scholarly journals CONFORMATION TYPE OF FIRST-CALF COWS OF HOLSTEIN BREED EVALUATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
B. M. Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Score System ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Final Score

The research was carried out in the aspect of estimating first-calf cows of the Holstein breed (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed with a conditional Holstein bloodline above 93.75%) by the conformation type. Estimation of the conformation type of cows was performed according to the method of linear classification according to the latest ICAR recommendations at the age of 2–4 months after calving by two systems: 9-score, with a linear description of 18 conformation body parts and 100-score system taking into account four sets of breeding traits, that characterize: expression of dairy type, body development, legs condition and morphological qualities of udder. Each conformation complex was estimated independently having its own weight in the final score of the animal: dairy type – 15%, body – 20%; legs – 25% and udder – 40%. The research base was the herd of breeding farm of the company "Ukrlandfarming" PE "Buryns'ke" Pidlisnivskyi branch in Sumy region. The obtained indicators of linear classification of first-born cows according to the 100-score system showed that within the four sets of traits the average level of assessment was within the range of "good with plus". Experimental animals were characterized by good development of group traits of dairy type (83.5 score), body condition (82.8 score), limbs (83.6 score), udder (83.8 score) and the final assessment (83.5 score). The level of estimates for development of 18 main descriptive conformation traits of first-born cows, provided by the method of linear classification, differed in significant intra-herd variability (16.5–38.1%). The estimated animals of the pedigree farm were characterized by well-defined height (6.7 score), body depth (7.2 score), angularity (7.5 score), rump angle (5.2 score) and width (6.6 score), pelvic limbs posture (7.5 score), fore (7.3 score) and rear (7.2 score) udder parts attachment, central ligament (7.5 score), udder depth (6.8 score) and locomotion (7.3 score). In general, conformation type of first-born cows had a fairly good characteristic of the descriptive traits that determine their dairy type of productivity. The use of the method of linear classification in the selection process of dairy cattle will be a very effective means of objective determination of the breed characteristics of the conformation type of cows. The presence of relationship between the final type assessment and the level of milk productivity will facilitate effective breeding in the selection of animals for this trait.

scholarly journals EXTERIOR FEATURES OF COWS FIRSTBORN OF SUMY INTRABREED TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE, ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
A. V. Loboda ◽  
D. A. Bardash
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Body Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

To study the traits of exterior type of firstborn cows of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed, a research was carried out in the breeding flock in Sumy region. The first-calf cows were estimated by the method of linear classification according to the age of 2–4 months after calving in two systems – 9-score, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits, and a 100-point classification system, taking into account four sets of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body development, condition of legs and feet, and udder morphological qualities. Results of linear estimation cows firstborn in the experimental herd on a 100-point scale indicated that traits within the group average final score was in the range of "good plus." Cows-firstborn were characterized by good development of group traits defining their dairy type (82.9 score), body trait development (84.1 score), condition of legs and feet (82.3 score), udder (82.6 score) and final type score (82.9 score). The development level of 18 conformation traits of cows showed their significant variability inside a controlled herd. In general, estimated animals in the breeding flock of PE "Burynske" of Pidlisnivskoy branch were characterized by well-defined height, body depth, angularity, rump angle, rump width, fore udder attachment, central ligament and udder depth. The results of linear classification showed that body structure of the first-born cows of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed at the present stage of selection had a rather good characteristic of descriptive traits that determined their dairy type. According to results of research, first-born cows with estimation "very good" exceeded peers with score "good plus" by milk yield with highly reliable difference of 583 kg (P < 0.001), and with score "good" – at 1884 kg, the difference was also highly reliable at Р ˂ 0,001 With unreliable reducing the fat content in milk from cows with score "good plus" and "good", milk fat gain at firstborn with the assessment "very good" was compared in animals with score "good plus" 20.8, and "good" – at 68.8 kg (R ˂ 0,001). Use in dairy cattle selection process of linear classification method was very effective objective definition of pedigree cows exterior features and a link between the group of linear traits and milk yield – guarantee the efficiency of selection of animals by type.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND EXTERIOR TYPE OF FIRST-CALVE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON UDDER-MASO-METRIC INDEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
M. S. Pelehatyi ◽  
O. А. Kochuk-Iashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Score System ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Dairy Breed

