scholarly journals Person-centered coping profiles moderate the links between racial discrimination and mental health in Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Van Doren ◽  
Eric Layland ◽  
Christa T. Mahlobo ◽  
Bethany C. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
Latent Profiles ◽  
Coping Patterns ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Racial discrimination is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how unique patterns of coping in Black Americans experiencing high discrimination stress may buffer the impact of discrimination stress on mental health. The present study uses person-centered methods to identify and describe latent profiles of coping in Black Americans, understand how these coping profiles are linked to mental health, and examine whether latent coping profiles moderate the links between discrimination and mental health. Methods: Participants included only Black American individuals (N=289; Mage = 41.81; 54% female) from the MIDUS Milwaukee Refresher. Latent profiles were estimated based on seven continuous measures of coping responses. After performing model selection, individuals were classified to profiles based on posterior probabilities and outcome analyses were performed using an approach adjusting for measurement error. Results: Four profiles of coping responses were identified: passive responders (29% of the sample), evasive responders (15%), diverse responders (17%), and engaged responders (39%). Engaged responders had the lowest prevalence of mental health symptoms. Further, membership in the engaged responders profile moderated associations between discrimination and mental health: as discrimination stress increased, engaged responders had lower odds of depression and lower negative affect compared to members of the other profiles. Conclusions: Person-centered methods uncovered meaningful subgroups characterized by unique coping patterns and pointed to engaged responders as being most resilient to the effects of discrimination. Future research should test these associations longitudinally and examine whether more adaptive coping profiles can be fostered through intervention.

Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana N. Brownlow ◽  
Effua E. Sosoo ◽  
Risa N. Long ◽  
Lori S. Hoggard ◽  
Tanisha I. Burford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Training Preservice Mental Health Counselors for Suicide Assessment: A Multiple Baseline Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teal Bohrer ◽  
Cass Dykeman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Mental Health Clinicians ◽  
Suicide Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Rates of death by suicide continue to increase across the United States. Mental health clinicians often have contact with individuals expressing suicidal ideation, but research suggests clinicians may not be appropriately prepared to assess a client’s suicide risk. Numerous models and theories explain and assess suicidal ideation. In 2009, Thomas Joiner and his colleagues proposed the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPT), which focused on three main factors strongly supported by research over the preceding decade. The present study utilized a nonconcurrent, multiple-baseline, multiple-probe design as well as a one-group pretest–posttest design to examine the impact of an IPT-based training model. Participants were preservice mental health clinicians currently enrolled in Master’s degree programs. Participants completed assessments on IPT knowledge and suicide-assessment self-efficacy, and results from this study indicated a significant increase in knowledge after completion of the training, as well as a slight decrease in self-efficacy. This study suggests that suicide-assessment training, even when done remotely, can increase suicide-assessment knowledge. Future research should explore preservice mental health clinicians’ self-efficacy as well as those factors influencing the confidence these professionals feel in their assessments of risk.

scholarly journals Normative range parenting and the developing brain: a scoping review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Farber ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Studies of early adversity such as trauma, abuse, and neglect highlight the critical importance of quality caregiving in brain development and mental health. However, the impact of normative range variability in caregiving on such biobehavioral processes remains poorly understood. Thus, we lack an essential foundation for understanding broader, population-representative developmental mechanisms of risk and resilience. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the extant literature centered on the question, “Is variability in normative range parenting associated with variability in brain structure and function?” After removing duplicates and screening by title, abstract, and full-text, 23 records were included in a qualitative review. The most striking outcome of this review was not only how few studies have explored associations between brain development and normative range parenting, but also how little methodological consistency exists across published studies. In light of these limitations, we propose recommendations for future research on normative range parenting and brain development. In doing so, we hope to facilitate evidence-based research that will help inform policies and practices that yield optimal developmental trajectories and mental health.

scholarly journals Shame Mediates the Relationship Between Pain Invalidation and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Boring ◽  
Kaitlyn T. Walsh ◽  
Namrata Nanavaty ◽  
Vani A. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The experience of pain is subjective, yet many people have their pain invalidated or not believed. Pain invalidation is associated with poor mental health, including depression and lower well-being. Qualitative investigations of invalidating experiences identify themes of depression, but also social withdrawal, self-criticism, and lower self-worth, all of which are core components of shame. Despite this, no studies have quantitatively assessed the interrelationship between pain invalidation, shame, and depression. To explore this relationship, participants recounted the frequency of experienced pain invalidation from family, friends, and medical professionals, as well as their feelings of internalized shame and depressive symptoms. As shame has been shown to be a precursor for depression, we further explored the role of shame as a mediator between pain invalidation and depressive symptoms. All sources of pain invalidation were positively associated with shame and depressive symptoms, and shame fully mediated the relationship between each source of pain invalidation and depression. Relative to other sources, pain invalidation from family was most closely tied to shame and depression. Overall, findings indicate that one mechanism by which pain invalidation may facilitate depression is via the experience of shame. Future research may explore shame as a potential upstream precursor to depression in the context of pain. Findings provide more insight into the harmful influence of pain invalidation on mental health and highlight the impact of interpersonal treatment on the experiences of people in pain.

The Imposter Phenomenon in the Medical Profession

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-166
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Imposter Phenomenon ◽  
Internal Experience ◽  
The Impact

The imposter phenomenon, or imposter syndrome, is defined as an internal experience of feeling like an intellectual fraud, despite external evidence of an individual's accomplishments, and results in an inability to internalise a sense of success. It is common among high-achieving people, and appears to be more common in women and ethnic minorities. In this chapter, a systematic review of the literature will be presented on imposter syndrome in the medical profession. Topics covered include purported aetiology, implications (including the impact on mental health and career progression), limitations of research, potential coping strategies, and avenues for future research.

