scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the genus Zygorhizidium: Zygorhizidiales and Zygophlyctidales ord. nov. (Chytridiomycetes, Chytridiomycota)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seto ◽  
S. Van Den Wyngaert ◽  
Y. Degawa ◽  
M. Kagami
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Current Classification

During the last decade, the classification system of chytrids has dramatically changed based on zoospore ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny. In contrast to well-studied saprotrophic chytrids, most parasitic chytrids have thus far been only morphologically described by light microscopy, hence they hold great potential for filling some of the existing gaps in the current classification of chytrids. The genus Zygorhizidium is characterized by an operculate zoosporangium and a resting spore formed as a result of sexual reproduction in which a male thallus and female thallus fuse via a conjugation tube. All described species of Zygorhizidium are parasites of algae and their taxonomic positions remain to be resolved. Here, we examined morphology, zoospore ultrastructure, host specificity, and molecular phylogeny of seven cultures of Zygorhizidium spp. Based on thallus morphology and host specificity, one culture was identified as Z. willei parasitic on zygnematophycean green algae, whereas the others were identified as parasites of diatoms, Z. asterionellae on Asterionella, Z. melosirae on Aulacoseira, and Z. planktonicum on Ulnaria (formerly Synedra). According to phylogenetic analysis, Zygorhizidium was separated into two distinct order-level novel lineages; one lineage was composed singly of Z. willei, which is the type species of the genus, and the other included the three species of diatom parasites. Zoospore ultrastructural observation revealed that the two lineages can be distinguished from each other and both possess unique characters among the known orders within the Chytridiomycetes. Based on these results, we accommodate the three diatom parasites, Z. asterionellae, Z. melosirae, and Z. planktonicum in the distinct genus Zygophlyctis, and propose two new orders: Zygorhizidiales and Zygophlyctidales.

Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Deronectina Galewski, 1994 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Hydroporini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4474 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS FERY ◽  
IGNACIO RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

