METHODICAL BASIS OF CROSSBREEDING USING IN DAIRY CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. P. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The scientific research analysis of crossbreeding using in dairy cattle of guiding countries has been implemented. There has been proved, that positive results of crossbreeding can be only for observing methodical basis of its using. They are: successful selection of initial-breeds, types and plans of theirs crossing, definition of feeding conditions and management of crossbred animals, application of methods of traits valuing, directed selection of bulls. Methodical bases of crossbreeding using in dairy cattle are following: - clear determination of main aim of crossbreeding program; - selection of improve breed may realize not for the most positive but for the less number of traits. A complementary breed shouldn’t have lower milk productivity but higher level of traits, for the sake of which it is selected to crossbreeding. It should be suitable to concrete system of milk production, have satisfactory population, the ramified genealogy and sufficient number of bulls-improvers. Plan of crossing significantly influences on the results of crossbreeding. The complex rotational crossing using 3-4 selected unrelated breeds is effective. The bulls, which are selected to crossbreeding, should have the highest estimation for traits, by which the selection is being carried out. They should be free from of exterior and genetic defects. The selection level should correspond to pure breeding. The innerbreed crossbreeding of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows with top bulls of Montbeliarde, Holstein Red-and-White and Fleckvieh breeds has been suggested.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

scholarly journals Methodical basis of social security measurement of the state

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Oleh Dzoba ◽  
Nataliia Stavnycha
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Integral Indicator

Summary the article has analyzed the existing scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the level of social security of the state. It was revealed that they differ because: scientists include various components that form social security; they use various indicators and calculation methods; have various aspects of both generalization and practical direction. It was revealed that most often the components of social security include: safety of life, health, social protection and aspects of social and labor relations. The methods that are most often used in calculating the level of social security were considered. It was proved that in assessment, the selection of indicators that pose a threat, is the difficult task. It was revealed that there is no legally approved methodology for assessing the social security of the state. The use of various social security assessment methodologies was analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the selection of indicators used in these techniques. It was concluded that for assessing the social security of the state, an integral indicator is used most often. At the same time, scientists prefer their own set of indicators. The author’s definition of «social security» was presented, which allowed the formation of four components of the state’s social security (life, poverty, health and education). It was established that the choice of indicators for assessing the social security of the state should cover a retrospective period and should be based on both reporting and calculated data. A hierarchical model of an integral indicator of state social security was proposed. There was defined a set of indicators for each of proposed component. The following algorithm has been proposed for assessing the integral indicator of state social security: the formation of the components of social security and the definition of indicative indicators for each of the components; formation of a database; determination of an integral indicator; determining the influence of each component on the change in the integral indicator; interpretation of indicators; determining the sustainability of hazardous trends.

scholarly journals A New Test of Filterability for Unprocessed Wines Evaluation of the Enzyme Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Amélie Vallet-Courbin ◽  
Soizic Lacampagne ◽  
Rose Marie Canal-Llauberes ◽  
Sigolène Mattalana Malzieu ◽  
Tihomir Kanev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

A new Test of Filterability has been developed. Measurements carried out with different types of wines indicate that the new filterability index is a useful tool for understanding and predicting the propensity to fouling of treated or untreated wines, e.g. with or without enzyme addition. The measurement method used in the Test of Filterability, requires only one type of membrane for all types of wine, and uses the same equipment as the traditional Fouling Index. Numerous trials have demonstrated that the filtration of wines is governed by standard blocking law. The definition of the new Test of Filterability, based on this filtration law, is proposed. The choice of membrane and the selection of the optimal pore size were based on the results of the experiments. Current methods used for the determination of fouling properties in wine filtration have been developed for the membrane filtration of small quantities of suspended matter. Enzyme treatment is a process often used in wine clarification. The new Test of Filterability indicates the best conditions for the filtration of all types of wines. The test is easy to implement and has been validated with various wines. This new Test of Filterability is an important tool for winemakers as it constitutes a simplified test of a wine's filterability. The new test may also be used to determine the filtration process that is best adapted to each wine while reducing the number of operations. The same approach may be adopted for the filtration of other liquids. 

scholarly journals Effect of the Slope Angle and Its Classification on Landslide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Çellek
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Landslide Maps ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The phase after the determination of the landslide area in landslide susceptibility studies is the selection of methods and parameters to be used. Approximately 1500 randomly selected publications show that it is necessary to select a parameter based on the area. Research has shown that the parameter of slope is greatly preferred. There is nearly consensus of opinion among researchers regarding the use of the parameter. The research included the definition of slope made by different researchers, the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the parameter, different classifications that are used, the formation intervals of landslides, their use together with other parameters, and its effect on the formation of landslides. Classifications were studied based on the slope values at which landslides. Generally, automatic slope classifications are used in the preparation of landslide maps. There isn’t standard in parameter maps. Therefore, there isn’t class range that is referenced when preparing slope maps. In this study, preferred class ranges and slope values where landslides occur were determined in the literature. 40 landslides area has been selected in Turkey. These were evaluated in the slope classes determined according to the literature. The results compared with the literature were found to be compatible.

