Animal Models for Retinoid Receptor Research: Implications for Epidermal Homeostasis, Skin Barrier Function, Wound Healing, and Atopic Dermatitis

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert B. Ghyselinck ◽  
Pierre Chambon
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Retinoid Receptor ◽  
Epidermal Homeostasis ◽  
Receptor Research

A Novel Multi-Action Emollient Plus Cream Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: In vitro and Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Marika Quadri ◽  
Roberta Lotti ◽  
Laura Bonzano ◽  
Silvana Ciardo ◽  
Mario Bruno Guanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Epidermal Homeostasis

Background: Emollients capable of restoring the skin barrier function would extend their role beyond basic maintenance therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives: Investigate the effect of a novel emollient plus cream (EC; Dermoflan®) on the skin barrier in vitro and in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Methods: The effect of EC on the skin barrier recovery was evaluated using a tape-stripping (TS) model. After TS, organ cultures were treated with EC (undiluted or diluted 1:1 with water) and analyzed at 18–120 h using hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent techniques. In a double-blind, randomized study, EC or placebo was applied once daily for 2 months to antecubital folds of the upper and lower limbs of patients with mild-to-moderate AD in clinical remission. Epidermal thickness, vascularization, and epidermal hydration were assessed by optical coherence tomography and corneometry, respectively, at baseline, and 1 and 2 months following treatment initiation. Results: Following TS, EC treatment significantly increased epidermal thickness and lipid content versus diluent in the skin organ culture, as well as claudin-1, involucrin, and caspase-14 expression, suggesting skin barrier repair. EC treatment also decreased keratin-16 expression and increased levels of Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 versus diluent, suggesting involvement in regulating the epidermal immune response. In 20 patients randomized 1:1 to EC or placebo, EC treatment at the elbow fold/popliteal fossa significantly decreased epidermal thickness after 2 months, and the number of blood vessels at the elbow fold after 1 and 2 months, versus placebo. EC significantly improved the skin hydration after 2 months versus baseline. Conclusions: This novel multi-action EC may help to restore epidermal homeostasis and improve the skin of patients with AD. Results indicate that this novel multi-action EC could be a valid adjuvant therapy in patients with AD. Key Message: Novel multi-action emollient cream helps to restore epidermal homeostasis and improves the skin affected by AD.

scholarly journals Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez ◽  
María-Victoria Segura-Fernández-Nogueras ◽  
Isabel Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Soler-Gongora ◽  
Antonio Martinez-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psoriatic Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Healthy Controls

Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to evaluate disease severity accurately. Thus, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare skin barrier function between healthy skin, psoriatic skin and AD skin; and (2) to assess if skin barrier function parameters could predict disease severity. A cross-sectional study was designed, and epidermal barrier function parameters were measured. The study included 314 participants: 157 healthy individuals, 92 psoriatic patients, and 65 atopic dermatitis patients. TEWL was significantly higher, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (8.71 vs. 38.43 vs. 44.39 Arbitrary Units (AU)) was lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved psoriatic skin and healthy controls. Patients with both TEWL > 13.85 g·m−2h−1 and temperature > 30.85 °C presented a moderate/severe psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index (PASI) ≥ 7), with a specificity of 76.3%. TEWL (28.68 vs. 13.15 vs. 11.60 g·m−2 h−1) and temperature were significantly higher, while SCH (25.20 vs. 40.95 vs. 50.73 AU) was lower at AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin and healthy controls. Patients with a temperature > 31.75 °C presented a moderate/severe AD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) ≥ 37) with a sensitivity of 81.8%. In conclusion, temperature and TEWL values may help clinicians to determine disease severity and select patients who need intensive treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in nano-mechanical properties of human epidermal cornified cells in children with atopic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Marek Haftek ◽  
Maeve A McAleer ◽  
Ivone Jakasa ◽  
WH Irwin McLean ◽  
Sanja Kezic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Strongly Correlated

Background: Impaired skin barrier is an important etiological factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The structural protein filaggrin (FLG) plays a major role in maintenance of the competent skin barrier and its deficiency is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mechanical injury. Here we examined biomechanical characteristics of the corneocytes in children with AD and healthy controls. Methods: We recruited 20 children with AD and 7 healthy children. They were genotyped for filaggrin gene (FLG) loss-of-function mutations. Stratum corneum was collected from clinically unaffected skin by adhesive tapes. Cell stiffness (apparent elastic modulus, Ea) was determined by atomic force microscopy and filaggrin degradation products (NMF) by liquid chromatography. Skin barrier function was assessed through trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and disease severity by the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool. Results:  Corneocytes collected from AD patients showed a decreased elastic modulus which was strongly correlated with NMF and TEWL, but not with SCORAD. As compared with healthy controls, AD patients had reduced TEWL and NMF levels regardless of FLG mutations. NMF was strongly correlated with TEWL. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that AD patients have decreased corneocyte stiffness which correlates with reduced levels of filaggrin degradation products, NMF and skin barrier function. Altered mechanical properties of the corneocytes likely contribute to the loss of mechanical integrity of the SC and to reduced skin barrier function in AD.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Phototherapy With 308-nm Excimer Light for Skin Microbiome Dysbiosis and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Yong Park ◽  
Seon-Myeong Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Skin

The management of canine atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disorder, is challenging. To investigate the effect of phototherapy using a 308-nm excimer light as a topical treatment for canine atopic dermatitis, 10 dogs with canine atopic dermatitis and 10 with non-allergic skin were enrolled in this study. Phototherapy was applied every 7 days for a total of 2 months. The skin microbiome, skin barrier function, and clinical outcomes were evaluated after phototherapy. Phototherapy significantly changed the composition of the skin microbiome of dogs with atopic dermatitis and significantly increased the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. It significantly alleviated the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis without serious adverse effects. Transepidermal water loss, as a measure of skin barrier function, significantly decreased after phototherapy. In addition, phototherapy increased microbial diversity and decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with the severity of canine atopic dermatitis. These results suggest that the excimer light therapy is a suitable and safe therapeutic option for canine atopic dermatitis, which is also a spontaneous animal model of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Fermented Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice through Modulating Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Seong ◽  
Choung
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Immune Balance

Morinda citrifolia, a fruit generally known as “Noni”, has been traditionally used in parts of East Asia to relieve inflammatory diseases. Although several studies using noni have been reported, the effect of fermented Morinda citrifolia (F.NONI) on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the improving effect of F.NONI treatment on AD-like skin lesions and elucidate molecular mechanisms. F.NONI was prepared by the fermentation of noni fruit with probiotics and then extracted. F.NONI was orally administrated to NC/Nga mice to evaluate its therapeutic effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD. Oral administration of F.NONI significantly alleviated AD lesions and symptoms such as dermatitis scores, ear thickness, scratching behavior, epidermal thickness, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (e.g., mast cells and eosinophils). In addition, F.NONI treatment reduced the levels of histamine, IgE and IgG1/IgG2a ratio, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in serum and beneficially modulated the expressions of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22-mediated cytokines in lesioned skin and splenocytes. Furthermore, the expressions of the skin barrier-related proteins including filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), involucrin (IVL), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin (OCC) were restored by F.NONI treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that F.NONI could be a therapeutic agent to attenuate AD-like skin lesions through modulating the immune balance and skin barrier function.

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