDD-related hospital encounters within 30 days following assessment of depression severity were determined.Results: The study population consisted of 280 145 patients with MDD and ≥1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting. Based on PHQ-9 scores, 26.9% of patients were categorized as having none/minimal depression symptom severity, 16.4% as mild, 24.7% as moderate, 19.6% as moderately severe, and 12.5% as severe. Among patients with none/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, the adjusted absolute short-term risks of an initial all-cause hospital encounter were 4.1%, 4.4%, 4.8%, 5.6%, and 6.5%, respectively; MDD-related hospital encounter adjusted absolute risks were 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. Compared to patients with none/minimal depression symptom severity, the adjusted relative risks of an all-cause hospital encounter were 1.60 (95% CI 1.50-1.70) for those with severe, 1.36 (1.29-1.44) for those with moderately severe, 1.18 (1.12-1.25) for those with moderate, and 1.07 (1.00-1.13) for those with mild depression symptom severity. Conclusions: These study findings indicate that depression symptom severity is a key driver of short-term risk of hospital encounters, emphasizing the need for timely interventions that can ameliorate depression symptom severity.

scholarly journals Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B Schure ◽  
Janet C Lindow ◽  
John H Greist ◽  
Paul A Nakonezny ◽  
Sandra J Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Community Population

BACKGROUND Although internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) interventions can reduce depression symptoms, large differences in their effectiveness exist. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an iCBT intervention called Thrive, which was designed to enhance engagement when delivered as a fully automated, stand-alone intervention to a rural community population of adults with depression symptoms. METHODS Using no diagnostic or treatment exclusions, 343 adults with depression symptoms were recruited from communities using an open-access website and randomized 1:1 to the Thrive intervention group or the control group. Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks for the primary outcome of depression symptom severity and secondary outcome measures of anxiety symptoms, work and social adjustment, psychological resilience, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Over the 8-week follow-up period, the intervention group (n=181) had significantly lower depression symptom severity than the control group (n=162; <italic>P</italic>&lt;.001), with a moderate treatment effect size (<italic>d</italic>=0.63). Moderate to near-moderate effect sizes favoring the intervention group were observed for anxiety symptoms (<italic>P</italic>&lt;.001; <italic>d</italic>=0.47), work/social functioning (<italic>P</italic>&lt;.001; <italic>d</italic>=0.39), and resilience (<italic>P</italic>&lt;.001; <italic>d</italic>=0.55). Although not significant, the intervention group was 45% less likely than the control group to experience increased suicidal ideation (odds ratio 0.55). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Thrive intervention was effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptom severity and improving functioning and resilience among a mostly rural community population of US adults. The effect sizes associated with Thrive were generally larger than those of other iCBT interventions delivered as a fully automated, stand-alone intervention. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03244878; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03244878

scholarly journals Association of depression symptom severity with short-term risk of an initial hospital encounter in adults with major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Voelker ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Wenze Tang ◽  
Jinghua He ◽  
Ella Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Initial Hospital

Abstract Background Despite the availability of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options, depression continues to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. This study evaluated whether depression symptom severity, as measured by PHQ-9 score, of patients diagnosed with MDD is associated with short-term risk of a hospital encounter (ER visit or inpatient stay). Methods Adults with ≥1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting (index date) and ≥ 1 MDD diagnosis within 6 months prior were included from the de-identified Optum Electronic Health Record database (April 2016–June 2019). Patients were categorized by depression symptom severity based on PHQ-9 scores obtained by natural language processing. Crude rates, adjusted absolute risks, and adjusted relative risks of all-cause and MDD-related hospital encounters within 30 days following assessment of depression severity were determined. Results The study population consisted of 280,145 patients with MDD and ≥ 1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting. Based on PHQ-9 scores, 26.9% of patients were categorized as having none/minimal depression symptom severity, 16.4% as mild, 24.7% as moderate, 19.6% as moderately severe, and 12.5% as severe. Among patients with none/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, the adjusted absolute short-term risks of an initial all-cause hospital encounter were 4.1, 4.4, 4.8, 5.6, and 6.5%, respectively; MDD-related hospital encounter adjusted absolute risks were 0.8, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, and 2.1%, respectively. Compared to patients with none/minimal depression symptom severity, the adjusted relative risks of an all-cause hospital encounter were 1.60 (95% CI 1.50–1.70) for those with severe, 1.36 (1.29–1.44) for those with moderately severe, 1.18 (1.12–1.25) for those with moderate, and 1.07 (1.00–1.13) for those with mild depression symptom severity. Conclusions These study findings indicate that depression symptom severity is a key driver of short-term risk of hospital encounters, emphasizing the need for timely interventions that can ameliorate depression symptom severity.