scholarly journals FORMING OF ECONOMIC-AND-USEFUL TRAITS OF COWS IN DEPEND OF ORIGIN BY FATHER

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The increase in the productivity of dairy cows significantly depends on the qualitative selection, evaluation and intensive use of procreator bulls with breeding value both for milk production and exteriors. The proper selection of bull for reproduction the herd is an important and responsible measure as the heredity of the procreators in the genetic improvement of breeds is extremely high, especially at the present stage of breeding. The aim of the research was to determine the level of influence of father's origin on dairy productivity, exterior and reproductive capacity of Ukrainian Red dairy cows in the conditions of the Central region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of zootechnical records in a herd breeding plant for the breeding of the Ukrainian Red dairy breeds of cattle of the State Enterprise of Experimental Household «Elitne» of the Kirovograd SAES NAAS. The analysis involves the materials of the formed electronic database on indicators of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and structure of the body of cows for the year 2015. Estimation of the exterior type of cows was conducted using the linear classification method at the age of 2–4 months after calving in two systems - 9-ball, with a linear description of 18 articles of the exterior and 100-point classification system, taking into account four sets of breeding grounds, which characterize: the severity of the dairy type, the development of the body, the state of the limbs and the morphological qualities of the udder. In the exterior, the half-sisters groups of 6 bulls with a population of 28 to 118 cows were compared. The force of origin's influence on the father was calculated by one-factor dispersion analysis. The calculations were carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics using the software package "STATISTICA-6.1". Results of the research. By comparison of group average, a significant level of differentiation of the bulls in the herd of the breeder is determined by the characteristics of their daughters. By the age of the first calving, the difference between the best and worst half-sistesr groups reached 283 ± 148,9 days or 36,5 %, with a reproduction rate of 0,181 ± 0,180 or 21,0%, for the livelihood of 305 days of first lactation – 2890 ± 959 kg оr 78,3% (P < 0,01), the second one was 2112 ± 926 kg or 40,9% (P < 0,05), the third group was 113 ± 521 kg or 18,4% (P < 0,05). In terms of the content of fat in milk, the intergroup difference was 0,38 ± 0,294% (td = 1,29) for the first, 0.64 ± 0,155% (td = 1,62) for the second and 0,44 ± 0,311% (td = 2,03) – for the third lactation, for protein content – the difference was insignificant. Among the daughters of the studied protectors, the highest tastes for the first lactation were characterized by daughters of Tsvitka 435, Roman Reda 86883, Diplomat 401497. For the second and third Rainer 23685, Tsvitka 435, Hens Reda 398624, below all lactations of the Vendian 67955 and Cup 405. Noticed, Cvitok 435, holsteinized bull of intrarenal type of Ukrainian Red dairy breed, for the dignity of its daughters, exceeded all Holstein breeders, used in the herd. Summarized, according to the results of the classification of the four complexes exterior signs, the assessment shows the level of expression of the exterior type and suggests that it is best at the daughters of Bensons Hens Red 398624, Jorin 114414759 and Tsvitka 435. Reduce the gap between the actual estimate and the maximum possible, which is respectively 5,5, 5,7 and 6,2 points, possibly due to the quality control of the stock herd by the exteriors in the herds with the selection of procreator-bulls, estimated by the type of daughters. Conclusions. The study of milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows definited the level of differentiation between the groups of half sisters by father. The difference between the groups on separate grounds is 78,3%. At the same time, cows of the Holstein and Holstinizovany In-breed Type (HRD) of Ukrainian Red dairy breeds have a marked advantage over milk yield. The worst manifestation of the features – in animals of the bulls of Angler and Rich-Milkfat In-breed Type (FRD) of Ukrainian Red dairy breeds. Using of linear classification allowed to differentiate sufficiently the bull-producers by the exterior characteristics of the structure of the body and the mummies of their daughters. The high variability of descriptive articles indicates the need for their improvement in a part of the animals of the study population. The influence of the genetic factor of the father's origin on the variability of the considered characteristics ranged from 12 to 36%.

scholarly journals The relation of type and conformation to production in dairy cattle

1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Selection Of

Text from introduction: "The object of this investigation is to determine so far as possible how much importance should be attached to form and type in the selection of dairy cows and to what extent type may be expressed by definite measurements."