The theory and practice of breeding show that optimal results can be achieved by a complete evaluation of the genotype. The leading method of such an estimation is an index expression, which accumulates in one indicator the optimal ratio of breeding signs. In this aspect, it is important to use the breeding indices, which are estimated by the exteriors of animals, since breeding only on the indicators of milk productivity, namely on the level of fertility, contributes to the degradation of reproductive ability and, generally speaking, to the early extinction of the herd of animals. This determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of selection first-born cows by the udder-mass-metric index in the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed.The research was carried out on 198 first-born cows Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed PAC "Yerchi". We used the basis of breeding records and the results of their own research.The differentiation of cows by the size of the wizard-mass-metric index was carried out according to the methodology of O. P. Polkovnikova wiith co-authors. Groups are conventionally called early, optimal and late.The results of our research showed that the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, separated by the size of this index, significantly differ in their complexes features of the 100-score system of linear classification of the exterior type. The studied animals of the three groups for all the complexes of the 100-score system received rather high ratings: from 78.8 to 81.9 points, which corresponds to the classes "good" and "good with the plus" in accordance with international requirements.In general, there is a clear tendency that with an increase in the value of the udder-mass-metric index there is an increase in the overwhelming majority of complex features of linear classification, except for the complex features of the exterior, which characterizes the development of the body and gives an idea of the size of animals. Better were animals of groups II.With the increase in the size of the udder-mass-metric index in cows, the level of assessments of the main descriptive traits is also significantly increased. The best indicators of the descriptive features of the linear classification of the exterior were the group of animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which, according to the value of the udder-maso-metric index, are classified as high-value groups of magnitude 16.9 or more. units, the worst – animals of the first group (11.7 and less than units of scientists). The difference between animals of the best and worst groups in 50% of cases was reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).The dynamics of dairy productivity in a certain way "copies" the dynamics of group and descriptive signs of the exterior type of animals. That is, with the increase of the size of the udder-mass-metric index there is a linear increase in quantitative characteristics of milk productivity.The animals of the group III showed the best results in PAC “Yerchyky”. From them received 305 days of the first lactation of 6036 kg with fat content of 3.63% and the amount of milk fat and protein, respectively, 218 and 185.0 kg. The lowest counts are first-born cows of group I (5390, 3.57, 193.5 and 166.3 respectively). Animals of group II occupy an intermediate position. The difference between the groups of animals for milk productivity, differentiated by the size of the exterior index in 40% of cases was reliable.The distribution of animals by the size of the extermination index (UMMI) completely copies their location according to the overall assessment of the exterior type and the 305 days lactation, which again confirms the existence of a direct correlation between these features. That is, differentiation and selection of animals by the size of the udder-mass-metric index can be an effective method for improving the milk production and exterivation of animals in the milk breed herd of PAC “Yarchiki”.With the help of the exterior index, we can predict milk productivity, that is, with the increase in the value of UMMI per unit milk productivity, namely, milk for 305 days of lactation, increases by 323 kg.Increasing the value of the udder-mass-metric index is accompanied by an increase in the consolidation factor for all the blocks of attributes. That is, the selection with the maximum value of the index of group III will help to increase the typification of animals by the exterior type and productivity.We also studied the influence of the exterior index on the manifestation of exterior and productivity. The results of this analysis showed that the share of this index in the overall variability of the signs varies within the range of 1.87–16.88 among the signs of the 100-score linear classification system and 0.31–7.92 among the signs of milk productivity, but it should be noted, that in 70 and 80% of cases the force of influence was reliable, respectively (P < 0,05–0,001). On average, the impact strength of the 9-point linear classification system was 2.94%.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION DAUGHTERS OF BULL-SIRES ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICA-TION