A Narrative Review of Methods for Applying User Experience in the Design and Assessment of Mental Health Smartphone Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Christopher Lemon ◽  
Kit Huckvale ◽  
Kenneth Carswell ◽  
John Torous
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smartphone Intervention

AbstractObjectivesUser experience (UX) plays a key role in uptake and usage of mental health smartphone interventions, yet remains underinvestigated. This review aimed to characterize and compare UX evaluation approaches that have been applied in this specific context, and to identify implications for research and practice.MethodsA narrative review was conducted of UX-themed studies published in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus up to February 2019. Eligible studies reported on data reflecting users' interactions with a smartphone intervention for any mental health condition. Studies were categorized into “situated” versus “construct-based” methods according to whether or not an established UX construct was used to acquire and analyze data.ResultsSituated approaches used bespoke UX metrics, including quantitative measures of usage and performance, as well as grounded interview data. Construct-based approaches such as assessments of usability and acceptability were based on conceptual frameworks, with methodologically stronger versions featuring construct definitions, validated measurement tools, and an ability to compare data across studies. Constructs and measures were sometimes combined to form bespoke construct-based approaches.ConclusionsBoth situated and construct-based UX data may provide benefits during design and implementation of a mental health smartphone intervention by helping to clarify the needs of users and the impact of new features. Notable however was the omission of UX methods, such as split testing. Future research should consider these unaddressed methods, aim to improve the rigor of UX assessment, integrate their use alongside clinical outcomes, and explore UX assessment of more complex, adaptive interventions.

scholarly journals Racial discrimination and allostatic load among First Nations Australians: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Cave ◽  
Matthew N. Cooper ◽  
Stephen R. Zubrick ◽  
Carrington C. J. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increased allostatic load is linked with racial discrimination exposure, providing a mechanism for the biological embedding of racism as a psychosocial stressor. We undertook an examination of how racial discrimination interacts with socioecological, environmental, and health conditions to affect multisystem dysregulation in a First Nations population. Methods We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) using indicators of life stress, socioeconomic background, and physical and mental health from a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal adults (N = 2056). We used LCA with distal outcomes to estimate the effect of the latent class variable on our derived allostatic load index and conducted a stratified analysis to test whether allostatic load varied based on exposure to racial discrimination across latent classes. Results Our psychosocial, environmental, and health measures informed a four-class structure; ‘Low risk’, ‘Challenged but healthy’, ‘Mental health risk’ and ‘Multiple challenges’. Mean allostatic load was highest in ‘Multiple challenges’ compared to all other classes, both in those exposed (4.5; 95% CI: 3.9, 5.0) and not exposed (3.9; 95% CI: 3.7, 4.2) to racial discrimination. Allostatic load was significantly higher for those with exposure to racial discrimination in the ‘Multiple challenges’ class (t = 1.74, p = .04) and significantly lower in the ‘Mental health risk’ class (t = − 1.67, p = .05). Conclusions Racial discrimination may not always modify physiological vulnerability to disease. Social and economic contexts must be considered when addressing the impact of racism, with a focus on individuals and sub-populations experiencing co-occurring life challenges.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of the Impact of Sarcoma on Psychosocial Wellbeing

Sarcoma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Storey ◽  
Lorna A. Fern ◽  
Ana Martins ◽  
Mary Wells ◽  
Lindsey Bennister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Background. Previous reviews of outcomes in specific sarcoma populations suggest patients have poor quality of life. In most of these reviews, there is a predominant focus on physical function rather than psychosocial outcome. The aim of this review was to describe the psychosocial impact of diagnosis and treatment on patients with all types of sarcoma. Methods. Searches were conducted through six electronic databases for publications of any study design using a validated patient-reported outcome measure reporting the psychosocial impact in this population. Results. Eighty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most (65%) were assessed of being of reasonable quality. The most common aspect of psychosocial wellbeing measured was quality of life (80%). Due to the heterogeneity of methods, outcomes, and populations, it was not possible to make definitive conclusions. It seems there is an improvement in the physical aspects of quality of life over time but not in psychosocial function or mental health. There was no change in mental health scores, but patients reported an improvement in adjusting to normal life. There are no differences according to the type of surgery patients receive, and psychosocial outcomes tend to be poorer than the general population. There is no consistency in identifying the factors that predict/influence psychosocial wellbeing. Conclusion. The published literature does not provide a clear understanding of the impact of sarcoma diagnosis and treatment on psychosocial wellbeing. Instead, the review demonstrates a need for well-designed studies in this area and a more consistent approach to the measurement of patient-reported outcomes, which include psychosocial domains. Recommendations for future research have been proposed.

An evaluation of the implementation of Safewards on an assessment and treatment unit for people with an intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952090163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Davies ◽  
Jade Silver ◽  
Scarlett Josham ◽  
Emma Grist ◽  
Lewis Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
Shift Report ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the implementation of Safewards on an assessment and treatment unit (ATU) for people with an intellectual disability. There are no previous studies evaluating this model in this context and previous research has focused largely on acute mental health services. The ‘Patient–Staff Conflict Shift Report’ was used at baseline for 1 month and 1 year later, after all the interventions had been implemented, to evaluate the impact of Safewards. Significant reductions were found in conflict and containment measures used within the service after the implementation of Safewards. Staff who led on the interventions were also asked to give feedback on their experiences, the challenges they faced and how they would like to move forward. Safewards was generally seen as a positive approach by the team. Limitations of this study are highlighted and suggestions for future research are made.

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