Facile Degradation of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by a novel bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae VVD-MBB8 isolated from Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Shyam Karuppiah ◽  
Rajkumar Prabhakaran ◽  
Ramya Venkatesan ◽  
Sivabalan Sivasamy ◽  
L.R.Monisha Miriam
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Distance Analysis

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer, widely used for industrial applications, and its contamination related to the ecosystem concerns an increasingly serious problem. In the present study, we account a novel, potent PVA degrader, VVD-MBB8, isolated from the Gulf of Mannar. The VVD-MBB8 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae based on the molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence, biochemical and evolutionary distance analysis. This is the first report for the PVA degrader from the Enterobacter genus. The results showed 83% of the PVA present in the culture medium was degraded by Enterobacter cloacae VVD-MBB8 after 48 hrs of incubation with 30⁰C at the agitation of 145rpm. The results obtained from the FTIR showed notable differences in the PVA degradation stretches (3000 to 3300cm-1, 2500 to 3000cm-1) at 24 and 48 hrs compared with control (before degradation of PVA). The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources for PVA degradation were identified and the results revealed nitrogen sources have a significant increase in PVA degrading enzyme production and the enzyme activity was 83 U/ml.

scholarly journals Biodecolorization of Azo Dye Mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5r and Reactive Red 120) by Indigenous Bacterial Consortium Obtained From Dye Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rajendran ◽  
S Kiruthika ◽  
P Saranya ◽  
Arunkumar Mohan ◽  
C V Vaishali
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Reactive Red 120 ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R

Abstract Discharge of the untreated wastewater containing dyestuff into the surrounding aquatic environment is of significant environmental concern. These dying effluents not only change the color of water bodies but also has many unfavorable conditions and release toxic by-products, which are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and hazardous to different life forms. The present study investigated the biodegradation and removal of dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) using a new bacterial consortium isolated from dye contaminated soil. Among the total 15 isolates screened, the two most efficient bacterial species (SS07 and SS09) were selected and identified as Enterobacter cloacae (MT573884) and Achromobacter pulmonis (MT573885) through biochemical assays and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The removal efficiency of dye mixture by Enterobacter cloacae and Achromobacter pulmonis at an initial concentration of 100 mg L− 1 was 82.78 and 84.96%, discretely. The bacterial consortium was developed using selected isolates, and the optimum conditions for the removal of dyes were investigated by studying the effects of pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources, dye concentration, and inoculum size. The maximum decolorization efficiency was achieved at pH, 7; temperature, 37°C; dye concentration, 100 ppm; and initial inoculum concentration, 0.5 ml, respectively. Mannitol and Ammonium sulfate was identified as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for better bacterial growth and decolorization. The maximum removal efficiency of 91.3% achieved at the optimal conditions after 72 h of incubation. Decolorization of azo dyestuff by the developed microbial consortia conforms to the zero-order reaction kinetics model. Consortia of Enterobacter cloacae and Achromobacter pulmonis was established as an effective decolorizer for the Remazol Brilliant violet 5R and Reactive Red 120 dye mixture with > 90% color removal.

scholarly journals A highly thermotolerant laccase produced by Cerrena unicolor strain CGMCC 5.1011 for complete and stable malachite green decolorization

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Yao ◽  
Guimei Zhou ◽  
Yonghui Lin ◽  
Xinqi Xu ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Laccases are a class of multi-copper oxidases with important industrial values. A thermotolerant laccase produced by a basidiomycete fungal strain Cerrena unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 was studied. With glycerin and peptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, a maximal laccase activity of 121.7 U/mL was attained after cultivation in the shaking flask for 15 days. Transcriptomics analysis revealed an expressed laccase gene family of 12 members in C. unicolor strain CGMCC 5.1011, and the gene and cDNA sequences were cloned. A glycosylated laccase was purified from the fermentation broth of Cerrena unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 and corresponded to Lac2 based on MALDI-TOF MS/MS identification. Lac2 was stable at pH 5.0 and above, and was resistant to organic solvents. Lac2 displayed remarkable thermostability, with half-life time of 1.67 h at 70 ºC. Consistently, Lac2 was able to completely decolorize malachite green (MG) at high temperatures, whereas Lac7 from Cerrena sp. HYB07 resulted in accumulation of colored MG transformation intermediates. Molecular dynamics simulation of Lac2 was conducted, and possible mechanisms underlying Lac2 thermostability were discussed. The robustness of C. unicolor CGMCC 5.1011 laccase would not only be useful for industrial applications, but also provide a template for future work to develop thermostable laccases.

