scholarly journals DYNAMIC INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANDFORM EVOLUTIONS, HUMAN HABITATION AND BIODIVERSITY IN GUNUNG SEWU KARST, JAVA-INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Haryono ◽  
Jarwo Yuwono Edy Susetyo ◽  
Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Landform Evolution ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
Modern Era

Gunung Sewu Karst is situated in the faulted block of Southern Java Zone, Indonesia. The area has been uplifted since the Late Pliocene. Three major uplift phases were reported to have been taking place, resulting in the exposure of Miocene carbonate rocks. Prevailing tropical monsoon climate has made it possible for the carbonate formations to evolve through karstification process. Three phases of the uplifting thereafter have resulted in three karst landform evolution. Karst landform evolution in Gunung Sewu Karst inevitably determined pre-historic human habitation. During the first stage when surface river was active, human settlement occupied open space along river courses. When the caves were exposed in the second stage, human settlement moved to the caves and distributed along dry valleys or near doline ponds. Cave habitations ended when major depression dried out provisions of extensive agricultural land. In the modern era, the situation was inverted in which the human habitation was determined by geomorphologic processes. Soil erosion was accelerated due to deforestation and agricultural land intensifications. Native species were replaced by exotic species commodities. Big mammals mentioned above were extinct.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF GUNUNG SEWU KARST AS GEOPARK SITE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Haryono ◽  
Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Management Forum ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
History Of

Gunung Sewu is internationally well known for its typical conical karst morphology. It was Lehman who first introduced Gunung Sewu Type to the karst literatures. The term is now used world wide to describe the same morphology as that in Gunung Sewu Karst. The other outstanding morphological feature of Gunung Sewu Karst is the existences of gorge know as ancient Bengawan Solo valley. This gorge records uplift history of Java Island during Quaternary of which the river course turned from southward direction to northward direction. The area has also significant position in human history, since the area is considered as a pre-historic capital city of south-east Asia. Habitation of Gunung Sewu karst has been started since Middle Pleistocene through three phase chronologies. In the early habitation human settlement occupies open space along river courses. When the caves were exposed, human settlement moved to the caves and distributed along dry valleys or near doline ponds. Cave habitations ended when major depression dried out providing extensive agricultural land. The area currently is facing environmental deterioration. To cop with this, local groups including NGO, local people, university, and government have already established Karst Gunung Sewu Management Forum since 2008 which is facilitated by the Ministry of Environmental. Environmental management action plan has been enacted including protection area under Geopark scheme.

The Shack Idea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella B. Leopold
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
New Order ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Major Disruption ◽  
The Right ◽  
Splendid Isolation

As each of us siblings—Starker, Luna, Carl, Nina, and i— matured and entered our professional lives in different parts of the country, we carried with us a hankering to have a place in the country, a Shack of our own. It is not merely real estate, of course. Instead, it is a camping place for feeling close to the land, a place to work with the land and to observe the ecosystem and its fauna. To “own,” or as the first peoples saw it, to “belong” on a piece of land is exciting and special—a chance to become acquainted with a few favorite species, then to watch them grow. But of course it is way more than that. As Dad said, he chose his land for its backwardness, but it flourished in splendid isolation under our care. Shack land, as we conceived of it, had the potential of being inhabited by a vast number of native bird species, plus a diverse fauna of mammals, which got richer with time. We were excited that the Shack landscape itself had such physical variety; it had hills and dales, a grand river, a series of tributaries animated by spring and fall floods, a standing bottomland forest coursed by those floods and occupied by lively muskrats, with ducks flying in and out of the sloughs, as well as kingfishers and jays. Even though it was “degraded” agricultural land, Dad and Mother saw it as a land of opportunities for the family. While it had a “reduced level of complexity,” the soil was still there, and we could help improve it, which actually means that the right plants could make it better. Prairie is the perfect model for this kind of restoration and recovery. Dad described the upward flow of energy from soils through the plant community as a kind of circuit. After major disruption and loss of native species, the energy circuit is slowed and altered. He asked, “Can the land adjust itself to the new order?” He was sure it could if we reintroduced the native plant species on that cornfield, on that terrace, on that hill, in order for a genuine prairie, with its very efficient energy-flow, to become reestablished.