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi ◽  
Serhii Khmelnychyi ◽  
Dmitryi Bardash
Keyword(s):  
Linear Estimation ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of our research was to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of bull-sires daughters in the Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, estimated by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of cows. The experimental base of research was information on the linear classification of first-calf cows of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the PE "Burynske" breeding farm in Pidlisnivskyi department of Sumy district. The estimation of the first-calf cows by type was carried out using the method of linear classification by two systems: 9-point, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits and 100-point including four complexes of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) cows of selection groups for linear traits of the conformation were determined according to formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). The level of phenotypic consolidation daughters of bull-sires estimated by group conformation traits indicated that regardless of the origin, phenotypic consolidation coefficients by overall type assessment had a positive value with a wide variability of coefficient K1 from 0.056 to 0.512 and coefficient K2 – from 0.065 to 0.505. Among all estimated by phenotypic consolidation bulls, less consolidated by group linear traits were found sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed – Motuzok and Front. Among sires of Holstein breed the best by group traits and overall assessment of the type were: V. Delight (K1 = 0.242-0.334; K2 = 0.247-0.349); D. Capris (K1 = 0.085-0.341; K2 = 0.089-0.348) and Hayes (K1 = 0.071-0.375; K2 = 0.082-0.370). From the sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the Iceberg was the best (К1 = 0.059-0.478; К2 = 0.047-0.472). Magnitude of the degree phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits of linear estimation daughters of bull-sires, regardless of origin, differed significantly by higher variability in comparison with group traits. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation calculated by the formula K1, varied according to the bull-sires assessment from -0.434 (teats length of Iceberg daughters) to 0.504 (rump angle of Milliam daughters). The higher variability of phenotypic consolidation coefficients was revealed according to the formula K2, whose level varied from -0.571 (udder depth of Lyubimy's daughters) to 0.546 (angularity of Milliam daughters). By the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits K1 and K2, there wasn't found no one bull-sire only with positive values. The most consolidated for overwhelming majority of descriptive traits were the bulls-sires of Holstein breed – Lauer, Toprate and Milliam. The highest consolidation of descriptive traits had all daughters of bulls by angularity with the highest number of positive values of coefficients. The presence of a genetic influence of bull-sires on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits of daughters with a significant advantage of Holstein producers was established.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPICAL CONSOLIDATION OF FIRSTBORN COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHINE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS BY CONFORMATION TYPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Leontiі Khmelnychyi ◽  
Olha Anisimova ◽  
Ihor Kompanets ◽  
Dymytrii Lemeshko ◽  
Oleksandra Perekuta
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Type K ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Dairy Breed

The phenotypic consolidation of firstborn cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed of different lines by conformation type was studied. Cows were evaluated according to the method of linear classification in the herd of breeding farm PAE "Piskivs'ke" Bakhmatsky district of Chernihiv region. The degree of phenotypic consolidation of lines was determined by formulas of Yu. P. Polupan (2005). Regardless of the line representation, the highest degree of phenotypic consolidation was found in the set of traits that characterize udder with coefficients ranging from K = 0.200 (Inganse line) to K = 0.393 (Kevelie line). According to the complex of conformation traits that characterize expression of dairy type in cows, the best were consolidated daughter descendants of Inganse (K = 0.309) and Kevelie lines (K = 0.335). Offsprings of two pedigree lines Siteishn (K = 0.015) and R. Sovering (K = 0.049) have a low degree of phenotypic consolidation by set of dairy-type body parts. A similar situation in determining the degree of phenotypic consolidation was observed for a group of body parts characterizing body development. The best consolidated were animals Inganse (K = 0.267) and Kevelie (K = 0.395), and the worst - Siteshn (K = 0.048) and Valiant (K = 0.042) lines. According to the assessment of descriptive traits within studied lines, following body parts were distinguished by positive values of phenotypic consolidation coefficients : rump height (K = 0.127-273), body depth (K = 0.092-0.328), rear width (K = 0.033-0.363), front udder part attachment (K = 0.041-0.227), dairy type (K = 0.143-0.385), and negative - hooves condition (K = -0.264… -0.046). Analyzing the results of research, it can be argued that practical application of phenotypic consolidation coefficients as objective evaluation criteria will allow in the future to control consolidation of genealogical formations and other breeding groups of animals both by conformation type and another selection traits.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CONFORMATION TYPE OF COWS BROWN CATTLE OF SUMY REGION ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Score System ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Brown Cattle ◽  
Almost All

