scholarly journals DIFFUSE FLOW SEPARATION WITHIN KARST UNDERGROUND RIVER AT NGRENENG CAVE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Heru Hendrayana ◽  
Sudarmadji ◽  
Suratman Woro
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Underground River

Diffuse flow is a dependable flow to recharge karst underground river within the dry season. Thisresearch is conducted at Ngreneng Cave, which is famous as the leakage tributary of Bribin River, themost important underground river in Gunungsewu karst area, Central Java. The objective of this researchis to separate the karst flow components at Ngreneng Cave, in order to acknowledge the percentage ofdiffuse flow during the period of measurement. A water level data logger is installed during one yearperiod to understand the variation of water level within dry and wet season. Furthermore, to define StageDischarge Rating Curve, several discharge measurement is conducted within minimum, average andmaximum discharge condition. Afterwards, the diffuse flow separation from its total flow is conducted byusing automated base flow separation by digital filtering. The digital filtering values is acquired from theanalysis of recession constant value in the occurrence of flood events in a year observation and related tothe value of the base flow maximum indices (BFI) of karst aquifer. The result shows that during one yearobservation, Ngreneng Cave experiences 68 times of flooding, with digital filtering value of 0.992. Ingeneral, the monthly estimation of the diffuse flow percentage is very close to 80%, whereas it decreasesto 41-59% during flood events.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-dipole Array of 2D Geoelectrical Survey to Detect The Occurring of Groundwater in the Gunung Kidul Karst Aquifer System, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktanius Richard Hermawan ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Terrain ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Crystalline Limestone ◽  
Karst Aquifer System ◽  
Dipole Configuration ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Water Saturated

Until today, geoelectrical survey is the most effective method for groundwater exploration. 2D method or known as horizontal profiling is now the most appropriate method in the geoelectrical survey compare to vertical electrical sounding method. The 2D method of Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-dipole configuration proved to be very effective to locate conventional aquifer occurrence on volcanic terrain or sedimentary terrain. Karst aquifer system is an unconventional aquifer and acts very differ in contrast with the conventional sedimentary aquifer. Heterogeneity and discontinuity of limestones in karst terrain will reveal a wide variety of resistivities, hence it is difficult to interpret. This research has important objective to define the effectiveness of the Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-dipole configuration in the 2D geoelectrical survey to explore groundwater in the karst area. Field observation of geology and 2D geoelectrical survey were conducted in underground river of Kali Suci Area, Gunung Kidul. In Kali Suci where an endokarst cave was occured on the surface, line survey was placed in the top of the cave and across the geometry of the cave. Measured stratigraphy in the wall of the cave found four types of limestone which consist of packstone, wackestone, grainstone and crystalline limestone. The Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-dipole method can detect differentiation of limestone types and also the exposed underground river successfully. However, compared to Wenner-Schlumberger array, Dipole-dipole array reveals less vertical accuration.. Therefore, on this research, the best method to detect water saturated zone or gourndwater in the karst system is the Wenner-Schlumberger method.

scholarly journals Pemisahan aliran dasar bagian hulu Sungai Bribin pada aliran Gua Gilap, di Karst Gunung Sewu, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Baseflow Separation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data

