scholarly journals Quantity, vertical distribution and morphology of fine roots in Norway spruce stands with different stem density

Plant Root ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kucbel ◽  
Peter Jaloviar ◽  
Jozef Špišák
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Spruce Stands

Biomass, morphology and nutrient contents of fine roots in four Norway spruce stands

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Borken ◽  
Guido Kossmann ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Spruce Stands

Vertical distribution of the ectomycorrhizal community in the top soil of Norway spruce stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Scattolin ◽  
Lucio Montecchio ◽  
Elena Mosca ◽  
Reinhard Agerer
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Spruce Stands

Changes in soil organic matter composition after 130 years of afforestation in Jaun, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Carina Speckert ◽  
Guido Lars Bruno Wiesenberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Spruce Stands

<p>Following the Kyoto Protocol, afforestation has been acknowledged as a promising strategy for soil organic matter (SOM) conservation and to mitigate anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (Huang et al., 2011). However, the effect of carbon sequestration in soils depends on ecosystem properties, the former land use and on type of trees planted. Some studies showed a decline in SOM (Hiltbrunner et al., 2013) while others reported an increase in SOM 30 to 40 years after afforestation of former pastures (Thuille and Schulze, 2006). Thus, there is a need for well-designed and site-specific long-term experiments on a decadal scale to investigate changes in SOM dynamics following afforestation to predict the behaviour of carbon sequestration under changing environmental conditions. One approach to trace the sources of SOM is the application of molecular proxies like <em>n</em>-alkanes or fatty acids. Though, focusing only on one compound class may lead to flawed conclusions due to missing information offered by other compound classes. One way to obtain a more solid conclusion on the SOM dynamic in soils is the combination of multiple compound classes (Li et al., 2018). The aim of this project is to identify possible sources of OM in soils in a subalpine afforestation sequence (40-130 years) with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) on a former pasture in Jaun, Switzerland, by combining molecular proxies from several compound classes originating from various plant and microbial sources.</p><p>A higher (+70%) number of fine roots (<2mm) was observed under pasture soils compared to spruce soils of all forest stand ages. The lower root frequency and the changes in litter composition under spruce compared to pasture result in a decline in SOM quality. Hiltbrunner et al. (2013) observed a change in SOM quality following afforestation of former pasture as fine roots of grass have a lower lignin concentration (240 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) compared to fine roots of spruce (310 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). In our project we expect a decline in the SOC stocks, specifically in the younger (40 to 55yr) forest stands and a change in SOM quality following afforestation.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Hiltbrunner, D., Zimmermann, S., and Hagedorn, F. (2013). Afforestation with Norway spruce on a subalpine pasture alters carbon dynamics but only moderately affects soil carbon storage. Biogeochemistry, 115, 251-266.</p><p>Huang, Z., Davis, M. R., Condron, L. M., and Clinton, P. W. (2011). Soil carbon pools, plant biomarkers and mean carbon residence time after afforestation of grassland with three tree species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 1341-1349.</p><p>Li, X., Anderson, B. J., Vogeler, I., and Schwendenmann, L. (2018). Long-chain n-alkane and n-fatty acid characteristics in plants and soil-potential to separate plant growth forms, primary and secondary grasslands? Science of the Total Environment, 645, 1567-1578.</p><p>Thuille, A., and Schulze, E. D. (2006). Carbon dynamics in successional and afforested spruce stands in Thuringia and the Alps. Global Change Biology, 12, 325-342</p>

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Neighboring Trees and the Orientation of Tree Social Area on Stem Radial Increment of Norway Spruce Trees

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jan Světlík ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Pavel Bednář
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Social Area

Tree growth depends on many factors such as microsite conditions, vitality, and variations in climate and genetics. It is generally accepted that higher growth indicates both an economic benefit and better vitality of any tree. Here we use a modified approach of evaluating tree social area to study mutual tree competition based on the orientation and shape of trees social area. The investigation was performed in nine Norway spruce stands in the Czech Republic. The objective of this study performed from 2008 to 2012 was to quantify relative tree radial increments with respect to the lowest and highest competition found in specific sectors of tree social area (AS). Specific groups of trees (tree classes) were evaluated according to their classes (dominant, co-dominant and sub-dominant) and their composition status in ninety-degree sectors of AS using established classifying rules. The results showed that a spatially-available area (AA) is an inappropriate parameter for predicting tree growth, whereas AS provided robust explanatory power to predict relative radial growth. Tree size was observed as an important indicator of relative radial increments. A significantly positive correlation was found for a radial increment of sub-dominant trees with the lowest competition from western directions; whereas a negative correlation was observed when the lowest competition was observed from eastern directions. For dominant trees, there was an evident growth reaction only when more than 50% of the AS was oriented towards one of the cardinal points. Individual differences in the orientation of tree AS may be important parameters with regard to competition and its spatial variability within an area surrounding a particular tree and deserve more detailed attention in tree growth models and practice.

Fine-root distribution of coniferous plantations in relation to site in southern Buenos Aires, Argentina

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1575-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Ares ◽  
Norman Peinemann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

A study was conducted to determine the amounts and vertical distribution of fine roots <2 mm as a function of site quality in a temperate, hilly zone of Argentina. Fine roots were sampled in autumn from 0.2-ha plots established in 12 coniferous plantations of Pinushalepensis Mill., Pinusradiata D. Don, Cedrusdeodara (D. Don) G. Don, and Cupressussempervirens L.f. horizontalis, located in Sierra de la Ventana, southern Buenos Aires. Generally, root density was found to be higher under low-growth stands. The distance from a tree sometimes had an effect on root density, but no clear pattern within stands could be observed. Root density commonly decreased with depth, but slight irregularities in some profiles were observed. Site quality and soil type influenced root distribution. Belowground biomass up to a depth of 50 cm ranged from 1600 to 9800 kg•ha−1 in high-growth stands and from 5400 to 40 700 kg•ha−1 in low-growth stands. Soil organic matter content provided the best correlation with root density. A possible practical implication would be the use of indices related to vertical distribution of organic matter, among other variables, as complementary estimators of effective depth of rooting. The results strongly suggest that trees maintain a large fine-root system in poor sites at the expense of aboveground growth.

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