scholarly journals New species of Phaeomoniellales from a German vineyard and their potential threat to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) health

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
C. Kraus ◽  
U. Damm ◽  
S. Bien ◽  
R.T. Voegele ◽  
M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Spore Trapping

Recently, the order Phaeomoniellales was established that includes fungi closely related to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a phytopathogen assumed to be the main causal agent of the two most destructive grapevine trunk diseases, Petri disease and esca. Other species of this order are reported as pathogens of other economically important crops, like olive, peach, apricot, cherry, plum, rambutan, lichee or langsat. However, they are rarely isolated and hence, little is known about their ecological traits and pathogenicity. During a 1-yr period of spore trapping in a German vineyard divided in minimally and intensively pruned grapevines, 23 fungal strains of the Phaeomoniellales were collected. Based on morphological and molecular (ITS, LSU and tub2) analyses the isolated strains were assigned to eight different species. Two species were identified as P. chlamydospora and Neophaeomoniella zymoides, respectively. The remaining six species displayed morphological and molecular differences to known species of the Phaeomoniellales and are newly described, namely Aequabiliella palatina, Minutiella simplex, Moristroma germanicum, Mo. palatinum, Neophaeomoniella constricta and N. ossiformis. A pathogenicity test conducted in the greenhouse revealed that except for P. chlamydospora, none of the species of the Phaeomoniellales isolated from spore traps is able to induce lesions in grapevine wood.

scholarly journals Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Bahmani ◽  
Jafar Abdollahzadeh ◽  
Jahanshir Amini ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Zagros Region

AbstractGrapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals Detection of Grapevine Fungal Trunk Pathogens on Pruning Shears and Evaluation of Their Potential for Spread of Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Agustí-Brisach ◽  
M. León ◽  
J. García-Jiménez ◽  
J. Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Four vineyards visibly affected by trunk diseases were surveyed at pruning time in 2012 and 2013 in Spain, to determine whether pruning tools are capable of spreading grapevine trunk diseases from vine to vine. In each vineyard, pruning shears were regularly rinsed with sterile water, collecting liquid samples for analysis. Molecular detection of grapevine fungal trunk pathogens (GFTPs) was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect Botryosphaeriaceae spp. Eutypa lata, Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. All of these GFTPs, with the exception of E. lata, were detected in samples from the four vineyards, C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. Co-occurrence of two, three, or four different GFTPs from the same sample were found, the simultaneous detection of C. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. being the most prevalent. In addition, fungal isolation from liquid samples in semiselective culture medium for C. luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium spp., and P. chlamydospora was also performed but only C. luteo-olivacea was recovered from samples collected in three of four vineyards evaluated. Pruning shears artificially infested with suspensions of conidia or mycelial fragments of C. luteo-olivacea, Diplodia seriata, E. lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were used to prune 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of ‘110 Richter’ rootstock. Successful fungal reisolation from the cuttings 4 months after pruning confirmed that infested pruning shears were able to infect them through pruning wounds. These results improve knowledge about the epidemiology of GFTPs and demonstrate the potential of inoculum present on pruning shears to infect grapevines.

scholarly journals Screening and modes of action of antagonistic bacteria to control the fungal pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora involved in grapevine trunk diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Haidar ◽  
Jean Roudet ◽  
Olivier Bonnard ◽  
Marie Cécile Dufour ◽  
Marie France Corio-Costet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases

scholarly journals Arthropods Vector Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moyo ◽  
E. Allsopp ◽  
F. Roets ◽  
L. Mostert ◽  
F. Halleen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽  
Trunk Diseases

