scholarly journals Geodina (Pezizomycetes: Wynneaceae) has a single widespread species in tropical America

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
D.H. Pfister ◽  
L. Quijada ◽  
K.F. Lobuglio
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
New Family ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Tropical America

Geodina salmonicolor is shown to be a synonym of G. guanacastensis, the type and only species of the genus. Comparisons of ITS rDNA sequences of a paratype and two recent collections of G. guanacastensis with published ITS sequences of G. salmonicolor, from the Dominican Republic, show that these are nearly identical. When G. salmonicolor was erected no sequences of the type species were available. Morphological comparisons supports the conspecificity. Details regarding the description of G. salmonicolor are pointed out. A four-gene phylogeny places Geodina and Wynnea as a supported sister group to the rest of the Sarcoscyphaceae. Species in these genera share morphological traits of cyanophobic spore markings, dark angular outer excipular cells that give rise to hairs and the origin of several apothecia from a common basal stalk. Their occurrence on soil rather than on wood or plant material distinguish them from other Sarcoscyphaceae. Based on morphology, phylogenic relationships and trophic interactions we erect a new family, Wynneaceae, for Geodina and Wynnea.

Rediagnosis of the squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896, with a new genus Sternostylus and a new family Sternostylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostyloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4524 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEIJI BABA ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG ◽  
KAREEN E. SCHNABEL
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Squat Lobster ◽  
Terminal Spine ◽  
New Family ◽  
Left And Right

The chirostyloidean squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896 is revised and is split into two genera: Gastroptychus sensu stricto (type species, Ptychogaster spinifer A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and Sternostylus new genus (type species, Ptychogaster formosus Filhol, 1884). Gastroptychus sensu stricto, is restricted to nine species with a sternal plastron, at sternite 3, abruptly demarcated from the preceding sternites (excavated sternum) by a distinct step forming a well-defined transverse or concave anterior margin at the articulation with maxillipeds 3, the maxillipeds 3 widely separated, with the distal parts accommodated in the excavated sternum between the left and right maxillipeds 3 when folded, and the P2–4 dactyli with the terminal spine demarcated by a suture. Sternostylus new genus, represented by 12 species, has the sternite 3 anteriorly bluntly produced medially and steeply sloping anterodorsally to the anterior sternite, with a pair of spines directly behind the anterior margin, the left and right maxillipeds 3 adjacent, and the P2–4 dactyli ending in an indistinctly demarcated corneous spine. The above-mentioned characters of Gastroptychus are consistent with Chirostylidae sensu stricto. Published molecular phylogenies indicate, however, that Sternostylus is the sister group to all the other Chirostylidae, and is designated the type genus of a new family, Sternostylidae. 

scholarly journals Inti (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) a peculiar new genus from tropical America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2729 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
CHRISTER HANSSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
One New Species

Inti gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae), is described from Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic, and includes one new species, I. levis sp. nov. The new genus is characterized by four autapomorphies, and the possession of an additional 14 synapomorphies. Inti is compared to the Australian genus Horismenoides Girault with which it shares the most apomorphies, indicating a possible sister-group relationship. The relationship of Inti to the tribe Euderomphalini and to other groups in the subfamily is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Ustyurtiidae, a new family of Urodoidea with description of a new genus and two species from Kazakhstan, and discussion on possible affinity of Urodoidea to Schreckensteinioidea (Lepidoptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Kari Nupponen ◽  
Pavel Yu. Gorbunov ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Maria Heikkilä
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
New Family ◽  
Group Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological Differences

Ustyurtiidae Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, a new family of Urodoidea is introduced. The family is based on the genus Ustyurtia Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, gen. n. The genus includes the type species U. zygophyllivora Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, sp. n. and U. charynica Kaila, Heikkilä & Nupponen, sp. n., both from Kazakhstan. These two species, in particular the immature stages, have morphological attributes apomorphic of Urodoidea. The close affinity is also supported by DNA data based on several markers. We consider this new family warranted due to its sister group position to the remaining Urodoidea and a number of significant morphological differences in wing venation, male genitalia and the structure of the cocoon, apomorphic for Ustyurtiidae on the basis of an earlier published phylogeny. All other recognized genera of Urodoidea belong to the family Urodidae. The closest relatives and phylogenetic position of Urodoidea are not firmly established, but Urodoidea and Schreckensteinioidea have morphological similarities which, in the light of genetic analyses appear synapomorphic and possibly uniting these groups, rather than homoplasious as assumed earlier. The affinities of these superfamilies are discussed.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

The fossil record of Phasmida (Insecta: Neoptera)

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Tilgner
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Molecular Clock Dating

AbstractA review of the Phasmida fossil record is provided. No fossils of Timema Scudder are known. Euphasmida fossils include: Agathemera reclusa Scudder, Electrobaculum gracilis Sharov, Eophasma oregonense Sellick, Eophasma minor Sellick, Eophasmina manchesteri Sellick, Pseudoperla gracilipes Pictet, Pseudoperla lineata Pictet and various unclassified species from Grube Messel, Baltic amber, and Dominican Republic amber. The oldest documented Euphasmida fossils are 44-49 million years old; molecular clock dating underestimates the origin of the sister group Timema by at least 24 million years.

