scholarly journals Land-tenure regimes determine tropical deforestation rates across socio-environmental contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pacheco ◽  
Carsten Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Deforestation Rates

scholarly journals Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related carbon losses from 1990 to 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2540-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Achard ◽  
René Beuchle ◽  
Philippe Mayaux ◽  
Hans‐Jürgen Stibig ◽  
Catherine Bodart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Carbon Losses

Modalités de la déforestation dans le sud-ouest de l'État du Campeche, Mexique

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Mas ◽  
H Puig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Deforestation Rates

The analysis of satellite images shows an important reduction of forest cover in the Lagoon of Términos region in the State of Campeche (southeastern Mexico) over the last decades. Deforestation rates reached 2.2 and 5.3%, respectively, on a yearly basis during 1974–1986 and 1986–1991. The deforestation process was modelled using a geographic information system. The model allows to determine how elements such as roads or human settlements proximity, land tenure, shape of the forest patches, slope, soil type, and human population attributes have an impact on the deforestation process. Deforestation was more severe in opened, nonflooded areas, with fertile soil, near roads and human settlements. Human population attributes showed little influence on deforestation rates, probably because pasture lands encroachment was recognized as the main cause of forest clearing. However, the model does not highlight the root causes of this phenomena, such as government policy on settlement and subsidies for cattle ranching. Despite this limitation, it allows to generate deforestation risk assessment maps that correctly identify the forest areas most susceptible to deforestation.

scholarly journals Deforestation and Forest Degradation Due to Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: A 34-Year Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Caballero Espejo ◽  
Max Messinger ◽  
Francisco Román-Dañobeytia ◽  
Cesar Ascorra ◽  
Luis Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

While deforestation rates decline globally they are rising in the Western Amazon. Artisanal-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a large cause of this deforestation and brings with it extensive environmental, social, governance, and public health impacts, including large carbon emissions and mercury pollution. Underlying ASGM is a broad network of factors that influence its growth, distribution, and practices such as poverty, flows of legal and illegal capital, conflicting governance, and global economic trends. Despite its central role in land use and land cover change in the Western Amazon and the severity of its social and environmental impacts, it is relatively poorly studied. While ASGM in Southeastern Peru has been quantified previously, doing so is difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the resulting landscape. Using a novel approach to classify mining that relies on a fusion of CLASlite and the Global Forest Change dataset, two Landsat-based deforestation detection tools, we sought to quantify ASGM-caused deforestation in the period 1984–2017 in the southern Peruvian Amazon and examine trends in the geography, methods, and impacts of ASGM across that time. We identify nearly 100,000 ha of deforestation due to ASGM in the 34-year study period, an increase of 21% compared to previous estimates. Further, we find that 10% of that deforestation occurred in 2017, the highest annual amount of deforestation in the study period, with 53% occurring since 2011. Finally, we demonstrate that not all mining is created equal by examining key patterns and changes in ASGM activity and techniques through time and space. We discuss their connections with, and impacts on, socio-economic factors, such as land tenure, infrastructure, international markets, governance efforts, and social and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Exploring Surface Biophysical-Climate Sensitivity to Tropical Deforestation Rates Using a GCM: A Feasibility Study*

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kendra Gotangco Castillo ◽  
Kevin Robert Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract Deforestation perturbs both biophysical and carbon feedbacks on climate. However, biophysical feedbacks operate at temporally immediate and spatially focused scales and thus may be sensitive to the rate of deforestation rather than just to total forest-cover loss. Explored here is a method for simulating annual tropical deforestation in the fully coupled Community Climate System Model, version 3.0 (CCSM3) with the Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) for testing biosphere climate sensitivity to “preservation pathways.” Two deforestation curves were simulated—a 10% deforestation curve with a 10% preservation target (DFC10-PT10) versus a 1% deforestation curve with a 10% preservation target (DFC1-PT10). During active deforestation, albedo, net radiation, latent heat flux, and climate variables were compared for time dependence and sensitivity to tropical tree cover across the tropical band and the Amazon basin, central African, and Southeast Asian regions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of modeling incremental deforestation and detecting both transient and long-term impacts, although a warm/dry bias in CCSM3–DGVM and the absence of carbon feedbacks preclude definitive conclusions on the magnitude of sensitivities. The deforestation rates produced characteristic trends in biophysical variables with DFC10-PT10 resulting in rapid increase/decrease during the initial 10–30 years before leveling off, whereas DFC1-PT10 exhibits gradual changes. The rate had little effect on biophysical and climate sensitivities when averaged over tropical land but produced significant differences at a regional level. Over the long term, the rates produced dissimilar vegetation distributions, despite having the same preservation target in both cases. Overall, these results indicate that the question of rates is one worth further analysis.

Colonization and tropical deforestation in the Sierra Santa Marta, Southern Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
LETICIA DURAND ◽  
ELENA LAZOS
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
National Development ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The 1960S

Understanding patterns of tropical deforestation is a crucial issue for Mexico, a country that has lost more than 95% of its original rainforest cover. This paper examines the causes of accelerated deforestation in the Sierra Santa Marta, Veracruz, Mexico, by looking at settlement history and the evolution of productive schemes in the villages of Venustiano Carranza and Magallanes. Both settlements were founded in the 1960s, after the government donated land to landless peasants. Conversion of forests into pastures, after several agricultural enterprises failed, resulted in more than 80% of the original tropical rainforests being removed in both communities between 1960 and 1998. The process of deforestation in the villages differed from models proposed for the Amazon and Central America, in which deforestation responded to capital-intensive efforts to open up the tropical frontier. In the villages, transformation of forests into pastures was, from the beginning, a smallholder phenomenon. Misguided policies and institutional malfunctions appeared to direct households toward deforestation. Nevertheless, environmental deterioration could not only be explained by external causes. Inside the communities, demographic pressure over land, the modification of traditional land tenure systems and the cultural adoption of cattle as a way to overcome poverty were significant factors in the relationship between colonization and forest clearance. Deforestation at Venustiano Carranza and Magallanes cannot be considered an ecologically destructive practice performed by peasants. In fact, the process reflects not only a lack of environmental awareness in national development policies, but also the intricate interaction of ecological, cultural, social and economical variables.

