scholarly journals Sexual and other forms of violence During the COVID-19 pandemic emergency in Kenya: Patterns of Violence and Impacts on Women and Girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D Flowe ◽  
Sarah Rockowitz ◽  
James Rockey ◽  
Wangu Kanja ◽  
CATHERINE KAMAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Emergency Measures

This research report explores the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in Kenya. The research entailed conducting interviews across the 47 counties of Kenya, including in informal settlements, to document sexual violence and other violations of adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research findings suggest three main impacts of the COVID-19 emergency on SGBV: 1. Emergency measures are exacerbating the vulnerability of children and women; The socio-economic impact of the crisis has increased tensions within households, with reports of physical violence and increased homelessness for women; and 3. Vulnerability to violence has been amplified across the population as a whole according to reports by human rights actors, with there being numerous incidents of death and injuries caused by the police while enforcing the COVID-19 emergency measures put into place. Policy recommendations are offered.

scholarly journals Sexual and Other Forms of Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D Flowe ◽  
Sarah Rockowitz ◽  
James Rockey ◽  
Wangu Kanja ◽  
CATHERINE KAMAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Emergency Measures

This research report explores the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in Kenya. The research entailed conducting interviews across the 47 counties of Kenya, including in informal settlements, to document sexual violence and other violations of adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. There have been 6,366 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 148 deaths in Kenya as of June 30, 2020. The Kenyan government implemented emergency measures in the wake of COVID-19 that included a nightly dusk-to-dawn curfew, school closures, and restrictions to road, rail, and air movements, as examples. The research was prompted by concerns raised by SGBV and human rights organisations that the COVID-19 crisis is exacerbating women and girls’ vulnerability to SGBV and preventing their access to life-saving services. The research findings suggest three main impacts of the COVID-19 emergency on SGBV: 1. Emergency measures are exacerbating the vulnerability of children and women; 2. The socio-economic impact of the crisis has increased tensions within households, with reports of physical violence and increased homelessness for women; and 3. Vulnerability to violence has been amplified across the population as a whole according to reports by human rights actors, with there being numerous incidents of death and injuries caused by the police while enforcing the COVID-19 emergency measures put into place. We offer policy recommendations based on our findings.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF WOMEN ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN NSUKKA, ENUGU STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Oliver Eya ◽  
◽  
Adaoga Obuna ◽  
Grace Odinye ◽  
Christy Obi-Keguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Sexual and gender issues have been a problem in Africa and in Nigeria in particular where females were considered less important than their male counterparts in their families, cooperatives, businesses, academic matters among others. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is deeply rooted in many cultural and traditional values. It is regarded as a normal attitude, remains hidden and tacitly condoned. It has devastating health impacts on the women, as women are mostly controlled and dominated by their partners in a relationship and must never complain of sexual harassment and in the case of childlessness; the woman must accept it as her fault. This study was located in Nsukka Local Government area of Enugu State. A cross sectional survey of 200 study participants was conducted. The instruments used for data collection were structured 194 questionnaire and6 in-depth interview guide. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequency distribution tables and chi-square (χ²) for hypotheses. The findings from the study stated that sexual/psychological, physical violence and preference of male child are the major forms of GBV in Nsukka, Enugu State. Majority of the respondents (55.7%) indicated that Spiritual manipulation and illiteracy/ignorance are the major causes of GBV. The study also concluded and recommended that mass sensitization/awareness, empowerment, advocacy by social workers, through domestication of the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), will help curb GBV as indicated by 42.7% of the respondents.

Male and Female Perceptions and Experiences of Sexual and Gender-based Violence in South Kivu, Eastern DRC

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098330
Author(s):  
Elyse J. Thulin ◽  
Andrew Lustig ◽  
Violette Perrotte ◽  
Marx Lwabanya ◽  
Tyler Evans
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
South Kivu ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Conflict settings are often the context of some of the highest rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Although women are disproportionately the victims of SGBV, they are not the only victims. Indirect impacts of SGBV also impact men, families, and communities. Examining SGBV as only a woman’s concern reinforces the hegemonic gender-binary view that SGBV somehow does not include men, who can be direct victims of SGBV, family members of female victims of SGBV, and/or perpetrators of SGBV. This qualitative study seeks to fill a gap by exploring the impact of SGBV on individuals, families, and communities, and potential options to ameliorate those issues. Data were collected in 2019 from community-based discussions in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Women described being direct victims of SGBV, as well as the burden of being at constant alert to the possible threat of violence. Men talked more about SGBV being perpetrated against women, and the indirect effect on men’s perception of their social husband and/or father role to protect and provide for their family. Taken together, women and men describe three types of violence: sexual violence by an unknown assailant who is often associated the rebel groups or the military; sexual violence from a known assailant within one’s community; and sexual or physical violence within intimate partnerships (i.e., intimate partner violence). Women focused more on community-based solutions to reduce their exposure to violence, while men discussed the government’s responsibility to end the long-standing conflict that has severely disrupted lives. Practically, these findings support the need to specify different types of SGBV, and the opportunity to tailor interventions by type.