The subtribe Deronectina Galewski, 1994 (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini) is distributed in the Nearctic, in the north of the Neotropical region, and in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. It is currently composed of 194 species and 13 subspecies in eight genera: Amurodytes Fery & Petrov, 2013, Boreonectes Angus, 2010, Deronectes Sharp, 1882, Nebrioporus Régimbart, 1906, Oreodytes Seidlitz, 1887, Scarodytes Gozis, 1914, Stictotarsus Zimmermann, 1919, and Trichonectes Guignot, 1941. We present a morphological and a molecular phylogeny of the species of the subtribe, and a revision of their taxonomy to accommodate our phylogenetic results. The morphological phylogeny is based on the study of 54 characters of the adults of 189 species and 2 subspecies, of which 114 species and the 2 subspecies were coded in the morphological matrix. For the molecular phylogeny we investigated 115 species and 11 subspecies, using a combination of fragments of four mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, tRNA-Leu and NAD1) and two nuclear genes (18S rRNA and H3), analysed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. For both datasets we included the type species of all genus-group taxa. The morphological, molecular and combined phylogenies mostly agree with the current classification of the group, but in some cases our results are in contradiction with established genera. Most remarkable are the polyphyly of Stictotarsus and Nebrioporus, the low support for the monophyly and internal phylogeny of Oreodytes, and the low support for the monophyly of Deronectina with molecular data. Thus, we introduce some taxonomic changes in the current classification to accommodate the generic concepts to our phylogenetic results. Nine new genera are established: Clarkhydrus n. gen. (type species Hydroporus roffii Clark, 1862), Hornectes n. gen. (type species Hydroporus quadrimaculatus Horn, 1883), Iberonectes n. gen. (type species Deronectes bertrandi Legros, 1956), Larsonectes n. gen. (type species Potamonectes minipi Larson, 1991), Leconectes n. gen. (type species Hydroporus striatellus LeConte, 1852), Mystonectes n. gen. (type species Deronectes neomexicanus Zimmerman & Smith, 1975), Nectoboreus n. gen. (type species Hydroporus aequinoctialis Clark, 1862), Nectomimus n. gen. (type species Oreodytes okulovi Lafer, 1988), and Zaitzevhydrus n. gen. (type species Hydroporus formaster Zaitzev, 1908). Three genera are reinstated as valid: Deuteronectes Guignot, 1945 (stat. rest.) (type species Hydroporus picturatus Horn, 1883), Nectoporus Guignot, 1950 (stat. rest.) (type species Hydroporus abbreviatus Fall, 1923), and Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne, 1940 (stat. rest.) (type species Hydroporus natrix Sharp, 1884). Thirty-six new combinations for species and subspecies thus far treated in the genera Boreonectes, Nebrioporus, Oreodytes and Stictotarsus result from the new classification: Clarkhydrus corvinus (Sharp, 1887) n. comb., C. decemsignatus (Clark, 1862) n. comb., C. deceptus (Fall, 1932) n. comb., C. eximius (Motschulsky, 1859) n. comb., C. falli (Nilsson, 2001) n. comb., C. interjectus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., C. minax (Zimmerman, 1982) n. comb., C. opaculus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., C. roffii (Clark, 1862) n. comb., C. spectabilis (Zimmerman, 1982) n. comb., Deuteronectes angustior (Hatch, 1928) n. comb., Hornectes quadrimaculatus (Horn, 1883) n. comb., Iberonectes bertrandi (Legros, 1956) n. comb., Larsonectes minipi (Larson, 1991) n. comb., Leconectes striatellus (LeConte, 1852) n. comb., Mystonectes coelamboides (Fall, 1923) n. comb., M. grammicus (Sharp, 1887) n. comb., M. neomexicanus (Zimmerman & Smith, 1975) n. comb., M. panaminti (Fall, 1923) n. comb., M. titulus (Leech, 1945) n. comb., Nectoboreus aequinoctialis (Clark, 1862) n. comb., N. dolerosus (Leech, 1945) n. comb., N. funereus (Crotch, 1873) n. comb., Nectomimus okulovi (Lafer, 1988) n. comb., Nectoporus angelinii (Fery, 2015) n. comb., N. congruus (LeConte, 1878) n. comb., N. crassulus (Fall, 1923) n. comb., N. obesus obesus (LeConte, 1866) n. comb., N. obesus cordillerensis (Larson, 1990) n. comb., N. rhyacophilus (Zimmerman, 1985) n. comb., N. sanmarkii sanmarkii (C.R. Sahlberg, 1826) n. comb., N. sanmarkii alienus (Sharp, 1873) n. comb., N. sierrae (Zimmerman, 1985) n. comb., N. subrotundus (Fall, 1923) n. comb., Zaitzevhydrus formaster formaster (Zaitzev, 1908) n. comb., and Z. formaster ulanulana (C.-K. Yang, 1996) n. comb. 

The Two Kinds of Depression According to St. Paul

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (500) ◽  
pp. 779-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Altschule
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
Similar Classification

One current classification of depression divides the syndrome into psychotic and non-psychotic varieties. It is interesting that a similar classification developed over a thousand years ago out of some words of St. Paul. In his Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Ch. 7, v. 10, Paul wrote: “For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of, but the sorrow of the world worketh death.” The word sorrow used in English translations of the Bible stood for the tristitia of Latin versions (Greek λνπη); connoting sadness, sorrow, despondency, depression. Paul's distinction between the two kinds of tristitia, the one “from God” and the other “of the world”, led mediaeval theologians to enlarge on differences between the two kinds of depression.

scholarly journals Steroids and/or Cytotoxic Agents Should Be Used Early in the Management of Patients with IPF -- The Con Argument

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K Field
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Corticosteroid ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