scholarly journals The Chronology of Coastal Morphogenesis and Human Settlement on Aitutaki, Southern Cook Islands, Polynesia

Radiocarbon ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda S. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Archaeological Preservation ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Shoreline Progradation

Twenty-seven 14C determinations from Aitutaki, southern Cook Islands inform on human settlement and Holocene coastal processes. I examine sedimentary, radiometric and archaeological data from Aitutaki with reference to regional evidence for a minor Holocene sea-level regression, which are in general agreement. Related processes of shoreline progradation and aggradation created near-shore environments conducive to human habitation, directly evidenced by ca. AD 900–1200. Nevertheless, biotic materials associated with this early cultural stratum suggest human colonization prior to this time. Archaeological preservation and recovery also may have been affected by changing sea level and related sedimentary processes.

scholarly journals Urban Growth and the Taxation of Agricultural Land in the Northeast

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Donald J. Epp
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
World War ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Considerable Concern

The rapid population growth of the United States and the well documented concentration of that population into a few major metropolitan areas has caused significant amounts of land to shift from agricultural to urban uses. Since World War II, the shifts in land use have caused considerable concern in the Northeast, particularly in those states containing parts of the BosWash megolopolis. Concern over the loss of open space land and the rapid decline in agricultural firms led several state legislatures to consider methods of halting, or at least controlling, the spread of cities into the rural hinterland. Maryland was the first state to pass legislation to protect open space and agriculture, enacting its law in 1955. Connecticut followed with its law in 1963 and New Jersey in 1964. All of these legislative acts declare that it is in the public interest to preserve open space lands, including farms and forests. The wording may vary from state to state but the intent is clear. These legislatures were trying to hold land in open space uses, or at least to avoid forcing their conversion because of high taxes.

scholarly journals MUSEUM ARSITEKTUR JAKARTA DI KAWASAN MEDAN MERDEKA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Nicholas Nicholas ◽  
Maria Veronica Gandha
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
City Government ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
General Program ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Or History

As time went on, the Museum in the city of Jakarta was still limited. The works exhibited remain the same and tend not to be interactive. Most museums in Jakarta try to show the historical side of Dutch colonialism and their heritage. but there is no museum that discusses how architecture in the city of Jakarta has developed rapidly until now and left its story or history. In the historical exposures of its growth, where the city government alternates and the conditions of its society are very diverse. But in its journey to a more modern era, there needs to be a change to the concept of the museum. The decline in the number of visits to the museum should be a concern that the millennial generation has begun to abandon the trend of traveling to museums because the museum is considered too old and undeveloped. The presence of the Jakarta architecture museum tells the story of the architectural journey of the city of Jakarta which has developed since the Dutch colonial era to the present. The design of the Museum which is located in the East Merdeka area is directly adjacent to the old building which has historical value, the Immannuel Church and the National Gallery; In addition, this region is connected in one tourism path that is being developed, from the Istiqlal Mosque and the Cathedral Church (which has historical architectural value) to the Proclamation Monument on the Proclamation Road. With a relationship between two destination points. The project also interacts with its surroundings as a comfortable place with open space for the surrounding community. The general program is supported by space 3.0 in the form of amphitheater, which can be accessed by various groups both horizontally and vertically. This project is expected to increase the insight and interest of visitors to study architecture and its role in building cities. AbstrakSeiring berjalanya waktu, Museum di kota Jakarta masih tetap terbatas. Karya karya yang dipamerkan tetap sama dan cenderung tidak interaktif. Kebanyakan museum di Jakarta mencoba menampilkan sisi historis dari penjajahan Belanda dan peninggalannya. namun belum ada museum yang membahas bagaimana arsitektur di kota Jakarta berkembang pesat sampai sekarang dan meninggalkan cerita atau sejarahnya. Dalam paparan sejarah pertumbuhannya, dimana pemerintah kotanya silih berganti dan kondisi masyarakatnya sangat majemuk. Namun dalam perjalanannya menuju era yang lebih modern, perlu adanya sebuah perubahan terhadap konsep museum. Menurunya angka kunjungan ke museum harus menjadi perhatian bahwasanya generasi milenial mulai meninggalkan tren berwisata ke museum karena museum dinilai terlalu tua dan tidak berkembang. Hadirnya museum arsitektur Jakarta bercerita gambaran perjalanan arsitektur kota Jakarta yang berkembang sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda hingga saat ini. Perancangan Museum yang terletak di kawasan Merdeka Timur berbatasan langsung dengan bangunan tua yang memiliki nilai sejarah, Gereja Immannuel dan Galeri Nasional; Selain itu kawasan ini terhubung dalam satu jalur pariwisata yang sedang di kembangkan, dari Masjid Istiqlal dan Gereja katedral (yang mana memiliki nilai historis arsitektur) hingga Tugu Proklamasi di jalan Proklamasi. Dengan adanya satu hubungan lingkage antar dua titik tujuan. Proyek ini juga berinteraksi dengan sekitarnya sebagai tempat yang nyaman dengan ruang terbuka untuk masyarakat sekitar. Program kemduian didukung dengan ruang 3.0 yang berupa amphiteather, dimana dapat di akses oleh berbagai kalangan baik secara kelas horizontal maupun vertikal. Proyek ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan maupun minat pengunjung untuk mempelajari arsitektur dan peranannya dalam membangun kota.

