scholarly journals FEATURES OF BREEDING VALUE INHERITANCE SIRES OF HOLSTEIN BREED

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
А. P. Кrugliak ◽  
Т. О. Кrugliak
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Additive Form

In our studies, the phenotypic manifestation of the additive form of inheritance of breeding value by milk yield (intermediate and parental dominance) was in 334 (82.2%) bulls, and non-additive form (over-dominance and regression) – in 72 (17.8%) including: over-dominance in 55 (13.5%) and regression in 17 heads (4.2%). In the population assessment, for all forms of inheritance, there was a clear quantitative shift of the breeding value of sons of milk yield to positive (+) values, compared with the breeding value of their parents. This confirms that sons, selected after their evaluation, and recognized as milk yield improvers. The variability of the breeding value of sons by milking depending on the forms of its inheritance has been established. According to the group of bulls by intermediate type of inheritance, milk yield sign were found in 291 (71.7%) sons, whose pedigree value was 606.4 ± 11.6 kg and was higher than the half-sum of both parents (554 kg), which deviates from the action of intermediate inheritance at 52 kg (109%). After all, the recognition of the intermediate nature of inheritance involves obtaining in the offspring of animals with the same set of chromosomes as their parents, and hence with the same phenotype. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, genetic progress in the population should be not expected from this group of animals. However, in this case, the increase in breeding value was 9%, which is statistically significant (P > 0.99). A rather high variability of the breeding value of sons from its level in their parents with an intermediate form of inheritance has been established. Thus, of the 159 bulls-breeders in which the breeding value was inherited by intermediate form, only 30 sons (7.3% of the total population) of the bull Duster 2147488 (BV +579 kg and mothers with an average BV +632 kg, half the amount of the BV of both parents was +605 kg), was +605.5 ± 30.8 kg and was equal to the half-sum of the BV of both parents, and 9 (2.2%) sons of the bull Manfred 2183007, whose breeding value was, on average, at the population level +856.3 ± 37.6 kg and was equal to the half-sum of the indicator of the parents' BV (+851 kg). The inheritance of breeding value of bulls on quantitative signs of milk productivity in highly consolidated breeds on these signs, at intra-breeding selection occurs by a combination of phenotypic display of action of additive and non-additive (super-dominance) forms of inheritance. The frequency of these forms of inheritance probably is determined by the number and quality of chromosome pairs in the karyotype of animals on the probable basis of their manifestation in the population [15]. The relative variability of breeding value by milk yield along the line "father – son" and "mother – son" depends on the form of its inheritance. The coefficient of phenotypic correlation between the breeding value of parents and sons in the intermediate form of inheritance is +0.524 – +0.560 and increases with parental dominance to +0.907 ± 0.040 and +0.985 ± 0.006, and over-dominance to +0.887 ± 0.044 and +0.905 ± 0.033, at high statistical significant. Inheritance by non-additive form (over-dominance of both parents) is more effectively associated with increasing of breeding value by milk yield their sons than by the additive form.

scholarly journals Individual-Level and Population-Level Lateralization: Two Sides of the Same Coin

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Frasnelli ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategies ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

Lateralization, i.e., the different functional roles played by the left and right sides of the brain, is expressed in two main ways: (1) in single individuals, regardless of a common direction (bias) in the population (aka individual-level lateralization); or (2) in single individuals and in the same direction in most of them, so that the population is biased (aka population-level lateralization). Indeed, lateralization often occurs at the population-level, with 60–90% of individuals showing the same direction (right or left) of bias, depending on species and tasks. It is usually maintained that lateralization can increase the brain’s efficiency. However, this may explain individual-level lateralization, but not population-level lateralization, for individual brain efficiency is unrelated to the direction of the asymmetry in other individuals. From a theoretical point of view, a possible explanation for population-level lateralization is that it may reflect an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) that can develop when individually asymmetrical organisms are under specific selective pressures to coordinate their behavior with that of other asymmetrical organisms. This prediction has been sometimes misunderstood as it is equated with the idea that population-level lateralization should only be present in social species. However, population-level asymmetries have been observed in aggressive and mating displays in so-called “solitary” insects, suggesting that engagement in specific inter-individual interactions rather than “sociality” per se may promote population-level lateralization. Here, we clarify that the nature of inter-individuals interaction can generate evolutionarily stable strategies of lateralization at the individual- or population-level, depending on ecological contexts, showing that individual-level and population-level lateralization should be considered as two aspects of the same continuum.