The recently published American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement distinguishes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), also known as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), from the other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) (1). Although the current classification of IIPs is different from the one developed by Liebow and Carrington (2) in the 1960s, the description of UIP has not changed, and it is still recognized as having distinctive clinical and pathological features that distinguish it from the other IIPs. IPF responds differently to systemic corticosteroid (steroid) therapy and has a different prognosis than the other IIPs, such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, which previously were felt to be variants of the same condition (1,3,4). Despite therapy, most patients with IPF experience a progressive decline in pulmonary function, leading to respiratory failure and death, unless they undergo lung transplantation.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 123-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Khamis Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Palearctic Species

The genus Asteralobia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini, Schizomyiina) was erected by Kovalev (1964) based on the presence of constrictions on the cylindrical male flagellomeres. In the present study, we examine the morphological features of Asteralobia and Schizomyia and found that the male flagellomeres are constricted also in Schizomyiagaliorum, the type species of Schizomyia. Because no further characters clearly separating Asteralobia from Schizomyia were observed, we synonymize Asteralobia under Schizomyia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports our taxonomic treatment. We describe five new species of Schizomyia from Japan, S.achyranthesae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.diplocyclosae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.castanopsisae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., S.usubai Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and S.paederiae Elsayed & Tokuda, sp. n., and redescribe three species, S.galiorum Kieffer, S.patriniae Shinji, and S.asteris Kovalev. A taxonomic key to the Japanese Schizomyia species is provided.

Comparative morphology of the adductor mandibulae musculature of notothenioid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
TETSUO IWAMI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Character Distribution ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Jaw Musculature

The jaw musculature of notothenioid fishes is described and compared based on a total of 38 species referred to eight families of the suborder Notothenioidei. In the Notothenioidei, the adductor mandibulae, the largest and most conspicuous of the cranial muscles, is generally composed of sections A1, A2, A3 and Aw as in the generalized percoids. The morphology of the adductor mandibulae is similar in most notothenioid families except the Nototheniidae and Bathydraconidae. Notothenia, Paranotothenia and Dissostichus are clearly distinguished from the other nototheniid genera in having A3. Gymnodraco of the Bathydraconidae has a fused A1-A2 complex and the anterior element is segmented by a tendinous intersection from the A1-A2 complex. These features are unique to Gymnodraco and not seen in other bathydraconids. The Harpagiferidae and Artedidraconidae share the same apomorphy, the presence of A1β, with the Nototheniidae and have no synapomorphies with the Bathydraconidae and Channichthyidae. The character distribution, however, shows some inconsistencies with the previous classifications. Based on the limited evidence obtained in this study, the Notothenioidei can be divided into six groups and it seems reasonable to suggest a review of the current classification of the Nototheniidae.

scholarly journals Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of American shrimps of the genus Cryphiops Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) implies a proposal for reversal of precedence with Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 155-198
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Mantelatto ◽  
Leonardo G. Pileggi ◽  
João A. F. Pantaleão ◽  
Célio Magalhães ◽  
José Luis Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Multigene Phylogeny ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
South Brazil

The freshwater shrimp genus Cryphiops Dana, 1852 has a disjunct distribution in North (Mexico) and South (Brazil, Chile) America, and is composed of only six species. The current classification of genera in the Palaemonidae is controversial, based on variable morphological characters, and still far from a clear definition. Cryphiops differs from the speciose genus Macrobrachium Spence Bate, 1868 only by the absence of the hepatic spines on the carapace. Previous studies with a limited dataset suggested the necessity to link morphology and phylogeny to create an internal rearrangement in the genus to resolve the paraphyletic status. Through a molecular phylogenetic approach, the evolutionary relationships are inferred based on four (mitochondrial and nuclear) genes, among all recognized species of Cryphiops and, in combination with a taxonomic revision, a rearrangement in the systematics of the genus is suggested. The absence of hepatic spines on the carapace, the only character used to separate the genus Cryphiops, is subjective and should be considered as a homoplasy. This implies that Cryphiops and Macrobrachium are subjective synonyms and, because the latter genus is much more diverse and widely known, with several economically important species, to avoid confusion and disturbance in nomenclatural stability and keep universality, a proposal for the priority of the older synonym (Cryphiops) to be partially suppressed in favor of maintaining the prevailing use of the younger synonym (Macrobrachium) is presented. As the species of Cryphiops should be accommodated in the genus Macrobrachium, new names to replace three preoccupied specific names that, by this action, resulted to be secondary homonyms are offered.