scholarly journals Optimum conditions for Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Jasim ◽  
Hameed M. Jasim ◽  
Isra'a M. Dhahi
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Initial Medium

Different nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11 in a batch culture of brain-heart infusion broth medium. These factors include carbon source and its concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, phosphate source, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with olive oil and casein hydrolysate as a carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in a concentration of 1.5% for broth, KH2PO4 as a phosphate source at initial medium pH8, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these optimal conditions, prodigiosin activity produced by Serratia marcescens S11 in culture medium was increased from 200 U/cell before optimization to 3000 U/cell.

scholarly journals Influence of cultivation conditions on IAA - producing activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from morning-glory (IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE (L.) R.Br.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Zhang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu ◽  
Vu Thi Linh ◽  
V.V. Pylnev ◽  
M.I. Popchenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Study Results

This work presents the experimental study results of the influence of the culture medium on the ability to IAA synthesis of three endophytic strains TH10R, TH11T, and TH13T from roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Three investigated strains give the highest IAA concentration after 96 h of cultivation. A significant increase in IAA biosynthesis was obtained by cultivating the TH10R strain in a medium containing lactose or starch as a carbon source and NH4Cl or KNO3 as a nitrogen source. The TH11T strain produces the maximum amount of IAA, using glucose or xylose and KNO3 or NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Sucrose is a suitable carbon source for the TH13T strain; on a sucrose-containing medium, the TH13T strain produces the highest IAA amount. The most active strain is TH10R, identified as Bacillus mycoides and named Bacillus mycoides TH10R.

scholarly journals Cobetia crustatorum sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from traditional fermented seafood in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Seong Woon Roh ◽  
Jin-Woo Bae
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cobetia Marina ◽  
Slightly Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Straight Rod

A slightly halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, straight-rod-shaped aerobe, strain JO1T, was isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Cells were observed singly or in pairs and had 2–5 peritrichous flagella. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C, in 6.5 % (w/v) salts and at pH 5.0–6.0. Strain JO1T was oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Cells did not reduce fumarate, nitrate or nitrite on respiration. Acid was produced from several carbohydrates and the strain utilized many sugars and amino acids as carbon and nitrogen sources. The main fatty acids were C12 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with strain JO1T and Cobetia marina DSM 4741T revealed 24 % relatedness, although high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.9 %) was observed between these strains. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolate from jeotgal should be classified as a representative of a novel species, Cobetia crustatorum sp. nov., with strain JO1T (=KCTC 22486T=JCM 15644T) as the type strain.

Bradyrhizobium cytisi sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Cytisus villosus

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2922-2927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaa Chahboune ◽  
Lorena Carro ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
Said Barrijal ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis

Several strains isolated from Cytisus villosus nodules have been characterized based on their diverse genetic, phenotypic and symbiotic characteristics. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates formed a group that was closely related to Bradyrhizobium canariense BTA-1T with 99.4 % similarity. Analysis of three housekeeping genes, recA, atpD and glnII, suggested that the C. villosus strains represent a novel Bradyrhizobium species most closely related to B. canariense BTA-1T with similarities of 94.2, 96.7 and 94.5 %, respectively. All these differences were congruent with DNA–DNA hybridization analysis, which revealed 31 % relatedness between a representative strain (CTAW11T) isolated from C. villosus nodules and B. canariense BTA-1T. Phenotypic differences among the strains isolated from C. villosus and B. canariense were based on assimilation of carbon and nitrogen sources. The nodC and nifH genes of strain CTAW11T were phylogenetically related to those of strains belonging to bv. genistearum and divergent from those of bv. glycinearum and, accordingly, they do not nodulate soybean. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, our strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species for which the name Bradyrhizobium cytisi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CTAW11T ( = LMG 25866T = CECT 7749T).