Aliran dasar (diffuse flow) sungai bawah tanah karst merupakan aliran yang diandalkan untuk mengisi aliran bawah tanah pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Gua Gilap yang merupakan daerah hulu daerah tangkapan hujan Bribin yang mempunyai posisi strategis untuk kelangsungan air di Sungai Bribin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memisahkan komponen-komponen aliran di daerah hulu Sungai Bribin, sehingga dapat diketahui prosentase komponen aliran dasar selama masa pengukuran. Satu buah water level data logger dipasang selama satu tahun untuk mengetahui variasi tinggi muka air (TMA) pada saat musim kemarau,saat kejadian banjir dan saat musim hujan. Selanjutnya, beberapa kali pengukuran debit air pada saat TMA tinggi, sedang dan rendah dilakukan untuk membuat kurva hubungan antara TMA dan debit aliran (stage discharge rating curve). Kemudian, pemisahan aliran dasar danaliran langsung dilakukan dengan metode automated baseflow separation by digital filtering. Nilai digital filtering diperoleh dari analisis nilai konstanta resesi pada kejadian-kejadian banjir sepanjang tahun yang kemudian dihubungkan dengan nilai baseflow max indices (BFImax) pada akuifer karst. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama satu tahun pengamatan, Gua Gilap mengalami 41 kali kejadian banjir, dengan nilai digital filtering sebesar 0,996. Kemudian, perhitungan prosentase aliran dasar (diffuse flow) menunjukkan bahwa secara umum nilainyamendekati angka sekitar 80 %. Sementara itu, prosentase diffuse flow pada kejadian banjir bervariasi dengan kisaran antara 45-75%. Dari angka-angka ini diperoleh gambaran bahwa secara umum, aliran yang bersifat lambat (diifuse flow) masih dominan sehingga debit andalan selalu terisi, terutama pada musim kemarau.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Characterization of Mugla Karst Aquifer Using Correlation and Spectral Analyses on the Rainfall and Springs Water-Level Time Series

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Çağdaş Sağır ◽  
Bedri Kurtuluş ◽  
Moumtaz Razack
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Spectral Analyses ◽  
Aquifer System

Karst aquifers have been an important research topic for hydrologists for years. Due to their high storage capacity, karst aquifers are an important source of water for the environment. On the other hand, it is safety-critical because of its role in floods. Mugla Karst Aquifer (SW, Turkey) is the only major water-bearing formation in the close environs of Mugla city. Flooding in the wet season occurs every year in the recharge plains. The aquifer discharges by the seaside springs in the Akyaka district which is the main touristic point of interest in the area. Non-porous irregular internal structures make the karsts more difficult to study. Therefore, many different methodologies have been developed over the years. In this study, unit hydrograph analysis, correlation and spectral analyses were applied on the rainfall and spring water-level time series data. Although advanced karst formations can be seen on the surface like the sinkholes, it has been revealed that the interior structure is not highly karstified. 100–130 days of regulation time was found. This shows that the Mugla Karst has quite inertial behavior. Yet, the storage of the aquifer system is quite high, and the late infiltration effect caused by alluvium plains was detected. This characterization of the hydrodynamic properties of the Mugla karst system represents an important step to consider the rational exploitation of its water resources in the near future.

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPH RECESSION CONSTANT FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF KARST SPRING AND UNDERGROUND RIVER FLOW COMPONENTS RELEASING WITHIN GUNUNG SEWU KARST REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
M Misqi
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Recession Constant

TThis research is carried out within two caves with underground river and one karst spring, which is locatedin Gunung Sewu karst area, Gunung Kidul. The objective of this research is to recognize some flood hydrograph properties of karst aquifer characterization in order to compare the comportment of aquifer to release its flow components between underground river and karst spring. Water level data loggers are installed within two caves and one karst spring represent upper, middle, and lower elevation of karst topography, which are Beton, Seropan, and Toto Cave, respectively. In addition, time series discharge measurement in correspond to minimum, average, and maximum flow events is conducted to formulate the Annual Stage Discharge Rating Curve. Thereby, the full year river hydrograph may be defined.Afterwards, by selecting several flood hydrograph events, the recession constant in each cave includingdiffuse flow (Kb), fissure flow (Ki), and conduit flow (Kc) recession constant, is then calculated andcompared in every location. The result shows that Beton Spring that represents the upper part of researcharea confirms the quickest respond towards rainfall events. Also, this point specifies the medium numberof diffuse recession constant (Kb=0.983), compared to Seropan (0.996), and Toto (0.937), means that theaquifer surrounding Toto Cave release its groundwater storage faster than Beton Spring and SeropanCave. On the contrary, Seropan Cave performs the highest value of diffuse recession constant (0.996) andthis situation is confirmed by its dry season discharge that still above 810 lt/second