Researches cows firstborn of Lebedynsk, Ukrainian Brown dairy, Brown Swiss, estimated by the method of linear classification were carried out on livestock population in Sumy region. The interbreed variability was installed according to assessment by 100-score system of linear classification and by 18 descriptive traits of 9-score scale. Traits of dairy type were better expressed in cows of Swiss breed (83.5 score) against 80.4 and 81.8 scores in peers of Lebedynsk and Ukrainian Brown dairy. The traits of cows' body didn't differ in significant variability when comparing the tested breeds and were within the error of average value (83.6-83.9 scores). The average assessment of cows firstborn of Brown Swiss breed for udder morphological traits at the level of 83.1 scores exceeded animals assessments of Lebedynsk (80.4 scores) and Ukrainian Brown dairy (81.8 scores) breeds. Descriptive traits, in contrast to the group, have a significant level of variability, regardless of the assessed breed. High and reliable relationships were established between the assessment of group traits and the amount of milk yield during the first lactation, that characterize dairy type (0.222-0.433; (P <0.001), body development (0.392-0.412; P <0.001) and udder (0.364 -0.484; P <0.001). The correlation coefficients between the final assessment of type and milk yield in animals of the experimental breeds were in the range of 0.377-0.378 (P <0.001). A positive correlation was observed for almost all individual descriptive traits of conformation and milk yield within the experimental breeds, with the exception of udder depth (-0.119 ... -0.085), teat length (-0.044 ... -0.115) and body condition (-0.256 ... -0.303). According to the results of a linear assessment of Brown cows, the best indicators of conformation type were in Brown Swiss, characterizing it as a specialized dairy type. Lebedynsk cattle, according to the traits of linear classification, approached the combined type, and Ukrainian Brown dairy cattle occupied an intermediate position between scores of Lebedynsk and Swiss breeds with characteristic traits of dairy type.

Features of the conformation type of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy breeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
A. Loboda ◽  
D. Bardash
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Good Characteristic ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Final Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Significant Superiority

Research of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy breeds by linear traits was carried out. Research was conducted at the enterprises of the "Ukrlendfarminh" company: PE "Burynske" of Pidlisnivskoho Branch of Sumy District and LLC "Mlynivsky Complex" of Romny Branch of Sumy Region. According to the 100-point linear classification system, an interbreed difference was determined with the best indicators of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed. The average scores of both breeds for the group traits and final assessment ranged from "good with plus" (80–84 scores). According to the estimation of group traits of dairy type, the predominance of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed over Red-and-White was 1.3 scores (P <0.001); according to assess the condition of limbs and hooves, the difference was in favor of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed with a difference of 1.3 scores (P <0.001). The best developed udder was found in cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, which outperformed the peers of Ukrainian Red-and-White one by 1.4 scores with high reliability (P <0.001). As a result, the final score was higher in cows of Ukrainian black-and-White Dairy breed (83.0 scores) with a slight but significant superiority of peers Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, which was 0.4 scores (P <0.01). The developmental level of 18 descriptive traits of cows showed their considerable variability both within breeds and within each breed. In general, the evaluated animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed are characterized by well-pronounced height (6.3 scores), body depth (7.2 scores), angularity (6.8 scores), slope (5.1 scores) and rear width (6,5 scores), front udder parts attachment (6.5 scores), central ligament (6.4 scores) and udder depth (6.6 scores). The first-born cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed have better developed chest in width (6.9 scores) and body depth (7.5 scores), stronger hooves (6.4 scores). The conformation of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed had a good characteristic of descriptive traits that determined their milkiness and for Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed – strength. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, linear assessment, conformation, type, milk productivity.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CONFORMATION TYPE OF DAIRY CATTLE OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN AND CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY OF LINEAR TYPE TRAITS WITH MILK YIELD COWS OF HOLSTEIN BREED

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
V. V. Vechorka ◽  
S. L. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Point System ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reliable Correlation