Arthropod-mediated dispersal of pathogens is known in many cropping systems but has never been demonstrated for grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Arthropods from vineyards were screened for the presence of pathogens associated with Petri disease and esca using cultural and molecular techniques. The ability of the most abundant pathogen-carrying species to inoculate healthy grapevine vascular tissues was also determined. Millipedes and ants were allowed to associate with a DsRed- Express-transformed Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, after which they were exposed to freshly pruned healthy grapevines under controlled conditions and wounds were monitored for subsequent infection. In addition, the possibility of millipede excreta, commonly found on pruning wounds in the field, to act as inoculum source was determined. A diverse arthropod fauna was associated with declining grapevines and many of these carried trunk disease pathogens. However, spiders, the ant Crematogaster peringueyi, and the millipede Ommattoiulus moreleti were the most abundant pathogen carriers. The ant and millipede species fed on pruning wound sap and effectively transmitted trunk disease pathogens. Millipede excreta contained viable spores of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and may serve as an inoculum source. Numerous arthropods, including beneficial predators, are potential vectors of grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach, including targeted management of ants and millipedes at the time of pruning, to limit the spread of grapevine trunk diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Xylem Anatomy of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Susceptibility to Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis K. Ramsing ◽  
David Gramaje ◽  
Sara Mocholí ◽  
Javier Agustí ◽  
Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santa María ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Stem Surface Area ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora in commercial rootstocks. In this study, we screen over 25 rootstocks for xylem characteristics and tolerance to both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum. Tolerance was measured by fungal incidence and DNA concentration (quantified via qPCR), while histological analyses were used to measure xylem characteristics, including xylem vessels diameter, density, and the proportion of the stem surface area covered by xylem vessels. Rootstocks were grouped into different classes based on xylem characteristics to assess the potential association between vasculature traits and pathogen tolerance. Our results revealed significant differences in all the analyzed xylem traits, and also in DNA concentration for both pathogens among the tested rootstocks. They corroborate the link between xylem vessels diameter and tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora. In Pm. minimum, the rootstocks with the widest xylem diameter proved the most susceptible. This relationship between vasculature development and pathogen tolerance has the potential to inform both cultivar choice and future rootstock breeding to reduce the detrimental impact of GTDs worldwide.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of grapevine endophytes against grapevine trunk pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Silva-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Toapanta ◽  
Maria de los Angeles Miccono ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Wood Extract ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

AbstractGrapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are a major challenge to the grape industry worldwide. GTDs are responsible for considerable loss of quality, production, and vineyard longevity. Seventy five percent of Chilean vineyards are estimated to be affected by GTDs. GTDs are complex diseases caused by several species of fungi, including Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. In this study, we report the isolation of 169 endophytic and 209 epiphytic fungi from grapevines grown under organic and conventional farming in Chile. Multiple isolates of Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., Purpureocillium lilacium, Epiccocum nigrum, Cladosporium sp., and Chaetomium sp. were evaluated for their potential of biocontrol activity against fungal trunk pathogens. Tests were carried out using two dual-culture-plate methods with multiple media types, including agar containing grapevine wood extract to simulate in planta nutrient conditions. Significant pathogen growth inhibition was observed by all isolates tested. C. rosea showed 98.2% inhibition of all pathogens in presence of grapevine wood extract. We observed 100% pathogen growth inhibition when autoclaved lignified grapevine shoots were pre-inoculated with either C. rosea strains or Trichoderma sp.. Overall these results show that C. rosea strains isolated from grapevines are promising biocontrol agents against GTDs.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Grapevine Endophytic and Rhizospheric Fungi Against Trunk Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidora Silva-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Toapanta ◽  
Maria de los Angeles Miccono ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Wood Extract ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are a major challenge to the grape industry worldwide. GTDs are responsible for considerable loss of quality, production, and vineyard longevity. Seventy-five percent of Chilean vineyards are estimated to be affected by GTDs. GTDs are complex diseases caused by several fungi species, including members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, considered some of the most important causal agents for these diseases in Chile. In this study, we isolated 169 endophytic and 209 rhizospheric fungi from grapevines grown under organic and conventional farming in Chile. Multiple isolates of Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp., Clonostachys rosea, Epicoccum nigrum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma sp. were evaluated for their potential of biocontrol activity against Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Pa. chlamydospora. Tests of antagonism were carried out using two dual-culture-plate methods with multiple media types, including agar containing grapevine wood extract to simulate in planta nutrient conditions. Significant pathogen growth inhibition was observed by all isolates tested. Clonostachys rosea showed 98.2% inhibition of all pathogens in the presence of grapevine wood extract. We observed 100% pathogen growth inhibition when autoclaved lignified grapevine shoots were pre-inoculated with either C. rosea strains or Trichoderma sp. Overall, these results show that C. rosea strains isolated from grapevines are promising biocontrol agents against GTDs.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Natural Antifungal Compounds in Controlling Infection by Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens through Pruning Wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 6474-6483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Cobos ◽  
Rosa María Mateos ◽  
José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Angel Olego ◽  
Silvia Sevillano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACTGrapevine trunk fungal pathogens, such asDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydospora, can infect plants through pruning wounds. They cause grapevine trunk diseases and are involved in grapevine decline. Accordingly, the protection of pruning wounds is crucial for the management of grapevine trunk diseases. The efficacy of different natural antifungals in inhibiting the growth of several fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases was evaluatedin vitro. The fungi showing greaterin vitroefficacy were tested on autoclaved grape wood assays againstD. seriataandP. chlamydospora. Based on results from these assays, chitosan oligosaccharide, vanillin, and garlic extract were selected for further evaluation on pruning wounds inoculated withD. seriataandP. chlamydosporain field trials. A significant decrease in plant mortality was observed after 2 years of growth in the plants treated with the different natural antifungals compared to the mortality rate observed in infected plants that were not treated with antifungals. Also, the infection rate for the inoculated pathogens was significantly reduced in plants treated with the selected natural antifungals. Therefore, natural antifungals represent a promising alternative for disease control and could provide significant economic benefits for the grape-growing industry.