scholarly journals Multipurpose agriculture cultivator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Riyaz ◽  
Akash mangesh sawant ◽  
Taufiq rafiq shaikh ◽  
Dilip bhagwatrao radkar ◽  
Anvesh hemant sapkal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Agricultural Operation

In this modern era research in the agricultural field is going on. Plant nursery is important part of agriculture field and facing many problems. The problems are availability of low productivity rate and more manual efforts required for seed feeding. In plant nursery more time is required for plantation which is due to seed feeding process. For reducing these problems of plant nursery research of multipurpose agriculture cultivator mechanism is used. MAC is a semi-automatic operated machine used for agricultural land operation to give better productivity of crops and to ease the work of farmers. MAC is used for cultivation of land comprising of three major agricultural operation in a single prototype machine which in case would reduce the work load and the use of draft animals. In this report various parameter of the design and the manufacturing of the MAC is studied. The machine would be developed considering the difficulties faced by the farmers.

scholarly journals A floristic survey of the Boulder Mountain Park: with notes on its conservation and management (Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-314
Author(s):  
Tim Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Public Land Management ◽  
Montane Vegetation ◽  
The City

The City of Boulder Mountain Park sits in the eastern foothills of the northern Front Range of Colorado. Approximately 7000 acres (2800 ha) in extent, the study area is characterized by a foothills and montane vegetation and flora, predominantly of western North American distribution. Situated at the interface of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, the flora of the Mountain Park is distinguished by a wealth of species with eastern woodland affinities, as well as a number of southern Rocky Mountain species endemic to the Front Range. Six hundred and ninety-eight (698) species of vascular plants in 426 genera and 100 families are documented in this survey. Twenty (20) of the plants are listed as Species of Special Concern by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, with an additional 26 listed as sensitive by the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Department (OSMP). Introduced non-native species constitute 21% of the flora (147 species), a figure that exaggerates their ecological role in the Park; less than a dozen introduced species are of serious concern in their impact upon native diversity. The Mountain Park is viewed by many as the crown jewel of the City’s OSMP system, and serves as a model for public land management across other open spaces in urban areas nationwide. These forested foothills, with their prominent relief and associated diversity of habitats, serve as one of the last low-elevation nature refuges along the Colorado Front Range. With the increasing urbanization of the region and the loss of biological diversity worldwide, the wisdom of the Boulder community in protecting this landscape is becoming ever more apparent. This report presents a thoroughly revised checklist of the flora of the Boulder Mountain Parks since the area was last inventoried in 1993.