scholarly journals Dairy Cow Culling - Reasons And Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triin Rilanto ◽  
Kaari Reimus ◽  
Toomas Orro ◽  
Ulf Emanuelson ◽  
Arvo Viltrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Weibull Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background Culling is a major cost for dairy farms but also an essential part in managing herd productivity. The study aimed to identify the culling rates of Estonian dairy cows, identify the farmers´ stated reasons and risk factors for culling. This observational study used registry data of all cows from herds with ≥20 cow-years in 2013-2015. Cow lactation-level analyses included data of 86,373 primiparous cows from 409 herds and 177,561 lactations of 109,295 multiparous cows from 410 herds. Weibull proportional hazard regression models were used to identify risk factors for culling due to slaughter or death.Results The overall culling rate of Estonian dairy cows was 26.24 (95% CI 26.02; 26.46) per 100 cow-years. The most common farmers´ stated reasons for culling were feet/claw disorders (26.4%), udder disorders (22.6%), metabolic and digestive disorders (18.1%) and fertility problems (12.5%). Animal-level risk factors for culling were Holstein breed, older parity, lower milk yield breeding value, older age at first calving, longer previous calving interval, having assisted calving, stillbirth and birth of twins/triplets. Lower milk yield, somatic cell count over 200,000 cells/ml and fat/protein ratio over 1.5 at first test-milking after calving were associated with greater culling hazard during the lactation. Cows from larger herds, herds with decreasing size and higher milk yields had higher culling probability.Conclusions This study emphasises the need for improved management of hoof health and prevention of mastitis and metabolic diseases. It is essential to ensure easy calving and good health of cows around calving in order to lower the culling hazard.

EVALUATION OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED SIRES BY THE QUALITY OF OFFSPRING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.И. САКСА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Приведены результаты использования быков голштинской породы, оцененных по качеству потомства, в хозяйствах Российской Федерации, в зависимости от происхождения, метода разведения и уровня их племенной ценности в стране происхождения. Анализ материалов оценки голштинских быков по качеству потомства показал, что из 1995 быков 40,9% являются улучшателями удоя (+183 кг молока, +7,2 кг молочного жира), 52,7% — нейтральными (-86 кг молока, -3,3 кг молочного жира) и только 0,3% — ухудшателями (-407 кг молока, -15,2 кг молочного жира). Высокая доля нейтральных быков (52,7%) и отрицательная оценка их племенной ценности по удою — результат действующей «инструкции», согласно которой производителям при оценке до -1404 кг молока по сравнению со сверстницами присваивают категорию «нейтральный». Выявлены племенные качества голштинских быков в зависимости от метода разведения. Высокую племенную ценность по удою (+439 кг молока) имеют голштинские быки, оцененные по качеству потомства на маточном поголовье скота ярославской породы. Племенная ценность быков, оцененных на маточном поголовье холмогорского скота, составила +153 кг, на поголовье черно-пестрого — +23 кг молока; при чистопородном разведении — +5 кг молока. Результаты использования импортной спермы 196 быков различного происхождения на поголовье 17087 дочерей-первотелок (8665 кг молока, 3,89% жира, 3,23% белка) свидетельствуют, что одни и те же быки имели наиболее высокую племенную ценность по удою при скрещивании с черно-пестрыми коровами (от +100 кг до 272 кг молока) по сравнению с чистопородным разведением (от +14 кг до -81 кг молока). Вышеуказанная закономерность сохраняется при оценке голштинских быков различного происхождения с уровнем племенной ценности до +601 кг молока в стране происхождения. Только выдающиеся по своим племенным качествам производители (+601 кг молока и более в стране происхождения), оцененные в отечественных стадах, имели высокую племенную ценность как при чистопородном разведении (+490 кг молока), так и при скрещивании (+539 кг молока) при продуктивности дочерей свыше 9000 кг молока. Выделены быки с высокими индивидуальными значениями племенной ценности. Для совершенствования продуктивных качеств скота голштинской породы необходимо использовать в воспроизводстве быков с оценкой племенной ценности по удою методом «дочери—сверстницы» не менее +200 кг молока. Требования к уровню племенной ценности быков увеличиваются с ростом продуктивности стад. The results of the use of Holstein breed bulls, evaluated by the merit of the offspring, in the farms of the Russian Federation, depending on the origin, breeding method and the level of their breeding value in the country of origin, are presented. Analysis of data for evaluating Holstein bulls by the merit of their offspring showed that out of 1995 bulls 40.9% are milk yield improvers (+183 kg of milk, +7.2 kg of milk fat), 52.7% are neutral (-86 kg of milk, -3, 3 kg of milk fat) and only 0.3% — deteriorating (-407 kg of milk, -15.2 kg of milk fat). The high proportion of neutral bulls (52.7%) and a negative evaluation of their breeding value for milk yield is the result of the current “instruction”, according to which sires, when evaluating up to -1404 kg of milk compared to their herd-mates, are assigned the category “neutral”. The breeding merits of Holstein bulls were revealed depending on the breeding method. Holstein bulls have a high breeding value for milk yield (+439 kg of milk), evaluated by their offspring merit when using Yaroslavl cattle mothers. The breeding value of bulls evaluated on the Kholmogory breeding mothers was +153 kg, on the Black and White stock - +23 kg of milk; with purebred breeding — +5 kg of milk. The results of using imported semen from 196 sires of various origins in a herd of 17087 first-calf daughters (8665 kg of milk, 3.89% fat, 3.23% protein) indicate that the same bulls had the highest breeding value for milk yield when mated with Black and White cows (+100 kg to +272 kg of milk) in comparison with purebred breeding (+14 kg to -81 kg of milk). The above mentioned rule holds true when evaluating Holstein bulls of various origins with a breeding value of up to +601 kg of milk in the country of origin. Only top sires with outstanding breeding merit (+601 kg of milk and more in the country of origin), evaluated in domestic herds, had a high breeding value both in pure-bred stocks (+490 kg of milk) and when crossing (+539 kg of milk) with the productivity of daughters over 9000 kg of milk. Bulls with high individual values of breeding merit have been identified. In order to improve the productive qualities of Holstein cattle, it is necessary to use bulls with the evaluation of the milk yield breeding merit of at least 200 kg of milk by the "daughter-herd mates" method. The requirements for the level of breeding value of bulls increase with the increase of the herd productive ability.

