scholarly journals Selective neuromodulation and mutual inhibition within the CA3-CA2 system can prioritize sequences for replay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Stöber ◽  
Andrew B. Lehr ◽  
Torkel Hafting ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Marianne Fyhn
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Assembly Sequences ◽  
The Way

To make optimal use of previous experiences, important neural activity sequences must be prioritized during hippocampal replay. Integrating insights about the interplay between CA3 and CA2, we propose a conceptual framework that allows the two regions to control which sequences are reactivated. We show that neuromodulatory-gated plasticity and mutual inhibition enable discrete assembly sequences in both regions to support each other while suppressing competing sequences. This perspective provides a coherent interpretation for a variety of seemingly disconnected functional properties of CA2 and paves the way for a more general understanding of CA2.

scholarly journals Why we see things the way we do: evidence for a wholly empirical strategy of vision

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1407) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Purves ◽  
R. Beau Lotto ◽  
S. Mark Williams ◽  
Surajit Nundy ◽  
Zhiyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Operational Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli ◽  
The Way

Many otherwise puzzling aspects of the way we see brightness, colour, orientation and motion can be understood in wholly empirical terms. The evidence reviewed here leads to the conclusion that visual percepts are based on patterns of reflex neural activity shaped entirely by the past success (or failure) of visually guided behaviour in response to the same or a similar retinal stimulus. As a result, the images we see accord with what the sources of the stimuli have typically turned out to be, rather than with the physical properties of the relevant objects. If vision does indeed depend upon this operational strategy to generate optimally useful perceptions of inevitably ambiguous stimuli, then the underlying neurobiological processes will eventually need to be understood within this conceptual framework.

Corporate Reorganization Law and Forces of Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Corporate Reorganization ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

This book is concerned with the way in which forces of change, from the fields of finance and non-financial corporates, cause participants in the corporate reorganization process to adapt the ways in which they mobilize corporate reorganization law. It argues that scholars, practitioners, judges, and the legislature must all take care to connect their conceptual frameworks to the specific adaptations which emerge from this process of change. It further argues that this need to connect theoretical and policy concepts with practical adaptations has posed particular challenges when US corporate reorganization law has been under examination in the decade since the financial crisis. At the same time, the book suggests that English scholars, practitioners, judges, and the legislature have been more successful, over the course of the past ten years, in choosing concepts to frame their analysis which are sensitive to the ways in which corporate reorganization law is currently used. Nonetheless, it suggests that new problems may be on the horizon for English corporate reorganization lawyers in adapting their conceptual framework in the decades to come.

Inferences are just folk psychology

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Metzinger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Causal Contribution ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Plausible Theory

To speak of “inferences,” “interpretations,” and so forth is just folk psychology. It creates new homunculi, and it is also implausible from a purely phenomenological perspective. Phenomenal volition must be described in the conceptual framework of an empirically plausible theory of mental representation. It is a non sequitur to conclude from dissociability that the functional properties determining phenomenal volition never make a causal contribution.

scholarly journals A Model for understanding supply chain networks

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Brito ◽  
Catarina Roseira
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Organisational performance tends to be highly dependent on suppliers' actions and on the way the relationships with them are managed by the buying company. Researchers have conducted extensive and valuable studies on the impact of supplier relationships in a network context. However, some important issues regarding supply management and its effects on the strategy of the buying firm have not been fully investigated. This article presents a model of supply chain networks developed on the basis of the conceptual framework of the IMP group. The aim is to contribute toward a better understanding of supply management through the integration of both relational, portfolio and network issues.

scholarly journals Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in Cyber Security Domain: Analyzing Pakistan's Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Syeda Sundus Anwar ◽  
Tughral Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

A clear lack of Civil-Military Cooperation is evident in the field of national cybersecurity policy. For a country such as Pakistan with fractious political, cultural, and diverse ethnic identities and ideological characteristics, an unguarded cyber domain can add to the existing rifts. In light of these challenges, Pakistan needs to create a national cybersecurity policy and strategy incorporating both civil and military concerns. The aim of this research paper is to find out a conceptual framework of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in the realm of cybersecurity. This study has used open-ended semistructured interviews to find out the way forward and the hindrances in civil-military cooperation to create a robust national cybersecurity regime. For an effective national cybersecurity policy, synergy has to be created between the civil and military sectors. The military should not only have the necessary cybersecurity expertise, but it should also organize cyber-drills incorporating all stakeholders.

Why Cities and Health?

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine K. Ettman ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Causal Thinking ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Improve Health ◽  
The Way

Urban health is concerned with understanding how features of cities influence the health of urban populations, thus pointing the way to interventions that can improve health. An understanding of urban health requires a grounding in the fundamentals of causal thinking. How do cities influence the health of populations? And what is unique or uniquely interesting about urban health? This chapter addresses these questions through providing a conceptual framework to organize and guide thinking. The authors explicate how we may think of urban living as a ubiquitous exposure influencing other factors to which urban residents are exposed and that have a profound influence on the health of these residents.

Ensemble timing and synchronization

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Sara D’Amario ◽  
Freya Bailes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Classical Singing

Timing and synchronization represent fundamental elements of ensemble playing. Empirical research has demonstrated remarkably tight synchronization in ensembles, including instrumental and classical singing formations. Nevertheless, asynchronies between co-performers during ensemble playing are inevitable and, to some extent, desirable: musicians deliberately co-vary their timing and synchronization to attain mastery in expressive ensemble performance. By reviewing published studies on ensemble synchrony, the contextual factors that may impact synchronization are presented. Considerations of ensemble timing are then broadened to better recognize variations by musical tradition. Ultimately, the chapter reflects on the relationships between intrapersonal and interpersonal synchrony in ensemble, from the lowest levels of the temporal hierarchy, including neural activity, to the higher levels comprising breathing and cardiac activities, and musicians’ body gestures. This overview provides a conceptual framework to explore aspects of context as well as the physiology and the psychology of collective music-making, suggesting a fruitful avenue for further investigations.

Autonomy and Objectivity as Political Operators in the Medical World: Twenty Years of Public Controversy about AIDS Treatments in France

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dodier ◽  
Janine Barbot
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
The Way

ArgumentThe article is based on the controversies relating to conducting experiments and licensing AIDS treatments in France in the 1980s and 1990s. We have identified two political operators, i.e. two issues around which tensions have grown between the different generations of actors involved in these controversies: 1) the way of thinking about patient autonomy, and 2) the way in which objectivity regarding medical decisions is built. The article shows that there are several regimes of objectivity and autonomy, and that it is at the meeting point of the two dimensions that very different political forms of medicine have developed. In the case of AIDS, the article identifies four of these forms (liberal and conservative clinical traditions and therapeutic modernity – enclosed, then participative) and analyzes the dynamics of their emergence and opposition. We discuss an “objectivity/autonomy” diagram as a conceptual framework which enables us (above and beyond AIDS) to think about changes in contemporary medicine.

Concept and Time in Hegel

Dialogue ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
John Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Conceptual Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

To formulate a philosophy of time is not easy, even though it would seem to be the basic requirement for any philosophy which attempts to comprehend the world of nature or of history. The problem is briefly posed: Can the conceptual framework of philosophical thought do justice to the dynamic character of time?The purpose of this paper is not to provide a definitive answer to this question. Its aim is more limited. By discussing carefully the way in which Hegel's philosophy related conceptual thought to time, it hopes to provide new perspectives on this vexing philosophical problem.

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