CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE BULLS OF THE CARPATHIAN BROWN BREED BY KAPPA-KASEIN (CSN3) GENE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Gyzieev ◽  
О. V. Sydorenko ◽  
L. V. Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

In Ukraine, especially in certain natural and climatic zones, an important role in the production of food and social life of the population is played by the Carpathian Brown breed of cattle that extremely efficiently uses the natural pastures of the Carpathians. Animals of this breed have unique biological characteristics, resistant to diseases, have high resistance, the ability to withstand stress, have a strong constitution, a high duration of productive use, reproductive and adaptive ability, the content of protein in milk, available for chewing the kappa-casein fraction, good parameters for realization of genetic potential. The Carpathian Brown cattle with its high adaptability to the environment deserve the preservation and sustainable use, and for this purpose it is necessary to create a reliable genetic foundation. Moreover, it is important to know the genetic features of animals that are intended to produce specific products and still remain a significant functional element of the production system in the region. The gene kappa-casein is one of the few known genes, is uniquely associated with the signs of protein digestibility and technological properties of milk. Allele In the kappa-casein gene is associated with a higher protein content in milk, a higher yield of cheese, as well as better coagulation properties of milk. The purpose of this work was to establish the genotypes and to determine the genetic structure of the population of the Carpathian Brown breeders for the gene of kappa-casein (CSN3) with the determination of the possibility of their further use. The material for research was the semen of the bulls of Carpathian Brown breed (n = 21 heads), which originate from the leading tribal herds of the Zakarpattia oblast and evaluated by origin, by their own productivity at the Zakarpattia Regional State Tribal Station (now Private Joint-stock company "Zakarpatske plempidpryyemstvo"). In accordance with FAO recommendations for assessing the risk status of animal genetic resources and calculations carried out, a brown Carpathian breed of cattle is in the critical state of risk of disappearance. This status depends on the effective size of the population, the number of females and males, trends in the dynamics of their changes and the way breeder breeding work. In 2005 in 16 controllable herds of Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts there were 2866 heads of cattle of Carpathian Brown breed, including 1083 cows. And since 2014 according to the State Register of subjects of breeding business in livestock breeding, no breeding farm has left in Ukraine for breeding this kind of breed and there is no program of breeding the pedigrees. The breeding stock of Carpathian Brown breed is breeding only in private peasant farms. According to FAO recommendations, a part of the genetic material from the breeders of the brown Carpathian breed that belongs to Private Joint-stock company "Zakarpatske plempidpryyemstvo" was deposited in the Bank of Animals of Genetic Resources of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. According to the data provided in the section "Reserve gene pool" of the Catalog of bulls of dairy and dairy-meat breeds, allowed to reproduce the mother stock in 2017, information is provided on 28 bulls of Carpathian Brown breed with available semen. Therefore, taking into account the results of the monitoring and analysis carried out, it should be noted that the possibility of restoration of the stock breed stock of Carpathian Brown breed has not been lost. Carpathian Brown breed as a local breed requires systematic population-genetic monitoring. The genetic material of the breeders of Carpathian Brown breed according to the genealogical structure is diverse and belongs to 12 lines. The most numerous representatives of the fruit of the lines of the Sokola 553 i Malchyka 3, Kaplera 43, Stretcha 143612, Fitsko 33, Pishty 10, Eleyma 110327, Raneta 584, Rupora 6507, Siroho 1759, Shoni 6 i Yu. Yuvelira 273, which at one time were the most widespread in the breed. Representatives of these lines for the CSN3 gene revealed polymorphism of all possible variants of the genotypes AA, AB and BB. According to the results of molecular genetic analysis, determination of frequency of distribution of genotypes and alleles of bulls of Carpathian Brown breed according to the gene of kapa-casein CSN3 has been determined. The frequency of the desired genotype BB among the examined animals was 0.143, and the frequency of carriers of the genotype AA was 0.381. Frequency of carriers of the heterozygous genotype AB was 0.476. The carrier frequency of the allele A in the animals tested is 0.619, which is twice as high as the allele B frequency of 0.381. By Hardy-Weinberg law, we did not determine the probable difference between the actual and expected distribution of genotype frequencies for the CSN3 gene. Conclusions on the basis of the analysis of the established genotypes and the determined frequency of allelic variants for the kappa-casein (CSN3) gene in the explored bogs of Carpathian Brown breed Private Joint-stock company "Zakarpatske plempidpryyemstvo" it was revealed that the available genetic resources of the pedigrees are quite varied according to the genealogical and genetic structure.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of the <i>CRC</i> and <i>MYF4</i> genes in genetic resource, Přeštice Black-Pied pig

