scholarly journals Citizens of the world: National stereotypes do not affect empathic response in the presence of individuating information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MohammadHasan Sharifian ◽  
Javad Hatami ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Fathian Boroujeni
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Empathic Response ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The World ◽  
National Stereotypes

Stereotyping is defined as generalising an attribute to a whole group and overlooking individual differences. In this study, we investigated whether Iranians' stereotypes of nations affected their empathy for the citizens of those nations. First, in a pilot study we explored common national stereotypes by using the stereotype content model (SCM) based on which six countries with different perceived warmth and competence scores were selected as nationalities of the protagonists of the vignettes in our experiment. In the next phase, 21 participants were asked to rate the degree of sadness associated with each vignette in an fMRI scanner. The results showed no significant differences in brain activity while participants were exposed to scenarios in which negative events befell people from different nations. This may be due to the individuation of victims by providing personal information about them.

scholarly journals Citizens of the world: National stereotypes do not affect empathic response in the presence of individuating information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MohammadHasan Sharifian ◽  
Javad Hatami ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Fathian Boroujeni
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Response ◽  
The World ◽  
National Stereotypes ◽  
Individuating Information

scholarly journals Stereotypes of Social Groups in Mainland China in Terms of Warmth and Competence: Evidence from a Large Undergraduate Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Zouhui Ji ◽  
Yaping Yang ◽  
Xinfang Fan ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Word List ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has been validated in multiple countries and regions. However, previous validation studies in China have been limited by small sample size. The current research increased the sample size (n = 184 in the pilot study; n1 = 1315 and n2 = 268 in the formal study) to validate the SCM in mainland China in study 1. Supporting the SCM, 41 social groups were clustered into four quadrants based on warmth and competence dimensions. 35 of the 41 target groups (85.37%) receive ambivalent stereotype. Perceived warmth and competence were positively correlated (r = 0.585, p < 0.001). Status and competence were positively related (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), and competition and warmth were negatively related (r = −0.77, p < 0.001). In addition, 24 typical social groups were selected and a list of stereotype words for these groups was developed in study 2 (n1 = 48, n2 = 52). The implications of the emerging social groups and the applications of this stereotype word list are discussed.

scholarly journals Stereotypes of social groups in mainland China in terms of warmth and competence: Evidence from a large undergraduate sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhui Ji ◽  
Qing-Wei Chen ◽  
Xinfang Fan ◽  
徐强 ◽  
杨亚平
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Formal Study ◽  
Stereotype Content

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) has been validated in multiple countries and regions. However, the previous validation studies in China were limited by small sample size. The current research enlarged sample size (n = 184 in pilot study and n = 1315 in formal study) to validate SCM in mainland China. Supporting the SCM, 41 social groups were clustered into four quadrants based on warmth and component dimensions. In addition, 24 typical social groups were selected and a list of stereotype words for these groups was developed. The implications of the emerging social groups and the applications of this stereotype words list were discussed.

Belief Systems and Attitudes toward the Workplace

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1143
Author(s):  
O. J. Harvey ◽  
Joseph B. Juhasz ◽  
George H. Griffin ◽  
Edward J. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Workplace Issues ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Stages

Belief systems as discussed by Harvey and colleagues provide a summary description of individual differences across a variety of psychological characteristics in combination with people's assumptions as to how the world operates. Here we provide a brief report as to how individuals' belief systems related to their attitudes toward workplace issues which were defined in the course of the study. The data on which these conclusions were based were collected in two stages of a pilot study. The second stage used a refinement of the inventory which measured attitudes toward the workplace in the first stage, both stages used the same inventory for measuring belief systems. People with different belief systems had divergent concerns in the workplace. The most prominent finding was that “cynics” tend to express negative attitudes toward the same issues which “extrapersonalists” (who are more likely to be managers) tend to favor.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

Stereotypes of Social Groups in Germany in Terms of Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Asbrock
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
German Student ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
Relevant Social Groups

The stereotype content model says that warmth and competence are fundamental dimensions of social judgment. This brief report analyzes the cultural stereotypes of relevant social groups in a German student sample (N = 82). In support of the model, stereotypes of 29 societal groups led to five stable clusters of differing warmth and competence evaluations. As expected, clusters cover all four possible combinations of warmth and competence. The study also reports unique findings for the German context, for example, similarities between the perceptions of Turks and other foreigners. Moreover, it points to different stereotypes of lesbians and gay men.

scholarly journals Just world beliefs, personal success and beliefs in conspiracy theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Just World Beliefs ◽  
Just World ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Ideology ◽  
Personal Success

AbstractDo those who believe in conspiracy theories feel less happy and healthy than others? Do they believe the world is simply unjust? This study was concerned with how demographic factors, personal ratings of success, personal ideology (political and religious beliefs) and Just World Beliefs are related to Conspiracy Theories. In total, 406 participants completed two questionnaires: Just World scale (Rubin & Peplau, 1975) and Conspiracy Theories Inventory (Swami et al., 2010) and provided various personal details. The Just World Scale yielded two scores: Just and Unjust beliefs. Participants also reported on their health, happiness and success and a reliable composite measure of well-being was computed. A regression showed younger males, with Unjust World beliefs and politically right-wing views, were more likely to endorse Conspiracy Theories. The discussion revolved around explaining individual differences in accepting these theories. Implications and limitations are discussed.

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