scholarly journals A short primer on the academic, societal, and animal welfare benefits of Open Science for animal science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Nawroth ◽  
E. Tobias Krause
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Welfare Benefits

A significant proportion of research is directly or indirectly supported through public funding. It is therefore imperative to make obtained scientific findings freely accessible and the way this knowledge is generated as transparently as possible. However, the traditional scientific publication system involves a number of obstacles likely to hinder the process of freely available scientific knowledge and transparency by including delays and restricted access in the proliferation of protocols and results, such as pay-walled journals and articles, long reviewing times, publication biases towards novel positive findings, and personal interests. While many tools are available to improve the transparency and accessibility of the scientific process and the subsequent research findings, the most powerful tool available is likely the implementation of Open Science practices. Open Science covers various aspects of the scholarly process, ranging from e.g. Open Access publishing of research articles, to providing Open Data and Protocols, to Open Science Evaluation (open peer review) and Open Science Tools such as Open Source software – with the primary goal of building on, reusing and openly criticizing the (published) body of scientific knowledge. While in certain research fields such as e.g. psychology or ecology, the application of these practices has been assessed and is growing rapidly, their current state and progress in other fields, such as animal science is, to our knowledge, not systematically assessed and implemented. While general academic and societal benefits of Open Science might be apparent (and more or less generalizable across disciplines), we here will further argue that the implementation of Open Science practices will also benefit the field of animal science by a stronger adherence to the 3R principles, to reduce the number of animals in research, refine protocols and methods and replace animals’ studies by animal-free alternatives.

scholarly journals Accelerating open science: The collaborative replications and education project (CREP)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerit Pfuhl ◽  
Jon Grahe
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Education Project ◽  
Science Practices

Watch the VIDEO.Recent years have seen a revolution in publishing, and large support for open access publishing. There has been a slower acceptance and transition to other open science principles such as open data, open materials, and preregistration. To accelerate the transition and make open science the new standard, the collaborative replications and education project (CREP; http://osf.io/wfc6u/)) was launched in 2013, hosted on the Open Science Framework (osf.io). OSF is like a preprint, collecting partial data with each individual contributors project. CREP introduces open science at the start of academic research, facilitating student research training in open science and solidifying behavioral science results. The CREP team attempts to achieve this by inviting contributors to replicate one of several replication studies selected for scientific impact and suitability for undergraduates to complete during one academic term. Contributors follow clear protocols with students interacting with a CREP team that reviews the materials and video of the procedure to ensure quality data collection while students are learning science practices and methods. By combining multiple replications from undergraduates across the globe, the findings can be pooled to conduct meta-analysis and so contribute to generalizable and replicable research findings. CREP is careful to not interpret any single result. CREP has recently joined forces with the psychological science accelerator (PsySciAcc), a globally distributed network of psychological laboratories accelerating the accumulation of reliable and generalizable results in the behavioral sciences. The Department of Psychology at UiT is part of the network and has two ongoing CREP studies, maintaining open science practices early on. In this talk, we will present our experiences of conducting transparent replicable research, and experience with preprints from a supervisor and researcher perspective.

scholarly journals Learning Open Science by doing Open Science. A reflection of a qualitative research project-based seminar

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279
Author(s):  
Isabel Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Participatory Technologies ◽  
Digital Knowledge

Openness in science and education is increasing in importance within the digital knowledge society. So far, less attention has been paid to teaching Open Science in bachelor’s degrees or in qualitative methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to use a seminar example to explore what Open Science practices can be taught in qualitative research and how digital tools can be involved. The seminar focused on the following practices: Open data practices, the practice of using the free and open source tool “Collaborative online Interpretation, the practice of participating, cooperating, collaborating and contributing through participatory technologies and in social (based) networks. To learn Open Science practices, the students were involved in a qualitative research project about “Use of digital technologies for the study and habitus of students”. The study shows the practices of Open Data are easy to teach, whereas the use of free and open source tools and participatory technologies for collaboration, participation, cooperation and contribution is more difficult. In addition, a cultural shift would have to take place within German universities to promote Open Science practices in general.

scholarly journals Open Developmental Science: An Overview and Annotated Reading List

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kalandadze ◽  
Sara Ann Hart
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reading List ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Starting Point

The increasing adoption of open science practices in the last decade has been changing the scientific landscape across fields. However, developmental science has been relatively slow in adopting open science practices. To address this issue, we followed the format of Crüwell et al., (2019) and created summaries and an annotated list of informative and actionable resources discussing ten topics in developmental science: Open science; Reproducibility and replication; Open data, materials and code; Open access; Preregistration; Registered reports; Replication; Incentives; Collaborative developmental science.This article offers researchers and students in developmental science a starting point for understanding how open science intersects with developmental science. After getting familiarized with this article, the developmental scientist should understand the core tenets of open and reproducible developmental science, and feel motivated to start applying open science practices in their workflow.

scholarly journals Organising RDM and Open Science Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Anne Sunikka
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Research Data Management ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Academic Personnel ◽  
And Training

This paper describes how the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture launched an initiative on research data management and open data, open access publishing, and open and collaborative ways of working in 2014. Most of the universities and research institutions took part in the collaborative initiative building new tools and training material for the Finnish research needs. Measures taken by one university, Aalto University, are described in detail and analysed, and compared with the activities taking place in other universities. The focus of this paper is in the changing roles of experts at Aalto University, and organisational transformation that offers possibilities to serve academic personnel better. Various ways of building collaboration and arranging services are described, and their benefits and drawbacks are discussed.

scholarly journals EPS and Open Science: an update

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
C. Rossel ◽  
L. van Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Way