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
P. Horák ◽  
T. Urban ◽  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Structure Mapping

Abstract. The study of molecular genetic variability in genetic resources of farm animals is necessary for optimal conduct of their breeding and for understanding of relations between molecular markers and traits. The determination of variability in the CRC and the MYF4 genes and the evaluation of associations between these genetic markers and the total number born, the number born alive and the number weaned of piglets, weaning weight of piglets and farrowing interval were carried out in population of 102 Přeštice Black-Pied sows. The frequency of the allele CRCn (0.083) was found out to be markedly lower than the frequency of the allele CRCN and there was observed no sow of homozygous recessive genotype in the investigated sample population. In MYF4 locus, the higher frequency of the MYFB allele was detected (0.711). A significant influence of the CRC gene polymorphism on number of piglets alive born in the 1st and the 1st–6th litters was discovered. In the total number of born piglets the significant disparity were ascertained between the MYF4A/MYF4A and MYF4A/MYF4B, MYF4A/MYF4A and MYF4B/MYF4B sows in the 2nd–6th litters and the 1st–6th litters. The obtained data are exploitable in genetic structure mapping, management of breeding and improvement of this breed and comparison with other pig genetic resources.

scholarly journals Cytomic analysis: a modern universal tool for biomedical and ecological and hygienic research (literature review). Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156
Author(s):  
Elena K. Krivtsova ◽  
Faina I. Ingel ◽  
Lyudmila V. Akhaltseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Long Time

The understanding of the connection between malignant cell transformation and genetic instability has existed for a long time. Such markers of genetic instability as micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities - nucleoplasmic bridges (NPM) and nuclear buds are signs of malignant growth. However, they were seen only as a by-product of genetic instability, a convenient tool for its study for a long time. Only the studies of recent decades that used the latest methods of molecular genetic analysis (genome sequencing of an individual cell, long-term intravital microscopy and individual chromosomes labelling, hybridization in situ, etc.) have made it possible to establish that the rearrangements of the genetic material in cancer cells are much deeper and more massive than it thought to be. In addition, MN turned out to play an active role in maintaining the state of chromosomal instability in the cell population. This review outlines the current understanding of the processes leading to the emergence of unstable genomes - the phenomenon of «genomic chaos» and its particular case, chromothripsis. The molecular biological features of MN and their role in cellular life and the life of the whole organism are also considered. The significance of MN as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in oncological, neurodegenerative and many other diseases has been analyzed. Much attention is paid to the use of cytome analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and human epithelial cells in medical research. It has been suggested that, when used in medical research, cytome analysis can serve as a tool to identify individuals with higher cancer risk. We used the PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Scopus, eLibrary databases as the sources of literature.