Is it chicken or the egg: Obesity, anxiety and depression in hospital workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sema Akkaya Demir ◽  
Rana Nagihan Akder ◽  
Reci Meseri
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers are susceptible to obesity, anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and association of obesity, anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals working in a hospital. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study all of the employees of a hospital were invited to participate (n = 150). Anxiety (via Beck Anxiety Scale) and depression symptoms (via Beck Depression Scale) and obesity were dependent and independent variables. Obesity was determined both with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (Waist circumference-WC). Data were collected with face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with student t-test, chi-square and correlation tests. Significance was set at a p-value <  0.05. RESULTS: Among the participants who agreed to participate (n = 131, 64.1% females), 35.1% were obese and 50.4% were abdominally obese. The 35.9% had moderate-severe anxiety symptoms, 19.1% had moderate-severe depression symptoms. Both BMI and WC had positive, moderate and significant correlation with anxiety and depression scores. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables obesity (both with BMI and WC) was an independent factor for anxiety and depression symptom presence, whereas after adjusted for these variables anxiety and depression symptom presence was an independent factor for obesity and abdominal obesity (p = 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between anxiety, depression and obesity. In addition to nutrition interventions in combating obesity, services that will improve mental health should be provided together as teamwork.

scholarly journals Food insecurity, social networks and symptoms of depression among men and women in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional, population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M Perkins ◽  
Viola N Nyakato ◽  
Bernard Kakuhikire ◽  
Alexander C Tsai ◽  
SV Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between food insecurity and depression symptom severity stratified by sex, and test for evidence of effect modification by social network characteristics.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study. The nine-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale captured food insecurity. Five name generator questions elicited network ties. A sixteen-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression captured depression symptom severity. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between food insecurity and depression symptom severity while adjusting for potential confounders and to test for potential network moderators.SettingIn-home survey interviews in south-western Uganda.SubjectsAll adult residents across eight rural villages; 96 % response rate (n1669).ResultsSevere food insecurity was associated with greater depression symptom severity (b=0·4, 95 % CI 0·3, 0·5,P<0·001 for women;b=0·3, 95 % CI 0·2, 0·4,P<0·001 for men). There was no evidence of effect modification by social network factors for women. However, for men who are highly embedded within in their village social network, and (separately) for men who have few poor contacts in their personal network, the relationship between severe food insecurity and depression symptoms was stronger than for men on the periphery of their village social network, and for men with many poor personal network contacts, respectively.ConclusionsIn this population-based study from rural Uganda, food insecurity was associated with mental health for both men and women. Future research is needed on networks and food insecurity-related shame in relation to depression symptoms among food-insecure men.

scholarly journals Association between negative cognitive bias and depression: A symptom-level approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G Beevers ◽  
Michael C Mullarkey ◽  
Justin Dainer-Best ◽  
Rochelle A Stewart ◽  
Jocelyn Labrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Symptom Predictors ◽  
Variance Explained