The movement towards an Open Science is well engaged and irreversible. It includes Open Access publishing, Open Data and Open Collaborations with several new orientations, among which citizen science. Indeed, in the digital era, the way research is performed, its output shared and published is changing significantly, as are the expectations of policy makers and society at large.

scholarly journals Born-Open Data for E-Prime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Data Frame ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Access Data

Born-Open Data experiments are encouraged for better open science practices. To be adopted, Born-Open data practices must be easy to implement. Herein, I introduce a package for E-Prime such that the data files are automatically saved on a GitHub repository. The BornOpenData package for E-Prime works seamlessly and performs the upload as soon as the experiment is finished so that there is no additional steps to perform beyond placing a package call within E-Prime. Because E-Prime files are not standard tab-separated files, I also provide an R function that retrieves the data directly from GitHub into a data frame ready to be analyzed. At this time, there are no standards as to what should constitute an adequate open-access data repository so I propose a few suggestions that any future Born-Open data system could follow for easier use by the research community.

scholarly journals ‘Trust Us’: Open Data and Preregistration in Political Science and International Relations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bermond Scoggins ◽  
Matthew Peter Robertson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Replication Crisis

The scientific method is predicated on transparency -- yet the pace at which transparent research practices are being adopted by the scientific community is slow. The replication crisis in psychology showed that published findings employing statistical inference are threatened by undetected errors, data manipulation, and data falsification. To mitigate these problems and bolster research credibility, open data and preregistration have increasingly been adopted in the natural and social sciences. While many political science and international relations journals have committed to implementing these reforms, the extent of open science practices is unknown. We bring large-scale text analysis and machine learning classifiers to bear on the question. Using population-level data -- 93,931 articles across the top 160 political science and IR journals between 2010 and 2021 -- we find that approximately 21% of all statistical inference papers have open data, and 5% of all experiments are preregistered. Despite this shortfall, the example of leading journals in the field shows that change is feasible and can be effected quickly.

scholarly journals Improving Open Science Using Linked Open Data: CONICET Digital Use Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. e05
Author(s):  
Marcos daniel Zarate ◽  
Carlos Buckle ◽  
Renato Mazzanti ◽  
Gustavo Samec
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Semantic Web Technologies ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Scientific publication services are changing drastically, researchers demand intelligent search services to discover and relate scientific publications. Publishersneed to incorporate semantic information to better organize their digital assets and make publications more discoverable. In this paper, we present the on-going work to publish a subset of scientific publications of CONICET Digital as Linked Open Data. The objective of this work is to improve the recovery andreuse of data through Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data in the domain of scientific publications.To achieve these goals, Semantic Web standards and reference RDF schema’s have been taken into account (Dublin Core, FOAF, VoID, etc.). The conversion and publication process is guided by the methodological guidelines for publishing government linked data. We also outline how these data can be linked to other datasets DBLP, WIKIDATA and DBPEDIA on the web of data. Finally, we show some examples of queries that answer questions that initially CONICET Digital does not allow

scholarly journals Preregistration specificity & adherence: A review of preregistered gambling studies & cross-disciplinary comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Heirene ◽  
Debi LaPlante ◽  
Eric R. Louderback ◽  
Brittany Keen ◽  
Marjan Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Many ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Current Practices

Study preregistration is one of several “open science” practices (e.g., open data, preprints) that researchers use to improve the transparency and rigour of their research. As more researchers adopt preregistration as a regular research practice, examining the nature and content of preregistrations can help identify strengths and weaknesses of current practices. The value of preregistration, in part, relates to the specificity of the study plan and the extent to which investigators adhere to this plan. We identified 53 preregistrations from the gambling studies field meeting our predefined eligibility criteria and scored their level of specificity using a 23-item protocol developed to measure the extent to which a clear and exhaustive preregistration plan restricts various researcher degrees of freedom (RDoF; i.e., the many methodological choices available to researchers when collecting and analysing data, and when reporting their findings). We also scored studies on a 32-item protocol that measured adherence to the preregistered plan in the study manuscript. We found that gambling preregistrations had low specificity levels on most RDoF. However, a comparison with a sample of cross-disciplinary preregistrations (N = 52; Bakker et al., 2020) indicated that gambling preregistrations scored higher on 12 (of 29) items. Thirteen (65%) of the 20 associated published articles or preprints deviated from the protocol without declaring as much (the mean number of undeclared deviations per article was 2.25, SD = 2.34). Overall, while we found improvements in specificity and adherence over time (2017-2020), our findings suggest the purported benefits of preregistration—including increasing transparency and reducing RDoF—are not fully achieved by current practices. Using our findings, we provide 10 practical recommendations that can be used to support and refine preregistration practices.

scholarly journals Evidence on Research Transparency in Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Edward Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Radar Screen ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Research Transparency ◽  
Journal Policies ◽  
Economics Research

A decade ago, the term “research transparency” was not on economists' radar screen, but in a few short years a scholarly movement has emerged to bring new open science practices, tools and norms into the mainstream of our discipline. The goal of this article is to lay out the evidence on the adoption of these approaches – in three specific areas: open data, pre-registration and pre-analysis plans, and journal policies – and, more tentatively, begin to assess their impacts on the quality and credibility of economics research. The evidence to date indicates that economics (and related quantitative social science fields) are in a period of rapid transition toward new transparency-enhancing norms. While solid data on the benefits of these practices in economics is still limited, in part due to their relatively recent adoption, there is growing reason to believe that critics' worst fears regarding onerous adoption costs have not been realized. Finally, the article presents a set of frontier questions and potential innovations.

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