FACTORS OF EVALUATION OF BREEDING BULLS AND MANAGEMENT OF BREEDING POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Н.А. ПОПОВ ◽  
В.Ю. СИДОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Significant Difference

В статье рассмотрены цифровой формат оценки племенной ценности инбредных быков-производителей по качеству потомства и ее влияние на последующие поколения животных. Выявление инбредного гетерозиса у производителей помогает сделать оценку быков по качеству потомства более информативной за счет определения глубины изменения параметров генетической структуры популяции и степени увеличения частоты рецессивных генов в подконтрольных популяциях. Одной из причин значительной разницы в удое, МДЖ и МДБ российских и американских коров голштинской породы являлась их удаленность от родоначальника. Другой причиной считается стремление селекционеров к инбридингу на выдающихся предков, однако в случае инбредного гетерозиса высокие показатели родителей быстро затухают в последующих поколениях потомков. Исследования были проведены в хозяйствах Московской области малой и средней производственной мощности. Для сравнения проанализированы результаты оценки быков-производителей из США и других стран с высокоразвитым молочным скотоводством. Методами изучения были имитационный и регрессионный анализ данных первичного зоотехнического учета и собственных исследований. Эксперимент показал, что быки-производители с высокими степенями родства уменьшали изменчивость признаков молочности среди дочерей: по удою — на 77,9%; по МДЖ — на 33,4%; по МДБ — на 36,0%, по сравнению с отцами, имеющими низкие степени родства. При этом в их поголовье в первом поколении повышается генетический тренд по удою на 14,3—21,4%, а племенная ценность — на 10,8—26,8%. В настоящее время в зарубежных популяциях голштинской породы широко применяют геномный метод оценки племенной ценности, при котором не требуется информация о родословных животных и не учитывается степень их родства, что отрицательно влияет на получение высококачественного потомства. Повышение племенной ценности по признакам в популяции сыновей и внуков быков-лидеров породы угасает, если в генофонде родителей имел место инбредный гетерозис. The article considers of the inbred breeding bulls breeding value by offspring quality and its impact on subsequent generations of animals’ digital format assessing. Identification of inbred heterosis helps to make the bulls’ assessment by the offspring quality more informative, by determining the depth of changes in the genetic structure of the population parameters and the recessive genes at populations frequency degree increase controlling. One of the reasons for the significant difference in milk yield, MJ and MDB of Russian and American Holstein cows was their distance from the ancestor. Another reason is considered to be of the breeders to inbreeding for outstanding ancestors’ desire, but in the case of inbred heterosis, high rates of parents quickly fade in descendants in subsequent generations. The research was carried out in the farms of the Moscow region of small and medium production capacity. For comparison, the results of the evaluation of breeding bulls in the United States and other countries with highly developed dairy cattle breeding were analyzed. The research methods were simulation and regression analysis of primary zootechnical accounting data and authors’ own research. Experimental data showed that breeding bulls with high degrees of relation reduced the variability of milk production among daughters by milk yield in 77.9%: for MJ in 33.4%; for MDB in 36.0% in compared with fathers with relation’s low degrees. At the same time, in livestock’s first generation, the genetic trend in milk yield increases in 14.3—21.4%, and the breeding value in 10.8—26.8%. Currently, the genomic method of assessing the breeding value is widely used in foreign populations of the Holstein breed, which does not require information about the pedigrees of animals, and does not take into account the degree of their kinship, which negatively affects the production of high-quality offspring. The breeding qualities of the sons of the bull leaders of the breed are quickly disabled the surge of increased breeding value by signs in the population of sons and grandchildren of bulls-leaders of the breed is fading if inbred heterosis took place in the parents' gene pool.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC AND PARATHIPIC FACTORS ON THE TRAITS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
А. M. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Fisher’S Criterion ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out to study the influence of genotypic and paratypical factors on the traits of milk production of cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed LLC "Mena-Avangard" Chernihiv region. In the conditions of pedigree herd, studied four groups of crossbred animals with conditional share heredity of Holstein breed: I – < 62.5%; ІІ – 62.6–75.0; III – 75.0–87.5 and IV – 87.6 and > . According to results of researches cow’s crossbred groups of breeding herd Ukrainian Red-and-White breed with a different conditional blood by Holstein breed, was found reliable influence of heredity of improving breed on the level of milk yield and output of milk fat in the dynamics of estimated lactation. Cow’s milk yield with each heredity increase of improver breed grew respectively by 12.5% within crossbred groups. Thus, when comparing cow's group of Holstein