scholarly journals Educational Value of Johan Vincent Galtung’s Conflict Resolution in Reducing Gender Issues Based Violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-350
Author(s):  
Limas Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Cultural Violence ◽  
Peace Activist ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This article will explore the educational value of Johan Vincent Galtung's thoughts on conflict resolution that he offers in breaking down gender-based violence. As many people already know that gender issues are very closely related to discussions about violence. Apart from direct violence, Galtung emphasized another form of violence, namely structural violence, which was not carried out by individuals but hidden in smaller and wider structures. Penetration, segmentation, marginalization and fragmentation, as part of exploitation are reinforcing components in structures that function to block formation and mobility from struggling against exploitation. Johan Galtung's thinking is in line with the thinking of radical feminists. Galtung claims patriarchy as direct, structural and cultural violence. Patriarchy creates a dichotomy between public and private roles, productive and reproductive, which forms an unequal power relations between men and women. As a peace activist, the educational value of conflict resolution offered by Galtung was considered quite wise. Violence is not only done by men, but also by women. According to him, what should be hated is patriarchy, not men. Various forms of violence can be eradicated and replaced with peace. If everyone agrees not to commit physical violence, in which there is gender based violence, then everyone will also get peace. سوف تستكشف هذه المقالة قيمة التعليم عند أفكار جوهان فنسنت غالتونغ Johan Vincent Galtung حول حل النزاعات التي يقدمها في كسر العنف القائم على النوع الاجتماعي. كما يعلم الكثير من الناس بالفعل أن قضايا النوع مرتبطة ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالمناقشات حول العنف. وبصرف النظر عن العنف المباشر ، أكد غالتونغ على شكل آخر من أشكال العنف ، ألا وهو العنف الهيكلي ، الذي لم يقم به أفراد ولكنه كان مخبأ في هياكل أصغر وأوسع. ويؤدي الاختراق والتجزئة والتهميش والتجزؤ ، كجزء من الاستغلال ، إلى تعزيز العناصر في الهياكل التي تعمل على منع التكوين والحركة من النضال ضد الاستغلال. يكمن تفكير جوهان غالتونغ في تفكير النسويين المتطرفين. يدعي غالتونغ أن الأبوية هي عنف مباشر وهيكلي وثقافي. يخلق النظام الأبوي انقسامًا بين الأدوار العامة والخاصة ، الإنتاجية والإنجابية ، التي تشكل علاقات قوة غير متكافئة بين الرجال والنساء. بصفتها ناشطة سلام ، اعتبرت قيمة التعليم لحل النزاعات التي قدمها غالتونغ من الحكمة. العنف لا يتم فقط من قبل الرجال ، ولكن أيضا من قبل النساء. وفقا له ، ما ينبغي أن يكره هو الأبوية ، وليس الرجال. يمكن القضاء على أشكال العنف المختلفة واستبدالها بالسلام. إذا وافق الجميع على عدم ارتكاب العنف الجسدي ، حيث يوجد عنف قائم على نوع الجنس ، فسوف يحصل الجميع أيضًا على السلام. Artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi nilai edukasi pemikiran Johan Vincent Galtung tentang resolusi konflik yang ia tawarkan dalam mengurai kekerasan berbasis gender. Sebagaimana yang telah diketahui banyak orang bahwa isu gender sangat lekat dengan pembahasan mengenai kekerasan. Selain kekerasan langsung, Galtung menekankan bentuk lain dari kekerasan, yaitu kekerasan struktural, yang tidak dilakukan oleh individu tetapi tersembunyi dalam struktur yang lebih kecil maupun lebih luas. Penetrasi, segmentasi, marginalisasi dan fragmentasi, sebagai bagian dari eksploitasi merupakan komponen penguat dalam struktur yang berfungsi menghalangi formasi dan mobilitas untuk berjuang melawan eksploitasi. Pemikiran Johan Galtung sejalan dengan pemikiran kaum feminis radikal. Galtung mengklaim patriarki sebagai kekerasan langsung, struktural dan kultural. Patriarki membuat dikotomi antara peran publik dan privat, produktif dan reproduktif, yang membentuk relasi kuasa yang timpang antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebagai seorang aktifis perdamaian, nilai edukasi resolusi konflik yang ditawarkan oleh Galtung dirasa cukup bijak. Kekerasan bukan semata-mata dilakukan oleh laki-laki, tetapi juga perempuan. Menurutnya yang harusnya dibenci adalah patriarki, dan bukannya laki-laki. Beragam bentuk kekerasan bisa dihapuskan dan digantikan dengan perdamaian. Jika semua orang sepakat tidak melakukan kekerasan fisik, yang di dalamnya ada kekerasan berbasis gender, maka semua orang juga akan mendapatkan perdamaian.