scholarly journals The pattern of genetic diversity of different breeds of pigs based on microsatellite analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
V. R. Kharzinova ◽  
N. A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Large White ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks of genetics and animal breeding is the assessment of genetic diversity and the study of genetic relationships between different breeds and populations using molecular genetic analysis methods. We analysed the polymorphism of microsatellites and the information on the state of genetic diversity and the population structure of local breeds in Russia: the Kemerovo, the Berkshire, the Liven, the Mangalitsa, and the Civilian; in the Republic of Belarus: the Large White and the Black-and-White; and in Ukraine: the White Steppe, as well as commercial breeds of imported origin of domestic reproduction: the Large White, the Landrace, and the Duroc. The materials used for this study were the tissue and DNA samples extracted from 1,194 pigs and DNA of the UNU “Genetic material bank of domestic and wild animal species and birds” of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Polymorphisms of 10 microsatellites (S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SO005, SW72, SW951, S0101, SW240, and SW857) were determined according to the previously developed technique using DNA analyser ABI3130xl. To estimate the allele pool of each population, the average number of alleles (NA), the effective number of alleles (NE ) based on the locus, the rarified allelic richness (AR), the observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity, and the fixation index (FIS) were calculated. The degree of genetic differentiation of the breeds was assessed based on the pairwise values of FST and D. The analysis of the allelic and genetic diversity parameters of the local breeds showed that the maximum and minimum levels of polymorphism were observed in pigs of the Ukrainian White Steppe breed (NA = 6.500, NE = 3.709, and AR = 6.020) and in pigs of the Duroc breed (NA = 4.875, NE = 2.119, and AR = 3.821), respectively. The highest level of genetic diversity was found in the Large White breed of the Republic of Belarus (HO = 0.707 and NE = 0.702). The minimum level of genetic diversity was found in pigs of the imported breeds – the Landrace (HO = 0.459, HE = 0.400) and the Duroc (HO = 0.480, HE = 0.469) – indicating a high selection pressure in these breeds. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the genetic origin of Large White pigs, the breeds, from which the Berkshire pigs originated, and the genetic detachment of the Landrace from the Mangalitsa breeds were revealed. The cluster analysis showed a genetic consolidation of the Black-and-White, the Berkshire, and the Mangalitsa pigs. Additionally, the imported breeds with clustering depending on the origin were characterised by a genetic structure different from that of the other breeds. The information obtained from these studies can serve as a guide for the management and breeding strategies of the pig breeds studied, to allow their better use and conservation.

The Brief History of the New-York Coffeehouse Company Limited

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Sára Czina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

At the turn of the 20th century, Budapest was famous for its Coffeehouse Culture. One of the most popular Café was the New-York Coffeehouse; today, it is remembered for its literary life. After 20 years of operation, in 1913, new people bought the tenant’s rights and established the first Coffeehouse joint-stock company in Hungary, called New-York coffeehouse Company Limited. This paper aims to analyze the operation of the Company in relation to the stock transfers, analysis of its profitability, and the changes in the transformations in the shares. The main goal was to figure out how the profitability and the stock transfers were connected to the contemporary social and economic circumstances. The years of the World Wars, Revolutions, the Great Depression, and the cultural/social life of the twenties had their deep effects on the life of the Company. The changes were perceptible for the public, too. Many articles were published about the hardships of the Company and the changing atmosphere of the Coffeehouse. These were different; not all of them damaged the interest of the Company Limited equally. Still, the difficulties influenced the stock transfers, profitability, and the everyday life of the Managers and Shareholders. These circumstances are parallel to the changes of the Company.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Analysis of Cucumber mosaic virus Populations Infecting Pepper Suggests Unique Patterns of Evolution in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Jang-Kyun Seo ◽  
Hae-Ryun Kwak ◽  
Jeong-Soo Kim ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms

Studying genetic structure and diversity of viruses is important to understand the evolutionary mechanisms that generate and maintain variations in viral populations. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is endemic in most pepper fields in Korea. Currently, no effective methods for control of CMV are available due to many environmental and biological factors such as the extensive evolutionary capacity of CMV. Thus, analyzing the genetic structure of CMV populations may facilitate the development of strategies for the control of CMV. In this study, 252 pepper (Capsicum annuum) samples showing virus symptoms were collected by field surveys performed throughout Korea in 2007. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that, in total, 165 collected samples were infected with CMV. Forty-five CMV isolates were randomly selected within each regional subpopulation and analyzed by full-genome sequencing. Analyses of genetic diversity showed that the 2b gene of CMV is under weaker purifying selection than the other genes. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of RNA1, the CMV isolates from pepper were divided into three clusters in subgroup I. Our full-genome sequence-based molecular analyses of the CMV Korean population suggest that the subpopulations of CMV have been geographically localized in pepper fields in Korea.