Biochemical transformations of herbicide-derived anilines in culture medium and in soil

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Bordeleau ◽  
R. Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

A correlation was established between peroxidase activity of soil and its capacity to transform 3,4-dichloroaniline, a breakdown product of several herbicides, to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene. Supplementation of soil by carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial growth stimulated both activities, and pointed to the microbial origin of soil peroxidases. Several peroxidase-producing bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were isolated from soil and were characterized. On the basis of its rapid growth and high peroxidase activity, a Geotrichum candidum strain was selected for further study. The culture filtrate of this organism exhibited both peroxidase and aniline oxidase activity. The highest per milligram dry weight activity of these enzymes was observed after cultivation on a mineral salts medium supplemented with soil extract and yeast extract.

Optimization and Purifi cation of L-Asparaginase Produced by Streptomyces tendae TK-VL_333

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 528-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alapati Kavitha ◽  
Muvva Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Streptomyces Tendae

Cultural factors affecting the production of L-asparaginase by Streptomyces tendae isolated from laterite soil samples of Guntur region were investigated on glycerolasparagine- salts (modified ISP-5) broth. Optimal yields of L-asparaginase were recorded in the culture medium with the initial pH 7.0 incubated at 30 °C for 72 h. The strain utilized sucrose (2%) and yeast (2%) extract as carbon and nitrogen sources for L-asparaginase production. The productivity of L-asparaginase was slightly enhanced when the strain was treated with cell-disrupting agents like EDTA. The crude enzyme was purifi ed to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and CM-Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. By employing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the enzyme was recorded as 97.4 kDa. This is the first report on production and purification of L-asparaginase from S. tendae.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on L -Asparaginase Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohamed Mahroop Raja ◽  
A. Raja ◽  
S. Mohamed Salique ◽  
P. Gajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Marine Actinomycetes ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Production

Marine actinomycetes sediment samples were collected from Gulf of Mannar costal region, Kayalpatinam, located at Tuticorin district, Tamilnadu, India. Marine actinomycetes were isolated and evaluated for activity of L-asparaginase production. A total of 10 marine actinomycetes strains were isolated. Among 10 isolates, six were belongs to Streptomyces sp, three were belongs to Micromonospora sp and one was to Micropolyspora sp. Based on phenotypic characteristics, actinomycetes strains were screened for L-asparaginase production. Streptomyces sp KPMS5 and Micromonospora sp KPMS10 were showed large pink coloration on L-asparaginase production medium. The strains were further studied for maximum production and characterizations of culture condition of L-asparaginase enzyme were evaluated. Effect of substrate on L-asparaginase production was evaluated by enzyme assy. Maximum enzyme assay (1.4 mM) was observed on glucose followed by starch (1.12Mm) by Micromonospora sp KPMS10. In Streptomyces sp KPMS5 showed maximum of 1.25mM of enzyme assay on glucose substrate followed by lactose 1.17mM. Yeast extract was effectively used as substrate for maximum production of L-asparaginase by submerged fermentation. Further studies on purification and characterization are required to support the application of enzyme. The finding concludes isolates belongs to non-Streptomyces sp like Micromonospora sp is a potential novel source for L-asparaginase production.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 452-457

scholarly journals Improved Biosurfactant Production by Enterobacter cloacae B14, Stability Studies, and its Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
JINDARAT EKPRASERT ◽  
SASIWIMON KANAKAI ◽  
SULADDA YOSPRASONG
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

This work aimed to optimize carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of Enterobacter cloacae B14 and its biosurfactant (BS) production via One-Variable-At-a-Time (OVAT) method. The BS stability under a range of pH and temperatures was assessed. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for BS production were maltose and yeast extract, respectively, with a maximum BS yield of (39.8 ± 5.2) mg BS/g biomass. The highest emulsification activity (E24) was 79%, which is significantly higher than in the previous studies. We found that B14 BS can withstand a wide range of pH values from 2 to10. It could also function under a range of temperatures from 30–37°C. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) analysis confirmed that B14 BS is a glycolipid-like compound, which is rarely found in Enterobacter spp. Cell-free broth showed inhibition against various pathogens, preferable to Gram-positive ones. It had better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis than a commonly-used antibiotic, tetracycline. Furthermore, B14 broth could inhibit the growth of a tetracycline-resistant Serratia marcescens. Our results showed promising B14 BS applications not only for bioremediation but also for the production of antimicrobial products.

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