Researches were carried out on estimation cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy and Holstein breeds by the method of linear classification in the herd of pedigree farm LLC "Vladana" in Sumy region. When comparing cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy with Holstein, the improving influence sires of Holstein breed on the development of conformation of cows in the herd according to indicators of the linear assessment by 100-point system was found. The difference was based on the group traits of dairy type 1,1 score, legs – 1,3, udder – 1,6 and final score – 1,2. In all comparisons, the difference was highly reliable at P < 0.001. By descriptive traits improvement with a significant difference were observed in height (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), body depth (by 0,3 scores; P < 0,05), rump width (by 0,6 scores; P < 0,001), angle of pelvic limbs (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), foot angle (by 0,9 scores, P < 0,001), front udder attachment (by 0,4 scores, P < 0,001), central ligament (by 0,8 scores; P < 0,001), udder depth (by 0,9 scores; P < 0,001) and teats length (by 0,3 scores; P < 0.01). Animals of Holstein breed compared to Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy became more narrow-chested (by 0,7 scores; P < 0,001). The identified relationships between linear traits and value of milk yield of first-born cows in the controlled herd were determined the existence of a reliable correlation between estimation both for individual complexes of conformation traits and overall assessment by 100-point classification system (r = 0,198–0,464; P < 0,001). Positive and reliable correlation with milk yield was observed by a number of descriptive traits: height (r = 0,359), body depth (r = 0,384), angularity (r = 0,474), rump width (r = 0,311), posture of pelvic limbs (r = 0,361), foot angle (r = 0,273), front (r = 0,355) and rear udder attachment (r = 0,330), central ligament (r = 0,311), locomotion (r = 0,305). Body condition score was correlated negatively (r = -0,168). Thus, the determined correlations between linear traits of the conformation and milk yield for lactation have been indicated the reliability of selection of cows by conformation type, simultaneously improving milk production. The using sires of Holstein breed during absorbed crossing with Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed have been improved linear traits of the conformation type in their offspring. Positive relationship between group and main descriptive linear traits characterizing conformation, and value of milk yield would be facilitated by efficient indirect selection based on the type and productivity.

Linear type trait evaluation of firstborns of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed depending on the body build

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
R. Stavetska ◽  
Y. Dynko ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

It has been experimentally proven that the strength and direction of the connection between the linear type traits evaluation of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed cows and their body build depends on the type of the build and the sign of the exterior. The study was conducted in 2018 on a breeding plant of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed SPC named Shchorsa in Kiev region (n=89). Differentiation of cows on types of their body build was conducted by the method proposed by Chernenko (low-capacity, mid-capacity and high-capacity types) and Kolesnik (by the massiveness index – on the friable and dense, the bone index – delicate and rough, the wide-breast and wide-rump indices – on narrow-body and wide-body types). It was found that the cow-heiferswere well-developed, had intermediate stature and optimum body condition score, deep body, and wide, slight slope rump. They alsohad desirable rear legs, set and foot angle but some toe-out, the udder was well-balanced. Under the good total score of the exterior of studied cows there were some animals with short stature (134– 136 cm), very wide rump, straight rear legs side view and toe-out, extremely steep foot angle, loose fore udder attachment, deep udder below hocks and front teat placement inside of quarter. The degree of development of the studied linear traits of cow-heifers confirms their in-herd variability. The variability of the exterior traits varies from 10,7 % (body depth) to 38,6 % (stature). In addition to the stature of a significant variability was characterized of angularity (22,4 %), rear legs set (22,5 %), body condition score (21,8 %), as well as traits that describe udder: rear udder attachment (31,4 %), udder depth (32,6 %) and front and rear teat position (31,3 % and 25,1 %, respectively). The high variability of linear traits indicates the possibility of effective their selection. As a result of the research, it has been established that the strength and direction of the correlations between the linear type traits evaluation of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows and the type of their body build depends on the type of the body build and the linear trait. The low-, mid- and high-capacity bodies build types (according to Chernenko) reliably correlate with chest width (r=0,58) and body depth (r=0,48), rear legs rear view (r=0,30), the central ligament (r=0,28), udder depth (r =-0,22) and teat length (r=0,25), P˂0,01–0,001. Friable and dense bodies build (according to Kolesnik) were most strongly associated with stature (r=-0,28), chest width (r =-0,70), and body depth (r=-0,38), as well as with rear legs rear view (r=-0,23), P˂0,05...0,001; delicate and rough bodies build – with stature (r=-0,51), angularity (r=-0,22),rump width (r=-0,35), udder depth (r=-0,27) and rear udder attachment (r =0,20), P ˂ 0,05–0,001; narrow-body and wide-body types – with chest width (r=0,30) and rump width (r=0,23), P˂0,05–0,01. Linear type trait evaluation of cows depends on the body build. The strength and direction of the correlations between types of body build and linear traits showed that the most informative is the classification of the body build by low-, mid- and high-capacity according to Chernenko – on the average η2x=17,5 %. The less informative – by narrow-body and wide-body types according to Kolesnik – η2x=7,6 %. The classification of cows on delicate-rough, narrow-body and wide-body types (according to Kolesnik) according to informativeness and reliability can have the intermediate position – η2x=10,0–11,5 %. The strongest influence on the body build has the cows’ height (η2x=27,9 % on average for all studied types of body build), chest width (η2x=33,5 %), body depth (η2x=21,8 %), rump width (η2x=24,1 %) and rear legs (η2x=18,7 %). Key words: cows, linear type trait evaluation, body build, correlation, power of influence.

