REVITALISASI AGAMA DI SULUT(KASUS STUDI KELOMPOK ALIRAN SYIAH DI MANADO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amin
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract. This study discusses the social history and development of Shiite groups in Manado. It is known in Manado that there are Shi'ite religious groups with various organizations. This study wants to answer the question: how come and the development of Shi'ite followers in Manado. Start when it comes and develops. Who are the characters, and how they relate to similar flow groups in Indonesia. Through the method of observation and in-depth interviews with various parties involved in Manado and surrounding areas, this research found several important things including: the understanding or ideological thinking of the Shi'a sect has basically been accepted since the development of Islamic activism which was rolled out after the 1979 Iranian revolution. became a religious organization along with the opening of the taps of political reform in Indonesia, precisely in 2005 when the Shiite-based study groups began to develop in Manado. The acceptance of this group is mainly due to emotional closeness both in terms of kinship or other social relations between the group figures and their followers. The acceptance of this group is also due to the phenomenon of "curiosity" about the new flow that is opposed but it actually makes new followers get a new "interesting" understanding in religion. Meanwhile, the refusal of the sect was due to unbalanced information from actual Shiite sources. The Shi'a sect in Manado is not in an extreme Shia category that infiltrates, opposes and spread hatred towards other Islamic groups. With these findings, this study recommends that the Shiite sect is not a scourge or threat to Muslims in North Sulawesi. In fact, they must be embraced to cooperate in advancing Muslims in this region. Differences in furu or non-fundametal understandings should not be used as an excuse to marginalize this group of Muslims in Manado, North Sulawesi.. Keywords: Syiah, Manado. Abstrak. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang sejarah sosial dan perkembangan kelompok Syiah di Manado. Diketahui di Manado terdapat aliran kelompok keagamaan Syiah dengan berbagai organisasinya. Penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan: bagaimana datang dan berkembangnya penganut aliran Syiah di Manado. Mulai kapan datang dan berkembang. Siapa tokoh-tokohnya, dan bagaimana keterkaitannya dengan kelompok aliran serupa di Indonesia. Melalui metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait di Manado dan sekitarnya, penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal penting di antaranya : pemahaman atau pemikiran ideologis aliran Syiah pada dasarnya sudah diterima sejak berkembangnya aktivisme islam yang di gulirkan pasca revolusi Iran 1979. Namun baru berkembang menjadi organisasi keagamaan bersamaan dengan dibukanya kran reformasi politik di Indonesia, tepatnya tahun 2005 saat mulai berkembangnya kelompok-kelompok pengajian berpaham Syiah di Manado. Penerimaan yang terjadi terhadap kelompok ini utamanya karena kedekatan emosi baik secara kekerabatan atau hubungan sosial lainnya antara figur-figur kelompok tersebut dengan para pengikutnya. Penerimaan terhadap kelompok ini juga karena fenomena “penasaran” terhadap aliran baru yang ditentang tapi justru membuatpengikut baru mendapatkan pemahaman baru yang “menarik” dalam beragama. Sementara itu, penolakan-penolakan terhadap kelompok aliran ini lebih disebabkan karena informasi yang tidak seimbang dari sumber-sumber Syiah yang sebenarnya. Kelompok aliran Syiah di Manado bukan dalam kategori syiah ekstrim yang mengkafirkan, memusuhi, dan menyebarkan kebencian terhadap kelompok Islam lainnya. Dengan temuan ini, penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar kelompok aliran Syiah tidak dijadikan momok atau ancaman bagi umat Islam di Sulawesi Utara. Bahkan harus dirangkul untuk bekerja sama dalam memajukan umat Islam di Wilayah ini. Perbedaan pemahaman yang bersifat furu atau bukan fundametal janganlah dijadikan alasan unntuk meminggirkan kelompok ini dari bagian umat Islam di Manado Sulawesi Utara. Keywords: Syiah, Manado.