scholarly journals Deforestation and Forest Degradation Due to Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: A 34-Year Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Caballero Espejo ◽  
Max Messinger ◽  
Francisco Roman Dañobeytia ◽  
Cesar Ascorra ◽  
Luis E. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

While deforestation rates decline globally they are rising in the Western Amazon. Artisanal-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a large cause of this deforestation and brings with it extensive environmental, social, governance, and public health impacts, including large carbon emissions and mercury pollution. Underlying ASGM is a broad network of factors that influence its growth, distribution, and practices such as poverty, flows of legal and illegal capital, conflicting governance, and global economic trends. Despite its central role in land use and land cover change in the Western Amazon and the severity of its social and environmental impacts, it is relatively poorly studied. While ASGM in Southeastern Peru has been quantified previously, doing so is difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the resulting landscape. Using a novel approach to classify mining that relies on a fusion of CLASlite and the Global Forest Change dataset, two Landsat-based deforestation detection tools, we sought to quantify ASGM-caused deforestation in the period 1984–2017 in the southern Peruvian Amazon and examine trends in the geography, methods, and impacts of ASGM across that time. We identify nearly 100,000 ha of deforestation due to ASGM in the 34-year study period, an increase of 21% compared to previous estimates. Further, we find that 10% of that deforestation occurred in 2017, the highest annual amount of deforestation in the study period, with 53% occurring since 2011. Finally, we demonstrate that not all mining is created equal by examining key patterns and changes in ASGM activity and techniques through time and space. We discuss their connections with, and impacts on, socio-economic factors, such as land tenure, infrastructure, international markets, governance efforts, and social and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals A Sensitivity Analysis of Surface Biophysical, Carbon, and Climate Impacts of Tropical Deforestation Rates in CCSM4-CNDV*

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kendra Gotangco Castillo ◽  
Kevin Robert Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Precipitation Decrease

Abstract The biophysical–climate and combined biophysical and carbon–climate feedbacks of tropical deforestation rates are explored through sensitivity analyses using the Community Climate System Model 4 with prognostic carbon–nitrogen and dynamic vegetation. Simulations test 5%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5% annual deforestation rates, each paired with preservation targets of 10% per tropical tree type. Perturbations are applied over pan-tropical land but analyses also investigate responses over the subcontinental areas of the Amazon basin, central Africa, and Southeast Asia. Sensitivities [expressed as the change in a variable per million square kilometers (Mkm2) of change in tree cover] and means of selected biophysical, carbon, and climate variables during and after deforestation are compared across rates. The most apparent effect of the rates is in hastening/postponing climate change, but otherwise results show no consistent differences across rates and vary more across subcontinents (with the Amazon basin reflecting highest sensitivities in albedo and ground temperatures, and Southeast Asia for total ecosystem carbon). Additionally, biophysical feedbacks alone were found to have significant impact on climate over subcontinental scales. In the Amazon, ground temperature increase due to biophysical feedbacks is as much as 55%, and precipitation decrease up to 61%, of combined biophysical and carbon impacts. Replication with other models is required. Although it is still unclear whether a slow but prolonged deforestation differs in impacts from one that is rapid but short, the rate can still be relevant to planning with regards to the timing of impacts.

scholarly journals Deforestation and Forest Degradation Due to Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: A 34-Year Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Caballero Espejo ◽  
Max Messinger ◽  
Francisco Roman D. ◽  
Cesar Ascorra ◽  
Luis E. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

While deforestation rates decline globally they are rising in the western Amazon. Artisanal-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a large cause of this deforestation and brings with it extensive environmental, social, governance, and public health impacts, including large carbon emissions and mercury pollution. Underlying ASGM is a broad network of factors that influence its growth, distribution, and practices such as poverty, flows of legal and illegal capital, conflicting governance, and global economic trends. Despite its central role in land use and land cover change in the western Amazon and the severity of its social and environmental impacts, it is relatively poorly studied. While ASGM in southeastern Peru has been quantified previously, doing so is difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the resulting landscape. Using a novel approach to classify mining that relies on a fusion of CLASlite and the Global Forest Change dataset, two Landsat-based deforestation detection tools, we sought to quantify ASGM-caused deforestation in the period 1984-2017 in the southern Peruvian Amazon and examine trends in the geography, methods, and impacts of ASGM across that time. We identify nearly 100,000 ha of deforestation due to ASGM in the 34-year study period, an increase of 21% compared to previous estimates. Further, we find that 10% of that deforestation occurred in 2017, with 53% occurring since 2011. Finally, we demonstrate key patterns and changes in ASGM activity and techniques through time and space and discuss their connections with, and impacts on, socio-economic factors such as land tenure, infrastructure, international markets, governance efforts, and social and environmental impacts.

Understanding Tropical Deforestation: the Case of Western Samoa

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah D. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Tropical Deforestation ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Political Economic

The case of Western Samoa is used to challenge the tendency in the recent literature to polarize the issue of tropical deforestation as caused by either political economic forces or increasing human demands. While it is recognized that political economic forces must be changed in many cases to make just and sustainable use of the forest possible, the case of Western Samoa is used to highlight the difficult challenge of conserving tropical forests and their biodiversity even under customary land-tenure and local control of forest resources.

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