blood < 62.5% with their counterparts with blood 62.6–75.0%, advantage was 301 kg in favor of the latter with reliable difference at P < 0.01. Next blood increase to 75.0–87.5% led to a corresponding increase in yield at 262 kg (P < 0.01). Animals with heredity Holstein breed 87.6% higher than the previous generation dominated with a high difference 345 kg of milk (P < 0.001). The blood flow of Holstein breed by 25% resulted in increased milk yield of first-calf cows by 908 kg (P < 0.001). The fat content in milk through this crossing the blood decreased only 0.05% and was not confirmed by reliability, whereas milk fat yield increased with a high significance difference of 31.9 kg (P < 0.001). According to results of one-factor dispersion analysis, was found that value of yield and output level of milk fat in the first lactation cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, respectively, by 5.5–6.2 and 4.7–9.2%, depend on paratypical factors (year and season of birth and year and season of the first calving), as confirmed by high reliability according to Fisher's criterion. The level of milk yield and milk fat cows in first lactation significantly - correspondingly 25.3 and 15.8%, depending on the conditional share of heredity Holstein breed. However, the highest rates of influence on yield level and milk fat of the first-calf cows were obtained by size of comprehensive selection index of cow's mother (57.1 and 44.7%), average breeding value of mother for milk yield (64.4 and 45.4%), and for milk fat (53.5 and 38.9%). With high reliability on indicators of milk production influencing standardized breeding value parent by quantity of milk yield and milk fat (= 0.283 and 0.178). Calculations show that dispersion of traits development of yield and milk fat of cows first-calf due to the influence of heredity of sires used lines and is respectively 15.7 and 10.9%. Fisher's criterion reliability by these indicators exceed the threshold of the third level (P < 0.001). Thus, the power of influence heredity of Holstein breed, selection indexes of mothers and parents of cows and father lines on the milk yield level and milk yield output indicating the possibility of effective breeding of the studied dairy cattle by selection of ancestors with a high estimation of selection indices and pedigree value.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF PEDIGREE VALUE OF PROVEN BULLS DURING THE USE OF THEIR SEMEN IN SELECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
А. P. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Initial Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The results of research on the variability of breeding value of proven bulls of the Holstein breed during 8-year utilization of their semen in herds of German Holstein and Red-and-White breeds are presented. The correlation coefficients between the estimation of the breeding value, obtained as a result of the first assessment with a high rank of repeatability (75% and above) and revaluation of the second year of the use of bulls were +0.747 ± 0.133 and constantly decreased with subsequent revaluation up to +0.320 ± 0.271, obtained during the 8th year of using their semen. There is also a straightforward regression between the values of the breeding value of each subsequent estimate to the first breeding value (Rni / 1), which decreased from 0.880 ± 0,153 between the indicators of the second and the first up to 0.185 ± 0.189 – the eighth with the first estimate. On the basis of correlation coefficients and regression between the indicators of the first assessment with a rank of repeatability of 75% and above with its (annual) revaluations, the genetic trend of milk productivity in the populations of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White dairy breeds during 2010–2017 years, and the results of previous research, a forecasting method has been developed duration of preservation of proven bulls breeding value, depending on its initial level. The duration of keeping the bulls breeding value according to the indicators of milk productivity of Ukrainian black-and-white and red-and-white dairy breeds depends on its initial level and the size of the genetic trend. The bulls with an initial breeding value up to 500 kg of milk keep it within the limits of the plus variant for 4 years, 501–1000 – 8; 1001–1500 – 11; 1501–2000 – 15 and 2001–2500 – 18 years. In the process of researching the variability of the pedigree values of bulls by the results of their daughters' productivity, obtained in different generations, we have established the following factors that influence the accuracy of its forecasting for the th year of the use of bulls: - method of assessing breeding value (should use the same method of evaluation for all bulls); - repeatability of the results of the first assessment of the breeding value (must be at least 75%, depending on the number of daughters and herds in which the assessment is carried out); - the peculiarities of the animal genotypes on which the first estimate is made (genetic progress of the milk productivity of different breeds is different); - level of milk production of herds; - the breeding value of other bulls used in herds.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF SERVICING BULLS BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Т.В. Шишкина ◽  
Т.А. Гусева
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ability Index ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Penza Oblast