Diffuse flow separation in the three largest springs on the north side of the Karangbolong karst area, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danang Riza Fauzi ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Andy Setyawan ◽  
Aulia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Danung Shodikh Makhrizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
North Side

scholarly journals Groundwater Flooding due to Tropical Cyclone Cempaka in Ngreneng Karst Window, Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Eko Haryono ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
River System ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Underground River

Tropical Cyclone Cempaka occurred on November 27, 2017 in the Indian Ocean, just south of Central Java. This incident induced high rainfall leading to flash floods in the southern part of Central Java, including Gunungsewu Karst Area. The highest rainfall recorded on November 28, 2017, in this area was 239 mm/day (Automatic Rainfall Recorder/ARR Station in Pindul Cave) and 341 mm/day (ARR Station in Tepus). The extreme rainfall also caused groundwater flood in Ngreneng Karst Window. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of this flood. The results of the analysis showed that it was caused by water filling up the conduit passage in the entire Bribin-Baron underground river system. The flow of the conduit pushed the diffuse flow into the surface fast, and the water that came out of Ngreneng Karst Window was thereby clear. The inundation lasted for ten days and submerged up to 26.4 ha of the study area.

scholarly journals Banjir Airtanah Akibat Siklon Tropis Cempaka di Karst Window Ngreneng, Kawasan Karst Gunungsewu, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
Hendy Fatchurohman ◽  
Eko Haryono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
River System ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Underground River

Tropical Cyclone Cempaka occurred on November 27, 2017 in the Indian Ocean, just south of Central Java. This incident induced high rainfall leading to flash floods in the southern part of Central Java, including Gunungsewu Karst Area. The highest rainfall recorded on November 28, 2017, in this area was 239 mm/day (Automatic Rainfall Recorder/ARR Station in Pindul Cave) and 341 mm/day (ARR Station in Tepus). The extreme rainfall also caused groundwater flood in Ngreneng Karst Window. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of this flood. The results of the analysis showed that it was caused by water filling up the conduit passage in the entire Bribin-Baron underground river system. The flow of the conduit pushed the diffuse flow into the surface fast, and the water that came out of Ngreneng Karst Window was thereby clear. The inundation lasted for ten days and submerged up to 26.4 ha of the study area.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HIDROGEOCHEMISTRY AND KARST FLOW PROPERTIES TO CHARACTERIZE KARST DYNAMIC SYSTEM IN BRIBIN UNDERGROUND RIVER, GUNUNG KIDUL REGENCY, DIY PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Flow Characteristic ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Underground River

This research is conducted in karst area, which is particularly enclosed by Bribin Underground River Catchment, Gunungkidul Regency. The objectives of thisstudy are: (1) to understand spatial and temporal variation of flow characteristic as well as Diffuse Flow Proportion (PAD) of Bribin River; (2) to assesshydrogeochemistry and to recognize the relationship between hydrogeochemistry and flow characteristics of Bribin River, and (3) to define water agressivity of BribinRiver with respect to carbonate mineral and to express the components of Karst Dynamic System (KDS) one-year behavior. To define flow characteristic and PAD, three water level data loggers are installed within upper, lower and the leakage point along Bribin River continued bydischarge measurement with the purpose of attaining stage-discharge rating curve. Afterwards, PAD is defined by conducting digital filtering baseflow separationapproach after calculation of diffuse, fissure, and conduit recession constant. Next, to figure out hydrogeochemical condition, 120 sample of karst water are analyzedincluding rain, underground-river, and drip water. After that, scatter plots between hydrogeochemical parameters are conducted to achieve the correlation betweenPAD and hydrogeochemistry as well as to figure out hydrogeochemical processes to occur. Subsequently, Saturation Indices analysis with respect to calcite mineral and KDS components correlation is carried out to define karst water agressivity and its manners along flowpath of Bribin River. The research’s result demonstrates that there is spatial and temporal differentiation of flow characteristics along Bribin River attributable to thecomportment of karst aquifer toward discharging its diffuse, fissure, or conduit flow components, which consequence to the dissimilarity of PAD distribution alongBribin River. Accordingly, PAD characteristics result to dry season hydrogeochemical condition of Bribin River. However, wet season hydrogeochemical condition is more influenced by means of dilution by precipitation process within flood events, which exaggerates CO2 content of water. Generally, the upper-stream cave tend to more aggressive in dissolving limestone, contrast to down-steam cave that be inclined to precipitate carbonate mineral as a result of their differentiation of cavities configuration. In addition, down-stream cave is characterized by open system cavities, subsequent to the CO2 discharge to preserve dissolution process.