Identification and certification of Bactrian and Arvan camels of Kazakh population using DNA technology// FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: сб.науч.тр./ OEAPS Inc.; редкол.: Флора Бертран (отв.ред.) [и др.]. - Берлин, Германия : OEAPS Inc., 2018. - С. 44-56.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Kalybaevna Adil’bekova ◽  
Nuradin Alibaev ◽  
Arunas Svitojus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
Dna Microsatellites ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
Cytogenetic Monitoring ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
First Time

Kazakhstan is the center where Bactrians and Dromedaries can be raised, and hybridization between them has become widespread. Genetic resources of interspecies camel hybrids, raised in Kazakhstan, are represented by 30 generations.The most highly valuable in the conditions of Central Asia and Kazakhstan are transboundary camel breeds such as Kazakh Bactrian, Turkmen and Kazakh Dromedary, as well as new generations of camels Arada, Bainar and Baitur.At pure breeding of Kazakh Bactrian, genetic peculiarities are not taken into account, in view of the poor knowledge of this issue. To maintain the biodiversity, molecular genetic monitoring of the state of camel populations is required. Cytogenetic monitoring and certification are one of the promising areas for reliable camel genome assessment.Deep determination of Kazakh dairy camelsallele poolwas not carried out in Kazakhstan before. Genetic studies to optimize structure, identification and certification of valuable genotypes, as well as systematization of genetic resources in dairy camel breeding in Kazakhstan are urgent task.The aim of the study is identification, systematization and certification of genetic resources of Bactrian and Dromedary camels of Kazakh population using DNA technology. Genetic analysis of the typing results of the camels studied was carried out by 7 and 8 loci of DNA microsatellites. The material for the studies was DNA samples isolated from histological samples. The microsatellite loci were selected in accordance with the recommendations of the European Society of Genetics (FAO/ISAG).Identification and certification of Arvan and Kazakh Bactrian camels’ genetic resources using the microsatellite analysis of their genotype was carried outfor the first time. Breeding significance of Bactrian and Arvan camels of Kazakh population using DNA technologies was studied and determined. The obtained results of the study allowed evaluate camels at the level of the allelic profile.

scholarly journals ITGA4, ITGB7, TNFα, IL10 genes polymorphisms in the ethnic Buryat patients with ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Zhilin ◽  
E. Yu. Chashkova ◽  
A. A. Zhilina ◽  
A. Ch. Tsyrempilova
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Worldwide studies of genetic material, polymorphisms and prognostic gene models for immune-associated disorders have established differences in trans-ethnic population cohorts, which determine phenotypic and other characteristics of the course of these diseases. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a  chronic immune inflammation of the colon mucosa. More than 100 gene polymorphisms associated with multiple integrated cross-talks have been discovered.Aim: To study the ITGA4, ITGB7, TNFα, IL10 genes polymorphisms in patients with ulcerative colitis belonging to the Buryat ethnic group and living in Irkutsk region, Buryat Republic and Transbaikal territory.Materials and methods: The study included a total of 49 subjects, 24 of them being UC patients and 25 healthy volunteers, compatible in gender, age and ethnic background. The molecular genetic analysis by real time polymerase chain reaction was performed with DNA samples from whole peripheral blood leucocytes.Results: The differences in the prevalence of the ITGA4(rs1143674, rs1449263), ITGB7(rs11574532), TNFα(rs1800629), and IL10(rs1800871) genotypes were non-significant (р>0.05). The IL10(rs1800896) GG homozygote patients had higher odds ratio (OR) for UC compared to the carriers of other polymorphisms (OR 24; 95%  confidence interval (CI) 2.783–206.969; р=0.001). The AA homozygote type was less frequent among UC patients compared to healthy volunteers (OR 0.17; 95%  CI 0.049–0.589; р=0.004). The analysis of genotype frequency distribution of all studied genes including clinical characteristics of the disease showed no significant results (р>0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis has shown that IL10(rs1800896)GG was an UC predictor with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 50%  (AUC 0.760; 95% CI 0.621–0.899; p=0.002; standard error 0.71).Conclusion: The GG genotype of IL10(rs1800896) is a  UC predictor, whereas the AA genotype is significantly more prevalent among healthy subjects of the Buryat cohort. 