В последние десятилетия широко используются комплексные индексы хозяйственной и племенной ценности животных, которые определяются на основе централизованного сбора и анализа данных о результатах использования быков в различных природно-экономических условиях. В нашей стране племенные достоинства быков-производителей оценивают по продуктивным качествам их дочерей. Исследования по оценке быков-производителей по качеству потомства были проведены в условиях ООО «УК «Русмолко» Пензенской области. С этой целью были отобраны быки-производители голштинской породы компании Alta Genetics Russia, проведена оценка племенной ценность быков по комплексу признаков, проанализирована продуктивность дочерей быков по производственным качествам, проведена оценка производителей сравнением дочерей со сверстницами, рассмотрена реализация генетического потенциала продуктивности коров, рассчитан удой дочерей быков в зависимости от NM$ и ППС. В результате исследований установлено, что при подборе производителей для закрепления за стадом допустимо руководствоваться показателями индекса пожизненной прибыли, при этом целесообразно руководствоваться расчетом прогнозируемого удоя по индексу передающей способности производителя. In recent decades, complex economic and estimated breeding values of animals have been widely used. They are determined on the basis of centralized collection and analysis of data on the results of using bulls in various natural and economic conditions. In our country, the breeding qualities of servicing bulls are assessed by the productive qualities of their daughters. Studies to assess servicing bulls by the quality of their offspring were carried out in the conditions of OOO (LLC) “UK “Rusmolko” of Penza oblast. For this purpose, servicing bulls of the Holstein breed of Alta Genetics Russia were selected, the breeding value of bulls was assessed by a set of traits, the productivity of the daughters of bulls was analyzed in terms of production qualities, the servicing bulls were assessed by comparing their daughters with the peers, the implementation of the genetic potential of cows’ productivity was considered, the milk yield of the daughters was calculated depending on NM$ (lifetime net merit) and PTA (predicted transmitting ability). As a result of the research, it was found that when selecting servicing bulls for assigning to a herd, it is permissible to be guided by the indicators of the lifetime merit index, it is also advisable to be guided by the calculation of the predicted milk yield according to the predicted transmitting ability index.

scholarly journals Efficiency of breeding value genomic assessment of Holstein stud bulls in comparison with the assessment of the offspring quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06045
Author(s):  
Yulia Isupova ◽  
Maria Kuznetsova ◽  
Ekaterina Gimazitdinova ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