Nucularcidae: a new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pojeta Jr. ◽  
Christopher A Stott
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
New Family ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Northeastern Usa ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The new Ordovician palaeotaxodont family Nucularcidae and the new genus Nucularca are described. Included in Nucularca are four previously described species that have taxodont dentition: N. cingulata (Ulrich) (the type species), N. pectunculoides (Hall), N. lorrainensis (Foerste), and N. gorensis (Foerste). All four species are of Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian Katian) age and occur in eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Ctenodonta borealis Foerste is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nucularca lorrainensis. No new species names are proposed. The Nucularcidae includes the genera Nucularca and Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977). Sthenodonta occurs in central Australia in rocks of Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) age. The 12 family group names previously proposed for Ordovician palaeotaxodonts having taxodont dentition are reviewed and evaluated in the Appendix.

Apertochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): A heterogeneric phantom? 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4238 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATSUSHI MOCHIZUKI ◽  
CHARLES S. HENRY ◽  
PETER DUELLI
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Group Relationships

The small lacewing genus Apertochrysa comprises species from Africa, Asia and Australia. All lack a tignum, but otherwise resemble distantly related genera. We show that Apertochrysa does not form a monophyletic clade, based on analyses of molecular sequence data and morphological traits such as the presence and shape of the male gonapsis, wing venation, and larval setae. Apertochrysa kichijoi forms a clade with Eremochrysa, Suarius and Chrysemosa, whereas A. albolineatoides belongs to a clade that includes Cunctochrysa. Apertochrysa albolineatoides should become a new combination as Cunctochrysa albolineatoides, while A. kichijoi will have to be transferred to a new genus. The Australian A. edwardsi, the African A. eurydera and the type species of the genus Apertochrysa, A. umbrosa, join the large Pseudomallada group. Relationships of A. umbrosa are less certain, because for it we could amplify only one of the three nuclear genes used in the overall analysis. However, in all morphological traits tested, that species strongly resembles A. edwardsi and A. eurydera and thus is very likely just another exceptional Pseudomallada lacking a tignum. The fate of the genus name Apertochrysa depends on additional molecular and morphological analyses of A. umbrosa. 

STUDIES OF COPROPHILOUS ASCOMYCETES: II PHAEOTRICHUM, A NEW CLEISTOCARPOUS GENUS IN A NEW FAMILY, AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Germ Pore ◽  
Delayed Dispersal ◽  
New Family ◽  
Transverse Septum

Phaeotrichum hystricinum Cain and Barr is described from specimens collected in Ontario, Vermont, New York, and Michigan and is made the type species of a new genus. It has been found on porcupine dung from numerous localities. The black, shining, superficial ascocarps are covered with scattered straight black appendages. The clavate stalked asci are in irregular fascicles, eight spored, and with a firm wall which is evanescent at maturity. The ascospores are two-celled, thick-walled, deeply constricted, and readily separating at the transverse septum. There is a large conspicuous germ pore at each end of the ascospore. P. circinatum Cain is described from specimens collected on lemming dung in Northern Ungava, Quebec. This species is distinguished from the former by means of the appendages, which are stouter and curved at the apex. These two species are closely related and very similar to the ostiolate Trichodelitschia bisporula (Crouan) Munk. The new genus is made the type of a new family of cleistocarpous Ascoloculares, with a discussion on the evolution, in many Ascomycete taxa, of cleistocarps adapted either to the utilization of special agencies, rather than air currents, for carrying the ascospores or to delayed dispersal.

New circumscription of Cryptanthus and new Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera  (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular phylogeny

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELTON M. C. LEME ◽  
SASCHA HELLER ◽  
GEORG ZIZKA ◽  
HEIDEMARIE HALBRITTER
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Stigma Morphology ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Petal Size

The authors provide a new circumscription for genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” of Bromeliaceae subfam. Bromelioideae, originally composed of Cryptanthus, Lapanthus, Orthophytum, and Sincoraea, on the basis of new or re-evaluated ecological, geographical and morphological evidence, as well as molecular phylogenies. A new generic status is proposed for Cryptanthus subg. Hoplocryptanthus and two new genera, Forzzaea, and Rokautskyia, as well as four new subgenera in Orthophytum (Capixabanthus, Clavanthus, Krenakanthus, and Orthocryptanthus) are described to render taxonomic units monophyletic. The recognized taxa are well circumscribed by the combination of geographical range, ecology and morphological characters (sex distribution, leaf succulence, sepal and petal size and connation, petal appendages, pollen and stigma morphology, fruit size, calyx persistency, seed size and number per fruit). Field collected living specimens of 78 of the 81 species of Cryptanthus s.l., all species of Lapanthus, 58 of the 59 species of Orthophytum, and all species of Sincoraea were analysed in habitat and/or in cultivation, allowing the documentation and illustration of new and underutilized characters. The molecular analysis incorporated 91 accessions representing 33 species of Cryptanthus, all species (3) of Lapanthus, 42 species of Orthophytum, and 9 species of Sincoraea, including the type species for the first three genera and four outgroup taxa. The results suggest, that some morphological characters generally considered homoplasious for Bromelioideae, for the “Cryptanthoid complex”, are not homoplasious at least within the obtained, biogeographycally well delimited clades and their taxonomical utility is redeemed.

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