scholarly journals "The Bermuda triangle" of company, bankruptcy and law on takeover of joint stock companies: Three subjects of protection: Company, creditor and shareholder

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Mirko Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Legislation And Jurisprudence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Company

Company, bankruptcy and the law on takeover of joint stock companies, by regulating the duties (obligations - debtor of the obligation) of members of the management of the public joint stock company (first of all), do not have the same approach in determining the subject of protection to which there is a prescribed duty (creditor of the prescribed obligation). On the other hand, the regulation of this issue is not uniform in the relevant comparative laws of these branches of law, both at the level of legal ("hard") law as well as at the level of autonomous ("soft") law. In this paper, the author seeks, first of all, to determine the dominant position of comparative regulations regarding the determination of the subject of law (the subject of protection) of the prescribed duty of the management of a company, as well as the reasons for such determination. The author takes the position, based on the appropriate argumentation that in the company law the subject of protection is a joint stock company (company as a legal entity), in the bankruptcy law it is an unsecured creditor while in the takeover law it is a shareholder. Since there is no unique position on these issues in legal theory, legislation and jurisprudence, the author refers to this situation as a kind of "Bermuda triangle".

scholarly journals Extending and maintaining the in vitro collection of (inter)national hop varieties in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
V. B. Kovalev ◽  
T. I. Kozlik ◽  
L. V. Protsenko ◽  
A. V. Bober ◽  
B. F. Kormiltsev
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Genetic Pool

Despite the decline in the national hop production, a part of hop products, made of Ukrainian aroma hop, is highly estimated in the international market and exported. Therefore, a relevant prerequisite of ensuring a suffi cient level of competitiveness of domestic hop production is the expansion of its assortment. To satisfy this need the breeders face the task of creating varieties with unique characteristics, which requires searching for new forms and strains of hop with increased content of different biologically active compounds in cones. In this regard national research program aimed to investigate genetic stab ility of hop varieties during multiple planting and storing of explants in in vitro conditions while introducing them into the collection, adapting the composition of Murashige and Skoog culture medium for specifi c varieties is discussed. Studies conducted included the analysis of plants by morphological and variety-specifi c traits, the identifi cation of varieties by biochemical criteria, improvement of hop regenerants using ELISA, molecular-genetic analysis based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for identifi cation of hop genotypes and determination of genetic stability, and the improvement of method of microclonal reproduction of hop. As a result of the perennial research of cultivating hop planting material using the Murashige and Skoog complex of nutrients, the foundations of creating and maintaining the in vitro collection of hop varieties were fi rst elaborated in Ukraine which allow for the possibility of decreasing the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium by 50 %, replacing expensive gel-forming preparation for the maintenance of plants in the culture medium - agar-agar, the share of whose cost in the medium composition is up to 70 %, with a cheaper substance - modifi ed starch DDKamod or agroperlite, and reducing the expenses for the maintenance of genetic pool in the in vitro collection. It was determined that the spectra of microsatellite loci of the amplifi ed DNA of the explants, cultivated in vitro, during the study period did not differ from the spectra of plant DNA prior to cloning, which demonstrated DNA stability and allowed cultivating hop varieties in the in vitro culture without any changes in the genome. The composition of media for cultivation and long- term storing of hop varieties in in vitro conditions was selected.

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