scholarly journals Oosagitta gen. nov. from tropical Africa, with revision of two species and description of four new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kortenhaus ◽  
Thomas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Median Lobe ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Distribution Maps

After our taxonomic revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837, and the description of Oothecoides Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2011 and Ootibia Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2012, it became clear that a further four galerucine species, closely related to the above named taxa, form a distinct monophyletic group, that constitutes a new genus, Oosagitta gen. nov. with O. anningae sp. nov., O. geescheae sp. nov., O. melanopicta sp. nov. and O. thomasi sp. nov.. Exosoma angolensis Laboissière, 1939, the type species of the new genus, and Ergana minuta Laboissière, 1937 are newly transferred to Oosagitta gen. nov. All species of Oosagitta gen. nov. are characterized by a broad body and pronotum, a more or less convex dorsum and short legs, and as such are most similar to the other above named genera. The antennae of Oosagitta gen. nov. are distinctly longer than those of Ootheca, Oothecoides and Ootibia. Genital structures of the males allow a reliable identification of the genus. (Re-)descriptions are given for all species, including semi-schematic illustrations depicting the habitus outline, shape of the basal antennomeres and the median lobe. Photographs of the name-bearing types and distribution maps are provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Odysseas A. Archontikis ◽  
Jeremy R. Young ◽  
Lluïsa Cros
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Distinctive Group

The genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne is one of the most taxonomically confusing modern coccolithophores and its species level taxonomy has long been in a state of flux. Based on the review of imaged specimens from our collections, we attempt to rectify the nomenclatural problems and elucidate the obfuscated taxonomy of the genus. Review of included formally and informally described species shows that they are a distinctive group with shared characters, including ten different morphotypes of probable species level. Two of these, including the type species A. fragaria, have been shown to form life-cycle associations with heterococcoliths of the Syracosphaera molischii type. Hence, all species are transferred to Syracosphaera and the new combinations S. periperforata, S. lafourcadii, and S. origami are proposed. In addition, various informally described morphotypes are now formally described as Syracosphaera molischii var. pertusa, S. periperforata var. cylindrata, S. periperforata var. tridentata, S. rotaconica, and S. elevata. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E5D4BD7-BC3B-4D30-B319-964AC887DDDE

Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 3, deconstructing the Family Isididae

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-272
Author(s):  
ESPRIT HEESTAND SAUCIER ◽  
SCOTT C. FRANCE ◽  
LES WATLING
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
History Of

Bamboo corals are distinguished from most other octocorals by an articulated skeleton. The nodes are proteinaceous and sclerite-free while the internodes are composed of non-scleritic calcium carbonate. This articulation of the skeleton was thought to be unique and a strong synapomorphy for the family Isididae. Our phylogeny, based on the amplification of mtMutS and 18S, shows an articulating skeleton with sclerite-free nodes has arisen independently at least five times during the evolutionary history of Octocorallia rather than being a synapomorphy characteristic of a monophyletic bamboo coral clade. The family Isididae is currently composed of four subfamilies (Circinisidinae, Isidinae, Keratoisidinae, and Mopseinae). Not only is the family polyphyletic, but our genetic analyses suggest also the subfamily Isidinae is polyphyletic based on current taxonomic classifications, and Mopseinae is not monophyletic. The type, Isis, is found outside of the well-supported Calcaxonia – Pennatulacea clade where the other members of Isididae cluster. The current classification of the family Isididae does not reflect the evolutionary history of an articulated skeleton. To better reflect the evolutionary history of these taxa we propose that three of the four the subfamilies, the genus Isidoides, and genera within the subfamily Isidinae, be elevated to family level to produce a classification with five families with a bamboo-like skeleton: Chelidonisididae, Isididae, Isidoidae, Keratoisididae, and Mopseidae.  

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