scholarly journals Wood Metabolomic Responses of Wild and Cultivated Grapevine to Infection with Neofusicoccum parvum, a Trunk Disease Pathogen

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Labois ◽  
Kim Wilhelm ◽  
Hélène Laloue ◽  
Céline Tarnus ◽  
Christophe Bertsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Resveratrol Oligomer

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which are associated with complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, represent one of the major threats to vineyard sustainability currently. Botryosphaeria dieback, one of the major GTDs, is associated with wood colonization by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, especially Neofusicoccum parvum. We used GC-MS and HPLC-MS to compare the wood metabolomic responses of the susceptible Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera (V. v. subsp. vinifera) and the tolerant Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (V. v. subsp. sylvestris) after artificial inoculation with Neofusicoccum parvum (N. parvum). N. parvum inoculation triggered major changes in both primary and specialized metabolites in the wood. In both subspecies, infection resulted in a strong decrease in sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), whereas sugar alcohol content (mannitol and arabitol) was enhanced. Concerning amino acids, N. parvum early infection triggered a decrease in aspartic acid, serine, and asparagine, and a strong increase in alanine and β-alanine. A trend for more intense primary metabolism alteration was observed in V. v. subsp. sylvestris compared to V. v. subsp. vinifera. N. parvum infection also triggered major changes in stilbene and flavonoid compounds. The content in resveratrol and several resveratrol oligomers increased in the wood of both subspecies after infection. Interestingly, we found a higher induction of resveratrol oligomer (putative E-miyabenol C, vitisin C, hopeaphenol, ampelopsin C) contents after wood inoculation in V. v. subsp. sylvestris.

scholarly journals Protection of grapevine pruning wounds against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Diplodia seriata by biological and chemical methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Martínez-Diz ◽  
Emilia Díaz-Losada ◽  
Ángela Díaz-Fernández ◽  
Yolanda Bouzas-Cid ◽  
David Gramaje
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACTThe grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) Botryosphaeria dieback and esca threaten the sustainability of the grapevine industry worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various liquid (pyraclostrobin + boscalid and thiophanate methyl) and paste (paste + tebuconazole) formulation fungicide treatments, and biological control agents (Trichoderma atroviride SC1 and T. atroviride I-1237), for their potential to prevent infection of grapevine pruning wounds by Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in two field trials over two growing seasons. Treatments were applied to freshly pruned wounds following their label dosages recommendations. After 24 hours, wounds were artificially inoculated with 400 spores of D. seriata or 800 spores of P. chlamydospora. Isolations were made from the treated pruning wounds after 12 months to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Fungicide formulations were superior to Trichoderma-based treatments for the control of both pathogens during both growing seasons, with mean percent disease control of 44 to 95% for D. seriata and 46 to 67% for P. chlamydospora. Pyraclostrobin + boscalid was the most effective treatment. Trichoderma atroviride-based treatments did not reduce infection by D. seriata or P. chlamydospora compared to the untreated inoculated control in both vineyards and seasons. This study represents the first vineyard assessment of several chemical and biological treatments to protect pruning wounds against GTDs fungi in Europe and provides growers with tangible preventative control practices to minimize yield losses due to GTDs.

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