scholarly journals Master Recession Curve (MRC) analysis to characterize karst aquifers of several springs in the north side of the Karangbolong (Gombong) karst area

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Aulia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Alpine Prima Priambada ◽  
Muhammad Qodri Al-Ghozali ◽  
Danang Riza Fauzi ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Recession Curve ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Master Recession Curve ◽  
Discharge Regime

Karst aquifers have triple porosity (diffuse, fissure, and conduit) which makes their characterization difficult, and often requires a combination of particular methods and investigation over a long period. The purpose of this study is to analyse the components of the flood hydrograph and create a master recession curve (MRC) in karst aquifers that recharge several springs on the north side of the Karangbolong Karst Area (Gombong). The springs studied include Kalisirah, Jumbleng, and Kalikarak springs. The data used are time-series discharges recorded every 15 minutes from November 2018 to March 2020. Furthermore, the reconstruction of the flow regime for MRC is carried out with the help of RC 4.0 software, which is at the same time able to define the level of karst aquifer development. The results showed that Kalisirah and Kalikarak Springs have a complex discharge regime with a degree of karstification in class 8, while Jumbleng Springs in class 5. Analysis of the components of the flood hydrograph reinforces the results of the calculation of the karstification degree. The time to the peak (Tlag) of the Kalisirah and Kalikarak Springs is relatively fast (1.94 and 1.44 hours), which indicates that conduit flow has developed, while Jumbleng spring has a longer Tlag of 2.69 hours. Calculation of time to base flow (Tb) both manually (by flood events analysis) and automatically (by MRC) shows that Kalikarak Springs has the longest time with an average of about 31 hours which reflects that karst aquifers which contribute to it are still quite good in storing groundwater, while Jumbleng spring has the fastest Tb value with an average of 17.25 hours which reflects the shortest release of water storage compared to the other two springs.

scholarly journals Variasi Temporal Kontribusi Aliran Dasar pada Mataair Epikarst di Kawasan Karst Gunungsewu, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Muhammad Naufal ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Fajri Ramadhan ◽  
Indra Agus Riyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Base Flow Separation

Aliran yang bergerak secara perlahan (infiltrasi) yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan aliran mantap atau aliran dasar (baseflow) merupakan satu-satunya pemasok air pada aliran bawah tanah pada bentuklahan karst ketika musim kemarau. kontribusi karakter aliran ini tentunya sangat berperan besar dalam mendukung penyediaan air bersih. Pemahaman terkait dengan karakteristik aliran dasar secara detail memiliki urgensi yang sangat tinggi untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis temporal kontribusi aliran dasar pada mataair epikarst di Kawasan Karst Gunungsewu, Indonesia. Lokasi studi adalah Mataair Guntur yang menempati Sub-sistem Panggang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data aliran dari Mataair Guntur selama satu tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah automated base flow separation by digital filtering. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konstribusi aliran dasar di Mataair Guntur adalah antara 79,57% sampai dengan 93,96%.

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