Cognitive models of depression posit that negatively biased self-referent processing and attention have important roles in the disorder. However, depression is a heterogeneous collection of symptoms and it is unlikely that all symptoms are associated with these negative cognitive biases. The current study involved 218 community adults whose depression ranged from no symptoms to clinical levels of depression. Random forest machine learning was used to identifythe most important depression symptom predictors of each negative cognitive bias. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory – II. Performance of models was evaluated using predictive R-squared (𝑅2 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑), the expected variance explained in data not used to train the algorithm, estimated by 10 repetitions of 10-fold cross-validation. Using the Self- Referent Encoding Task (SRET), depression symptoms explained 34% to 45% of the variance in negative self-referent processing. The symptoms of sadness, self-dislike, pessimism, feelings of punishment, and indecision were most important. Notably, many depression symptoms made virtually no contribution to this prediction. In contrast, for attention bias for sad stimuli, measured with the dot-probe task using behavioral reaction time and eye gaze metrics, no reliable symptom predictors were identified. Findings indicate that a symptom-level approach may provide new insights into which symptoms, if any, are associated with negative cognitive biases in depression. General Scientific Summary: This study finds that many symptoms of depression are not strongly associated with thinking negatively about oneself or attending to negative information. This implies that negative cognitive biases may not be strongly associated with depression per se, but may instead contribute to the maintenance of specific depression symptoms, such as sadness, self-dislike, pessimism, feelings of punishment, and indecision.

scholarly journals Use of a Fully Automated Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in a Community Population of Adults With Depression Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/14754 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e14754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B Schure ◽  
Janet C Lindow ◽  
John H Greist ◽  
Paul A Nakonezny ◽  
Sandra J Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Community Population

Background Although internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) interventions can reduce depression symptoms, large differences in their effectiveness exist. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an iCBT intervention called Thrive, which was designed to enhance engagement when delivered as a fully automated, stand-alone intervention to a rural community population of adults with depression symptoms. Methods Using no diagnostic or treatment exclusions, 343 adults with depression symptoms were recruited from communities using an open-access website and randomized 1:1 to the Thrive intervention group or the control group. Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks for the primary outcome of depression symptom severity and secondary outcome measures of anxiety symptoms, work and social adjustment, psychological resilience, and suicidal ideation. Results Over the 8-week follow-up period, the intervention group (n=181) had significantly lower depression symptom severity than the control group (n=162; P<.001), with a moderate treatment effect size (d=0.63). Moderate to near-moderate effect sizes favoring the intervention group were observed for anxiety symptoms (P<.001; d=0.47), work/social functioning (P<.001; d=0.39), and resilience (P<.001; d=0.55). Although not significant, the intervention group was 45% less likely than the control group to experience increased suicidal ideation (odds ratio 0.55). Conclusions These findings suggest that the Thrive intervention was effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptom severity and improving functioning and resilience among a mostly rural community population of US adults. The effect sizes associated with Thrive were generally larger than those of other iCBT interventions delivered as a fully automated, stand-alone intervention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03244878; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03244878

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Various Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: Applying Mixed Models to the PRAMS Dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janace J. Gifford ◽  
Jenna R. Pluchino ◽  
Rebecca Della Valle ◽  
Jaclyn M. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Depression Diagnosis ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between various risk factors with postpartum depression severity using a large dataset that included variables such as previous mental health status, social factors, societal factors, health care access, and other state-wide or region-specific variables.Methods: We obtained the most recently available (2016–2017) dataset from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), which is a dataset compiled by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that collects state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy from over 73,000 women in 39 states. We utilized a hierarchical linear model to analyze the data across various levels, with a symptom severity scale (0–8) as the dependent variable.Results: Of the 21 variables included in the final model, nine variables were statistically significant predictors of symptom severity. Statistically significant predictors of increased postpartum depression symptom severity included previous depression diagnosis and depression symptoms during pregnancy, baby not residing with mother, unintentional pregnancy, women with less than a high school degree and more than a college degree, Women Infants Children (WIC) enrollment, and married women. In contrast to these other factors, attendance at a postpartum follow up appointment was associated with significantly increased symptom severity. Age revealed an inverted curve in predicting postpartum symptom severity.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in symptom severity scores across the 39 participating states. Most notably, postpartum depression symptom severity was associated with previous depression diagnosis and previous symptom severity, but our results also reveal novel social and education factors that contribute to the support and well-being of the mother and child.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document