scholarly journals Drivers of the relative richness of naturalized and invasive plant species on Earth

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Essl ◽  
Wayne Dawson ◽  
Holger Kreft ◽  
Jan Pergl ◽  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant

Abstract Biological invasions are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, but the factors that determine the spatially uneven distribution of alien plant species are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global analysis of the effects of biogeographic factors, the physical environment and socio-economy on the richness of naturalized and invasive alien plants. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and variation partitioning to disentangle the relative importance of individual factors, and, more broadly, of biogeography, physical environment and socio-economy. As measures of the magnitude of permanent anthropogenic additions to the regional species pool and of species with negative environmental impacts, we calculated the relative richness of naturalized (= RRN) and invasive (= RRI) alien plant species numbers adjusted for the number of native species in 838 terrestrial regions. Socio-economic factors (per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, proportion of agricultural land) were more important in explaining RRI (~50 % of the explained variation) than RRN (~40 %). Warm-temperate and (sub)tropical regions have higher RRN than tropical or cooler regions. We found that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for invasive than for naturalized species richness. The expectation that the southern hemisphere is more invaded than the northern hemisphere was confirmed only for RRN on islands, but not for mainland regions nor for RRI. On average, islands have ~6-fold RRN, and >3-fold RRI compared to mainland regions. Eighty-two islands (=26 % of all islands) harbour more naturalized alien than native plants. Our findings challenge the widely held expectation that socio-economic pressures are more relevant for plant naturalization than for invasive plants. To meet international biodiversity targets and halt the detrimental consequences of plant invasions, it is essential to disrupt the connection between socio-economic development and plant invasions by improving pathway management, early detection and rapid response.

Search Theory Risk Preference and Farmland Preservation

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Tavernier ◽  
Farong Li ◽  
Tugrul T. Temel
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Search Theory ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Farmland Preservation ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Reservation Prices

This paper uses search theory to examine the role that risk preference (RP) plays in farmland preservation. Assuming that the distribution of the offer price is fixed, the analysis indicates that risk-averse agents have lower reservation prices than risk-neutral agents, and that agricultural land held by the former exits farming at a faster rate. The results also show that farmland preservation policies which increase reservation prices have a greater capitalization effect if agents are risk-loving, and that such policies, while effectively protecting the interest of land speculators, may be less effective in serving the needs of farming and farm-held open space.

Conservation Values and Management of Australian Islands for Non-Volant Mammal Conservation.

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A.A. Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Mammal Conservation ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Priority Action

At least 16 species of Australian mammals have become extinct over the past 200 years. Without islands, however, this figure would be even worse as nine species that were formerly widespread on mainland Australia were or are restricted to land-bridge islands. In addition, 13 species and subspecies of endangered and vulnerable mainland mammals that still occur on the mainland have island populations, reducing their chance of extinction. In all, 43 islands protect 29 taxa of Australian threatened mammals. Since European settlement some island mammal populations have become extinct, while many new populations, of both Australian and exotic mammals, have been established. The extinction of island native mammal populations is significantly correlated with the introduction of exotic mammals. Management of islands needs to concentrate on four areas: quarantine, monitoring (of both native mammals and possible introduction of exotics), eradication of exotics and translocations of native species. Prevention of introduction and establishment of further exotics to important islands through quarantine procedures is vital, especially for islands with permanent or temporary human habitation. Eradication or control of existing exotics is required for many islands and eradication of further introductions, as soon after detection as possible, should be a high priority action for nature conservation agencies. Past exotic mammal eradications and needs for the future are discussed. Translocations of island mammal populations to the mainland should take place only where the species is extinct on the mainland. Translocation to islands, where translocation to or on the mainland is not feasible, is an important conservation technique. Islands with exotics can be of value for re-introduction of locally extinct mammals or introductions (marooning) of threatened species that are at risk from feral predators on the mainland once the exotics have been eliminated.

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