scholarly journals Structural and Symbolic Violence Exacerbates the Risks and Consequences of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence for Forced Migrant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Hourani ◽  
Karen Block ◽  
Jenny Phillimore ◽  
Hannah Bradby ◽  
Saime Ozcurumez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Settings ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Forms Of Violence

While much attention is focused on rape as a weapon of war, evidence shows that forced migrant women and girls face increased risks of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) both during and following forced displacement. In this paper, we argue that gendered forms of structural and symbolic violence enable and compound the harms caused by interpersonal SGBV against forced migrant women and girls. These forms of violence are encountered in multiple contexts, including conflict and post-conflict settings, countries of refuge, and following resettlement. This paper illustrates the consequences of resultant cumulative harms for individuals and communities, and highlights the importance of considering these multiple, intersecting harms for policy and practice.

Feminist Activism and YPAR: Privileged Girls Interrupt Rape Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097881
Author(s):  
Amira Proweller ◽  
Beth S. Catlett ◽  
Sonya Crabtree-Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Rape Culture ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This research focuses on a community-based project that foregrounds youth-led participatory action research with privileged youth. The youth’s work involved interrogation of, and resistance strategies for, rape culture. Research findings demonstrate that youth came to see that rape culture has deep roots and disrupting it depends on naming its reality within their lives and its systemic foundations. Building on these emergent understandings, the youth took steps to educate their community about rape culture and gender-based violence, and the consequences of leaving it unexamined. They also created strategies to transform rape culture and facilitate social change within their own community.

Everyday genocide: femicide, transicide and the responsibility to protect

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Standish
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Genocide Convention ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual connection between gender-based violence (GBV) and genocide. Victims of gendercide, such as femicide and transicide, should be eligible for protections assigned to victims of genocide, including the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Design/methodology/approach This study examines genocide, gendercide, femicide, transicide and the R2P doctrine to formulate a platform of engagement from which to argue the alignment and congruence of genocide with gendercide. Using a content analysis of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees definition of GBV, and Article II of the Genocide Convention (GC) five “directive” facets are examined, namely, identity, physical violence, psychological violence, oppressive violence and repressive violence. Findings Expressions of physical violence, psychological violence, oppressive violence and repressive violence reflected similarity, whereas the GCs omit sex and gender as facets of identity group inclusion. The only variation is the encapsulation of identity factors included in the acts of harm. Practical implications The elevation of gendercide to the status of genocide would permit us the leverage to make it not only illegal to permit gendercide – internationally or in-country – but make it illegal not to intervene, too. Social implications Deliberate harm based on sex and gender are crimes against people because of their real or perceived group membership, and as such, should be included in genocide theory and prevention. Originality/value This study explores a new conceptual basis for addressing gendercidal violence nationally to include sex and gender victim groups typically excluded from formal parameters of inclusion and address due to limitations in Article II. The analysis of genocide alongside GBV may inform scholars and activists in the aim to end gendered violence.

scholarly journals Sporting Women and Social Media: Sexualization, Misogyny, and Gender-Based Violence in Online Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kavanagh ◽  
Chelsea Litchfield ◽  
Jaquelyn Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This study investigated gender-based violence targeting high-profile women in virtual environments through the case of women’s tennis. Using a netnographic approach and the lens of third-wave feminism, 2 popular social media platforms (Facebook and Twitter) were analyzed to examine social commentary and fan interaction surrounding the top-5-seeded female tennis players during the Wimbledon Tennis Championships. Athletes were exposed to violent interactions in a number of ways. Four themes were identified through data analysis: threats of physical violence, sexualization that focused on the female physical appearance, sexualization that expressed desire and/or proposed physical or sexual contact, and sexualization that was vile, explicit, and threateningly violent in a sexual or misogynistic manner. Findings demonstrate how social media provides a space for unregulated gender-based cyberhate targeting high-profile women in their workplace in a way that traditional sport media does not.

scholarly journals Women working at university restaurants: life and work conditions and gender-based violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1024
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Maxima Pereira Venancio ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aimed to understand the social production and reproduction processes of women working at university restaurants and the occurrence and the magnitude of gender-based violence committed against them by their intimate partners. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis categories used were social production and reproduction, gender and gender-based violence. The interviewees held a subordinate social position during the productive and reproductive periods of their lives. Approximately 70% reported having experienced gender-based violence from an intimate partner (66% psychological violence, 36.3% physical violence and 28.6% sexual violence). Most of the health problems resulting from violence were related to mental health. The results indicate that the situation requires immediate interventions, mostly guided by the instrumentalization of these women and the support by the state and the university as appropriate to address violence.

Photos from the Quarter

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Keyword(s):  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Israeli Occupation

This sample of photos from 16 August–15 November 2019 aims to convey a sense of Palestinian life during this quarter. The images capture Palestinians across the diaspora as they fight to exercise their rights: to run for office, to vote, and to protest both Israeli occupation and gender-based violence.

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