scholarly journals The Concept of Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim McFarland
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Future

[Law and the Future of War Research Paper No 2] This paper investigates the notion of autonomy as it applies to software and cyber-physical systems, with a focus on matters which bear some significance to the application of relevant bodies of international law. As autonomy, in the context of software, is a technical term rather than a legal or philosophical one, a bottom-up approach is taken, beginning with a description of the technical origins and meaning of the term ‘autonomous’. Based on that, two important relationships are discussed: that between the autonomous system and its environment, and between the system and its operator. Finally, several aspects of autonomy of relevance to a legal analysis are discussed: autonomous systems do not necessarily behave differently to manually operated systems; autonomous systems are not ‘independent’ of humans for the purposes of a legal analysis; and the relative contributions of human and machine in an operation involving an autonomous system are likely to be complex and variable, such that they should arguably be viewed as a form of collaboration between human and machine rather than a simple delegation of the entirety of a task to a machine.

Climate Displacement and the Legal Gymnastics of Justice: Is It All Political?

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
International Instruments

AbstractThe future for people becoming displaced due to climate processes is still unknown. The effects of climate change are more apparent every day, and those most acutely impacted are still unable to access an appropriate legal remedy for their woes. Two new books evaluate the limits to international legal protections and the application of justice. Climate Change, Disasters, and the Refugee Convention, by Matthew Scott, investigates the assumptions underpinning the dichotomy between refugees and those facing adversity due to climate-induced disasters. Climate Change and People on the Move: International Law and Justice, by Fanny Thornton, goes further by examining how justice is used—and curtailed—by international instruments of protection. Thornton's legal analysis is thorough and thoughtful, but also demonstrative of the limitations of justice when confined by historical precedent and political indifference. With so little still being done to hold industries to account, is it any surprise that the legal system is not yet ready to protect those harmed by carbon pollution? Demanding justice for climate displacees is an indictment of modern Western economics and development; it implicates entire national lifestyles and the institutions and people that support them.

scholarly journals ARCH-COMP 2019 Category Report: Falsification

10.29007/68dk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon Ernst ◽  
Paolo Arcaini ◽  
Alexandre Donzé ◽  
Georgios Fainekos ◽  
Logan Mathesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Friendly Competition ◽  
Initial Base

This report presents the results from the 2019 friendly competition in the ARCH workshop for the falsification of temporal logic specifications over Cyber-Physical Systems. We describe the organization of the competition and how it differs from previous years. We give background on the participating teams and tools and discuss the selected benchmarks and results. The benchmarks are available on the ARCH website1, as well as in the competition’s gitlab repository2. The main outcome of the 2019 competition is a common benchmark repository, and an initial base-line for falsification, with results from multiple tools, which will facilitate comparisons and tracking of the state-of-the-art in falsification in the future.

The Future of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems

Computer ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunar Schirner ◽  
D. Erdogmus ◽  
Kaushik Chowdhury ◽  
Taskin Padir
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
The Future

‘It Could Probably Just as Well Be Otherwise’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Werner ◽  
Lianne Boer
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Way

One of the core insights of Musil’s The Man Without Qualities is that there must be ‘a sense of possibility’. This chapter analyzes debates on the law applicable to cyberwar, as debates emanating from a sense of possibility, which translates into imageries of the way cyberwar might, could, or ought to happen, i.e. how possible future realities are construed. The analysis is limited to the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. The basic point of much legal analysis is to make sense of new phenomena in terms of pre-existing legal rules, or, to make the unfamiliar, familiar. The creation of these legal imageries is contrasted with non-legal imageries of cyberwar, as found in military and security studies. The purpose of this exercise is to carve out more clearly what is particular about the way in which international lawyers have imagined the future in this domain.

Resilient Design and Operation of Cyber Physical Systems with Emphasis on Unmanned Autonomous Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vachtsevanos ◽  
Benjamin Lee ◽  
Sehwan Oh ◽  
Michael Balchanos
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Resilient Design

scholarly journals Engineering human-focused Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems in Industry 4.0 context

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20200366
Author(s):  
Armando Walter Colombo ◽  
Stamatis Karnouskos ◽  
Christoph Hanisch
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Ecosystem

The world is increasingly interconnected, and this can also be seen in industry, where an ecosystem of digitalized assets, and humans with appropriate digital interfaces, constantly interact with each other. Digital transformation efforts in the industry rely on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems that are driven by service-based cooperation among humans and digitalized industrial assets. This implies a radical paradigm change in their engineering and operation, which is focused on the symbiosis of digitalized assets and humans that cohabit a collaboration-driven industrial ecosystem. This work discusses how a digital transformation can effectively be achieved in an industrial ecosystem via a digitalization process performed along the three dimensions of the Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0, facilitated by the specification, development and implementation of an Asset Administration Shell. The discussion focus is put on humans and how the digitally transformed industrial environments empower her/his capabilities and interactions. It is also critically pointed out how one should go beyond technology and consider additional aspects. Therefore, it is argued that human-centred efforts in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) should be seen in the larger context of sustainability and circular economy in order to properly consider the interplay of the involved socio-technical dimensions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.

Sustainable securing of Medical Cyber-Physical Systems for the healthcare of the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Huertas Celdrán ◽  
Manuel Gil Pérez ◽  
Félix J. García Clemente ◽  
Gregorio Martínez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals A review on the characteristics of cyber-physical systems for the future smart factories

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 305-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Napoleone ◽  
Marco Macchi ◽  
Alessandro Pozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
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