scholarly journals Pipe Network Design and Analysis: An Example with WaterCAD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiblu Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Pipe network analysis is the analysis of the fluid flow through a network that containing several interconnected branches of pipes and their components. The common analysis of pipe network often demonstrates to determine the flow rates and pressure drops in the individual components of the pipe network. Water utilities typically use specialized software to solve these issues automatically. Municipal water systems frequently route water through a water supply network to reach a large number of users. In this paper we aim to demonstrate the use of WaterCAD software to solve hydraulic design parameter of an example pipe network problem.

Oxygen Transport in Salmon Spawning Gravels

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Flow Through Porous Media ◽  
Air Entrapment ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Media Data

The importance of understanding transport characteristics of flow through gravel media is discussed from the viewpoint of salmonid enhancement programs. A summary of the important features of the incubation process with respect to mass transport is provided along with applicable theories describing flow through porous media. Data obtained from experiments described herein are used to assess the accuracy of existing correlations for predicting pressure drops across gravel substrates. It is found that available hydraulic relations can be used to predict flow velocity magnitudes in gravel media with an accuracy of ± 50% over a twofold range of flow rates, providing one measurement of head loss is available at one flow rate. An adaptation of the Carman–Kozeny equation is found to be suitable for calculating the influence of fines on permeability. The importance of air entrapment on flow resistance is confirmed experimentally and modeled using available correlations. Lastly, the applications of these results for calculating oxygen transport to incubating salmon eggs and minimum water flows in hatcheries are discussed.Key words: Salmon enhancement, oxygen transport, permeability, gravel, incubation, hatcheries

scholarly journals Simulation of the Flow Through Porous Layers Composed of Converging-Diverging Capillary Fissures or Tubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Walicka
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
Flow Through

AbstractIn this paper, a porous medium is modelled by a network of converging-diverging capillaries which may be considered as fissures or tubes. This model makes it necessary to consider flows through capillary fissures or tubes. Therefore an analytical method for deriving the relationships between pressure drops, volumetric flow rates and velocities for the following fluids: Newtonian, polar, power-law, pseudoplastic (DeHaven and Sisko types) and Shulmanian, was developed. Next, considerations on the models of pore network for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were presented. The models, similar to the schemes of central finite differences may provide a good basis for transforming the governing equations of a flow through the porous medium into a set of linear or quasi-linear algebraic equations. It was shown that the some coefficients in these algebraic equations depend on the kind of the capillary convergence.

scholarly journals Brownian Motion and Thermophoretic Effects in Mini Channels with Various Heights

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Zainab Al Hajaj ◽  
Mohamad Ziad Saghir
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Optimum Configuration ◽  
Mini Channels ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The One

Flow-through mini channels have received tremendous interest from researchers over a long period. However, the study of flow between the channel and on top of the channel has received little to no attention. In the present paper, different parameters have been used to investigate this heat enhancement. The height of 10 mini channels has been varied, allowing the corresponding aspect ratio to vary from 3 to 6, 9, and 12. When the aspect ratio is 12, flow circulates through the mini channel only, and when the aspect ratio is less than 12, flow is distributed between the one circulating inside the channel and moving on top of the channel. Different flow rates are studied corresponding to a Reynolds number varying from 250 to 1250 if water is the working fluid. Brownian and thermophoresis effects are taken into consideration to investigate the nanoparticle sedimentation. Results revealed that the optimum configuration, if one needs to take into consideration the friction factor, is 12. If one ignores the pressure drops, then the optimum configuration is when the aspect ratio is equal to 6. This means that the flow interaction between the one circulating in the channel and above the channel plays a major effect in heat removal.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals Analysis of Performance of the Wind-Driven Pulverizing Aerator Based on Average Wind Speeds in the Conditions of Góreckie Lake

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Andrzej Osuch ◽  
Ewa Osuch ◽  
Stanisław Podsiadłowski ◽  
Piotr Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Research Period

In the introduction to this paper, the characteristics of Góreckie lake and the construction and operation of the wind-driven pulverizing aerator are presented. The purpose of this manuscript is to determine the efficiency of the pulverizing aerator unit in the windy conditions of Góreckie Lake. The efficiency of the pulverization aerator depends on the wind conditions at the lake. It was necessary to conduct thorough research to determine the efficiency of water flow through the pulverization segment (water pump). It was necessary to determine the rotational speed of the paddle wheel, which depended on the average wind speed. Throughout the research period, measurements of hourly average wind speed were carried out. It was possible to determine the efficiency of the machine by developing a dedicated mathematical model. The latest method was used in the research, consisting of determining the theoretical volumetric flow rates of water in the pulverizing aerator unit, based on average hourly wind speeds. Pulverization efficiency under the conditions of Góreckie Lake was determined based on 6600 average wind speeds for spring, summer and autumn, 2018. Based on the model, the theoretical efficiency of the machine was calculated, which, under the conditions of Góreckie Lake, amounted to 75,000 m3 per year.

scholarly journals Transient Pressure-Driven Electroosmotic Flow through Elliptic Cross-Sectional Microchannels with Various Eccentricities

Computation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nattakarn Numpanviwat ◽  
Pearanat Chuchard
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Electroosmotic Flow ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Mathieu Functions ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Elliptic Cross ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Relative Errors

The semi-analytical solution for transient electroosmotic flow through elliptic cylindrical microchannels is derived from the Navier-Stokes equations using the Laplace transform. The electroosmotic force expressed by the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation is considered the external force in the Navier-Stokes equations. The velocity field solution is obtained in the form of the Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions and it is capable of describing the flow behavior in the system when the boundary condition is either constant or varied. The fluid velocity is calculated numerically using the inverse Laplace transform in order to describe the transient behavior. Moreover, the flow rates and the relative errors on the flow rates are presented to investigate the effect of eccentricity of the elliptic cross-section. The investigation shows that, when the area of the channel cross-sections is fixed, the relative errors are less than 1% if the eccentricity is not greater than 0.5. As a result, an elliptic channel with the eccentricity not greater than 0.5 can be assumed to be circular when the solution is written in the form of trigonometric functions in order to avoid the difficulty in computing the Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions.

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