A comparative analysis of the genomic assessment results of Holstein breed stud bulls and their assessment on the offspring quality in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic was carried out. To analyze the efficiency of using stud bulls assessed by different methods, data from farms included in the ranking of the top 20 enterprises in terms of milk yield per cow for 2019-2020 were used. A high indicator of the complex LPI index (over 2500) was obtained in three bulls at the beginning of the assessment, by the end of the assessment there were two bulls left - J. Koln-M 11087837 and Super 64131037. The outsiders of the LPI ranking were stud bulls Parlament 52800347 and Patrik 51660096. The indicators of the complex LPI index are at a decent level for all analyzed stud bulls. It should be noted that stud bulls, which had the least change in the LPI index from April 1, 2014 to December 1, 2017, performed well. Bulls, which initially had overestimated results on this indicator, subsequently gave a sharp decline in the LPI index. The value of milk productivity of the evaluated stud bulls' daughters ranged from 5930 to 6415 kg, the mass fraction of fat in milk - from 3.79 to 4.02%, protein - from 3.06 to 3.11%. In most cases, the genomic assessment does not accurately reflect the change in the productive quality of stud bulls' daughters. But in the case of a predicted change to a positive or negative side in the genome, it is also confirmed by the results of assessing the offspring quality, that is, if a bull is predicted to have a sharp decrease in milk yield, then negative indicators are observed according to the “daughter-peer” method.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED ON GENOTYPIC AND PARATYPIC FACTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Leontiі Khmelnychyi ◽  
Valeriia Pryimachok ◽  
Maksym Prokopovych ◽  
Serhii Kholod ◽  
Serhii Hryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Dairy Breed

Researches to study the milk productivity dependence of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows on genotypic and paratypic factors were conducted in the breeding farm PAE "Piskivske" Bakhmach district of Chernihiv region. The most representative five genotypic groups of animals divided by the conditional share of heredity of Holstein breed were studied: I - livestock with a share of blood 50.01-56.25; II - 56.26-62.50; III - 62.51-75.00 and IV - 75.01-87.50; V - 87.51% and <. By comparing different genotype groups of cows installed dependence of yield amount on conditional share of inheritance Holstein breed. With the growth conditional proportion of Holstein blood, milk yield increased during the evaluated first three and higher lactations. The high and reliable effect was found on the yield amount of cows firstborn by factors of birth (  = 0.329) and calving (   = 0.336). The share of birth and calving season influence on milk yield although insignificant but reliable and amounted to 3.7 and 5.3%, respectively. The value of milk yield of cows firstborn in the controlled herd greatly depended on the sire genotype (  = 0.315), cow's conditional blood by Holstein breed (  = 0.264), father breeding value (   = 0.335) and mother cow's father (  = 0.340), paternal (   = 0.163) and maternal line (   = 0.089). According to research results was substantiated expediency of monitoring selection information, identification and use of animal-specific patterns of leading traits development of milk productivity depending on the geno-  and paratypic factors influence in the selection process of pedigree herd formation.

scholarly journals Dairy Cow Culling - Reasons And Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triin Rilanto ◽  
Kaari Reimus ◽  
Toomas Orro ◽  
Ulf Emanuelson ◽  
Arvo Viltrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Weibull Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background Culling is a major cost for dairy farms but also an essential part in managing herd productivity. The study aimed to identify the culling rates of Estonian dairy cows, identify the farmers´ stated reasons and risk factors for culling. This observational study used registry data of all cows from herds with ≥20 cow-years in 2013-2015. Cow lactation-level analyses included data of 86,373 primiparous cows and 177,561 lactations of 109,295 multiparous cows. Weibull proportional hazard regression models were used to identify risk factors for culling due to slaughter or death. Results The overall culling rate of Estonian dairy cows was 26.24 (95% CI 26.02; 26.46) per 100 cow-years. The most common farmers´ stated reasons for culling were feet/claw disorders (26.4%), udder disorders (22.6%), metabolic and digestive disorders (18.1%) and fertility problems (12.5%). Animal-level risk factors for culling were Holstein breed, older parity, lower milk yield breeding value, older age at first calving, longer previous calving interval, having assisted calving, stillbirth and birth of twins/triplets. Lower milk yield, somatic cell count over 200,000 cells/ml and fat/protein ratio over 1.5 at first test-milking after calving were associated with greater culling hazard during the lactation. Cows from larger herds, herds with decreasing size and higher milk yields had higher culling probability. Conclusions This study emphasises the need for improved management of hoof health and prevention of mastitis and metabolic diseases. It is essential to ensure easy calving and good health of cows around calving in order to lower the culling hazard.

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