scholarly journals Mutual relationships between the levels and changes in interest, self-efficacy, and perceived difficulty during a task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Nuutila ◽  
Anna Tapola ◽  
Heta Tuominen ◽  
Gyöngyvér Molnár ◽  
Markku Niemivirta
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Distinctive Role ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This study examined how students’ interest, self-efficacy, and perceived difficulty change during a task, how those changes relate to each other, and how they predict performance. Sixth-graders (N = 1024) rated their interest, self-efficacy, and perceived difficulty repeatedly during a dynamic problem-solving task. Results from the estimated non-linear and piecewise latent growth curve models showed interest and self-efficacy to decrease, and perceived difficulty first to increase, and then to decrease, over time. The levels of and changes in interest and self-efficacy correlated positively with each other, but negatively with perceived difficulty. Task performance was positively predicted by initial interest and less negative change in self-efficacy, and negatively by initial perceived difficulty and steeper increase in it. The results suggest perceived difficulty to have a distinctive role in the dynamics of task-specific motivation, and on-task changes to be relatively independent of more general motivation and competence.

Self-Efficacy, Interest, and Task Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Niemivirta ◽  
Anna Tapola
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine how possible changes in self-efficacy and interest during a task relate to each other and whether such changes independently predict overall task performance. To achieve this, the participants, one hundred ninth-grade students, were repetitively asked to rate their efficacy judgments and interest while they were working on a complex problem-solving task. The results from a series of latent growth curve models showed a significant overall increase in students' self-efficacy during the task. Changes in interest and self-efficacy were positively correlated, and, after controlling for the effects of prior mathematics achievement, both the initial level of self-efficacy and the rate of change in interest independently predicted final task performance.

scholarly journals The Mindful Adolescent: Developmental Changes in Nonreactivity to Inner Experiences during the Transition to High School, and Relations to Stress and Positive Affect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Galla ◽  
Eli Tsukayama ◽  
Daeun Park ◽  
Alisa Yu ◽  
Angela Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models

Little is known about the naturalistic development of mindfulness in adolescence, and whether changes in this mental faculty are associated with perceived stress and emotional well-being. The current longitudinal study examined the development of one dimension of mindfulness, nonreactivity to inner experience, in a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample (N = 1,657) during the transition from middle school to high school. Students participated in up to four assessment waves, from fall of 8th grade through spring of 9th grade, during which they completed self-report measures assessing nonreactivity, perceived stress, and positive affect. Latent growth curve models indicated that levels of nonreactivity increased linearly during the two-year study period. Developmental change in nonreactivity varied minimally by gender, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. Parallel process latent growth curve models showed that changes in nonreactivity were associated with concomitant reductions in perceived stress and increases in positive affect. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that within-person nonreactivity prospectively predicted changes in perceived stress and positive affect. This is the first study to track naturalistic developmental change in mindfulness during adolescence. Results suggest that the nonreactivity dimension of mindfulness may boost resilience during the transition from middle school to high school.

scholarly journals Bayesian Power Equivalence in Latent Growth Curve Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Stefan ◽  
Timo von Oertzen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Design Factors

Longitudinal studies are the gold standard for research on time-dependentphenomena in the social sciences. However, they often entail high costs dueto multiple measurement occasions and a long overall study duration. It istherefore useful to optimize these design factors while maintaining a highinformativeness of the design. Von Oertzen and Brandmaier (2013) appliedpower equivalence to show that Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs)with different design factors can have the same power for likelihood-ratiotests on the latent structure. In this paper, we show that the notion ofpower equivalence can be extended to Bayesian hypothesis tests of the latentstructure constants. Specifically, we show that the results of a Bayes FactorDesign Analysis (BFDA; Schönbrodt & Wagenmakers, 2018) of two powerequivalent LGCMs are equivalent. This will be useful for researchers whoaim to plan for compelling evidence instead of frequentist power and providesa contribution towards more efficient procedures for BFDA.

scholarly journals CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE PREDICTS LIFESPAN HEALTH INTO LATE ADULTHOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S351-S351
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Turiano ◽  
Nicholas A Turiano ◽  
Kate A Leger ◽  
Patrick L Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
Midlife Development

Abstract Childhood misfortune encompasses a diverse set of negative early life experiences that have damaging effects on lifespan development. We extended this topic by examining how early life misfortunes predicted changes in measures of physical functioning (FUNC) and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood (ages 25-75). We used 3-wave data (N = 6,000) from the Midlife Development in the U.S. study across 20 years. Unconditional latent growth curve models (adjusting for age, sex, education) suggested significant (p < .05) mean-level change and variability in change for FUNC (Int = 1.47; Slope = 0.24) and BMI (Int = 26.71; Slope = 0.90). Higher levels of childhood misfortune (e.g., abuse, financial strain) significantly predicted worse FUNC (Int = 0.05; Slope = 0.02) and higher BMIs (Int = 0.24; Slope = 0.07) at baseline and steeper increases over time. Findings underscore the need to address adult health problems that emerge much earlier in life.

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