Energy-Derived, Damage-Based Failure Criterion for Fatigue Testing

2000 ◽  
Vol 1723 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Ghuzlan ◽  
Samuel H. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Constant Stress ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Determination of the failure limit in a repeated-load fatigue test in the laboratory has relied entirely on the arbitrary selection of a fixed criterion. The constant strain and constant stress modes of fatigue loading have been described by a consistent definition of failure in flexural fatigue testing because of the distinctly different application of energy during the loading history. The most widely accepted definition is a decrease in initial stiffness by 50 percent. Procedures examining energy input and dissipated energy have required different schemes for each mode in an attempt to describe similar states of damage in the mixture. A proposed method is presented for examining dissipated energy to select a consistent level of material behavior that is indicative of the damage accumulation in the mixture. This procedure shows the similarity between the constant stress and constant strain modes of testing and is shown to provide the potential for unifying the now phenomenological description of fatigue with a more rational energy-based description.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF ACCESSORIES OF JUDICIAL EXAMINATION TO INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
I. Pyrih
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with problematic issues related to the norms of criminal procedure legislation, considering the involvement of an expert as an investigative action. Among criminal scientists and proceduralists there is no consensus on the procedural definition of forensic examination. Most of them include forensics to investigative actions. By the definition of a forensic examination, it is clear that an integral feature of a procedural action is to conduct it exclusively by officials of state bodies authorized by law to conduct criminal proceedings. These include: employees of the operational units, an investigator, a prosecutor, a judge. The subject of the examination is an expert – a person not authorized by law to conduct investigative actions. That is why, in our opinion, it is impossible to refer an examination to investigative actions. Proponents of referring a forensic examination to investigative actions most often mean it as «the appointment and conduct of a forensic examination». It is argued that actions regarding the appointment and conduct of the examination are different in nature and subjects of conduct. If we consider the stage of appointment of the examination, and for the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine – the involvement of an expert, then its subject is the investigator. The subject of the examination is an expert. Considering the characteristic features of the investigative action, it can be concluded that the stage of appointment of the examination or the involvement of an expert, which scientists consider as preparatory to the examination, has all the signs inherent in an independent investigative action. It is governed by the rules of procedural law, carried out in the framework of criminal proceedings, authorized by the person. When an expert is involved, the investigator conducts certain actions, the result of which is reflected in the ruling of the investigating judge. The purpose of the examination is to obtain, research and verify evidence. Considering the involvement of an expert as a separate investigative action, we define its content, divided into generally accepted stages: preparatory, working and final. To the preparatory stage, we include such actions: the decision to conduct an examination; selection of an expert institution or a private expert; determination of the type of examination and subject of study; determining the order of appointment of examinations in relation to the same objects; timing of appointment examination. The following should be attributed to the working stage: selection of objects for examination; receipt of the decision of the investigating judge for the examination. The final stage consists of the following stages: determining the circle of persons who may be present during the examination; referrals and necessary materials to the expert institution. Key words: investigative (search) action, forensic examination, appointment of expertise, involvement of an expert.

Green libraries and green librarianship – Towards conceptualization

2020 ◽  
pp. 096100062098083
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Fedorowicz-Kruszewska
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Since the beginning of the 1990s, libraries have been undertaking a number of activities aimed at minimizing their negative impact on the environment. Those that show such activity are called ‘green libraries’. This term appears in scientific, professional and popular science literature, but its definitions are vague and ambiguous. A preliminary analysis of the content of publications dealing with the issue of green libraries shows a modest representation of theoretical and synthetic texts. This article aims to fill this gap. It has three goals: (1) clarification of the term ‘green library’, (2) conceptualization of the term ‘green librarianship’ and (3) determination of ‘green librarianship’ areas. To achieve them, first, an analysis of the environmental discourse on green libraries and green librarianship in library science literature was performed to abstract green library indicators. Then, these indicators were verified. The selection of the sample for research was deliberate. The materials were collected using the Library, Information Science & Technology Abstract (LISTA) bibliographic and abstract database. As a result, the number of green library indicators has been extended, which has made it possible to clarify the definition of this term. The definition of ‘green librarianship’ was then formulated, and the areas of green librarianship were indicated. Conceptualization of the terms ‘green library’ and ‘green librarianship’ constitutes the value of this article. The practical implication of the study is the expansion of the number of green library indicators. These indicators can be used to develop a codebook for the content analysis of documents in the discussed area. This article may also contribute to the development of methods for the evaluation of activities and development of green libraries.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DAN NILAI MANFAAT EKONOMI ATAS PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS SAPI INDUKAN WAJIB BUNTING (UPSUS SIWAB) PADA TERNAK SAPI PERAH DI KABUPATEN GARUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Achmad Firman ◽  
Lilis Nurlina ◽  
Anita Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
C Value

This study aims to evaluate the implementation and economic benefit value of UPSUS SIWAB) in dairy cattle in Garut Regency. The evaluations included body condition score (BCS), service per conception (S/C), and the economic benefit value of the UPSUS SIWAB program on dairy cattle businesses in Garut Regency. Determination of sample location was done purposively with the consideration that the area is adaptive to dairy cattle business. The selected sub-districts are Cikajang, Cilawu and Bayongbong. The results showed that 46.9% of dairy cows were thin and very thin, the S/C value was 1.7, and the estimated value of economic benefits was Rp 172,200,000.

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