CONSEQUENCES OF “HOLSTEINIZATION” OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-PIED DAIRY BREED BY GENE BOLA-DRB3.2

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
T. M. Suprovych ◽  
M. P. Suprovych ◽  
R. V. Kolinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Specific Pcr

Introduction. The main direction of increasing the productivity of milk is to increase the proportion of heredity of the Holstein breed in the genotype of cows. Industrial breeds in Ukraine are improving due to the increase in the Holstein inheritance in the genotype of cows. The "holsteinization" of the most widespread domestic Black-and-White diary breed is intensively conducted. Currently, the percentage of heredity from Holstein is 90% or more. The negative effect of "holsteinization" appeared in reducing the resistance of animals to diseases that led to the spread of necrobacterial pathology. The control of the spread of necrobacteriosis can be based on genetic markers. Important markers can be the allele of the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene responsible for the formation of adaptive immunity. Due to the ambiguity of the results of "holsteinization", the following tasks were solved: To study the genetic structure of the herd for the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene at the beginning of the "holsteinization" and now. To compare the detected genetic structures with the alleles spectrum of North American Holstein and identify quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of the herd genotype. To determine the effect of "holsteinization" on the dynamics of milk production and the state of morbidity by necrobacteriosis. Materials and methods of research. Comparison of alleles of population of the Ukrainian Black-Pied Dairy (UBPD) breed and Holstein breed was conducted to detect the consequences of "holsteinization" on milk yield and incidence of necrobacteriosis. The data of the allelic polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene of the UBPD10 (2010, n = 162), UBPD15 (2015, n = 114) and two Holstein populations of the USA and Canada were collected. The allelic spectrum was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. The amplification of the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene was performed using 2-step PCR with the use of primers HLO-30, HLO-31 and HLO-32 and allele-specific PCR. Restriction analysis was performed with endonuclease RsaI, HaeIII, BstYI (XhoII). Restriction fragments were separated by electrophoresis in 4% agarose gel. Counting of allele frequencies was performed taking into account the number of homozygotes and heterozygotes found for the corresponding alleles. To determine the phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the studied herds, genetic distance and genetic similarity were determined by the M. Nei method. Individual dairy productivity of cows was estimated for all lactation (regardless of its duration). Average milk yields were determined as the total volume of milk produced divided by the number of dairy cows. Results and discussion. The breeding measures carried out led to the accumulation of alleles characteristic of the Holstein breed. For Holstein, there are eight alleles with a frequency of more than 4%. It is alleles *03, *07, *08, *11, *16, *22, *23, *24. A high degree of consolidation of weighty alleles can be outlined. In total they occupy 84,6% of allele spectrum of the population. Consolidation of such alleles in the herd of the Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed is much lower - only 52.2%, although it increased by 6.2% over 5 years. Alleles *10, *13 and *28 are "weighty" for the Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed, but they are almost non-existent in Holsteins. The genetic similarity of the herd UBPD15 and Holstein increased by ΔI = 0,085, and the genetic distance between the herds of the UBPD increased by ΔD = 0,085 for 5 years. The comparison of the allele spectrum of Holstein and the Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed shows both the accumulation and the elimination of alleles associated with high productivity. The largest consolidation is typical for alleles *24 (+ 6.75%) and *16 (+ 4.65%). The frequency of "milk" alleles *22 and *08 decreased, respectively, by 4.14 and 1.27%. Alleys, which cause low milk productivity, have the following dynamics: * 23 + 2.53%, *11 – 0.67 and *28 – 0.26. The accumulation of alleles *16 and *23 (7.18%) was found that are associated with predisposition to necrobacteriosis and elimination of *03 and *22 alleles (4.75%) that influence on this disease. Conclusions. It is determined that the role of alleles characteristic for Holstein is increasing in the the Ukrainian Black-and-White diary herd. Breeding measures for holsteinization are conducted in the right direction. There is accumulation of alleles associated with high milk productivity and predisposition to necrobacteriosis. It positively affects the growth of milk production and negatively affects the incidence of necrobacteriosis.

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