scholarly journals What does ‘Culture’ Mean in French? A Theoretical Mapping and Fractal Analysis of the Sociology of Culture in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455
Author(s):  
Olivier Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fractal Process ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article charts the development of the sociology of culture in France. First, it examines the hypothesis of a French model, putting into perspective the correlation between cultural policies and dedicated sociological inquiries at the end of the 1950s. ‘Culture’ is one of the oldest fields of research in France, and current research still derives from the same anthropological matrix. Yet French sociologists present themselves as part of a divided and competitive academic domain. This article, based on an encompassing review of the literature as well as on in-depth interviews, accordingly distinguishes eight different ‘schools’ – organized around pre-eminent academics, concept producers and resource providers – as well as circles of collaboration. Whilst these circles organize their theoretical activity around emblems (with the word ‘culture’ referring to different conceptual sets) the social relations in their midst are organized around dyads, which usually transition from positive collaboration to rivalry. The article highlights the importance of these divisions as a fractal process and as boundary work for scientific production. From this perspective, the sociology of culture in France could be described as a large and extensive system of concepts and collaborations developed within small groups, within and between which, as with all ‘cultural’ matters, symbolic activity is the key basis for social status.

scholarly journals The Impact and Strategy for Combating the Outbreak Covid-19 in Student

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155
Author(s):  
Endin Mujahidin ◽  
Bahagia Bahagia ◽  
Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya ◽  
Rimun Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Method Approach

This study aims to find the social impact, morals, and strategies for dealing with COVID-19 among students. Another goal is to find out the social, religious and psychological impact of COVID-19 on students at Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor. The research method approach uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with the head of the student class. The sample was selected through a purposive technique. The results were carefully examined through triangulation. The results showed that students could not establish social relations between students and did not participate in campus social organizations. Another finding, the Covid-19 outbreak has an impact on student morals because online meetings are more difficult to foster student morals because teachers do not meet students. In addition, students experience various stresses due to piling tasks and online learning does not face various obstacles such as difficulty communicating with lecturers and not understanding the material. Students take various ways to overcome stress such as listening to favourite music, watching YouTube, playing games, getting enough rest, eating favourite foods such as eating meatballs, straightening intentions, and also strengthening worship and getting closer to God.

scholarly journals Customary assets conflict and their impact on social relations fragmentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Bayu Adhinata
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research focuses on studying conflicts involving traditional villages in fighting over the ownership status of the Temple of Death (Pura Dalem) as an asset that must be owned by a traditional village. Conflict involving two traditional villages in Bali, namely Kemoning and Budaga Village in Klungkung, resulted from a claim of ownership by one of the parties ahead of a massive celebration tribute to this temple’s birth centuries ago. The ownership claim led to rejection from another party, who said their traditional village was also entitled to the Temple of Death. This mutual ownership claim then escalated into an open conflict that resulted in casualties and injuries between the two parties. This research seeks to outline the root problems of this conflict and describe the actors, dynamics, and impacts of the conflict. This study used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with five informants consisting of two key informants (former heads of the Kemoning and Budaga Villages), one Klungkung resort police officer, and two people Kemoning and Budaga Village residents. Moore, Mitchell, Furlong, and Kriesberg use several perspectives to analyze the social conflict. The results showed that the problem of the two traditional villages lies in the inaccuracy of historical data, besides that there are different perspectives between the two parties about the existence of this temple, excessive control, and dominance in the management and poor communication caused the emergence of a hostile relationship pattern, raising mutual claims over the ownership of this Temple of Death. The dispute that led to this clash created an increasingly tenuous relationship between the two traditional villages.

scholarly journals Transformasi Pengucapan Syukur: Identitas dan Relasi Sosial Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Tomohon

Tumou Tou ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Wolter Weol ◽  
Nency Aprilia Heydemans ◽  
Fienny Maria Langi
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper describes the transformation of gratitude: identity and social relations during the Covid-19 pandemic era in Tomohon. The expression of gratitude to God Almighty (Opo Empung Wailan Wangko) was inherited from the ancestors of the Tou (people) of Minahasa for the yields obtained in the form of offerings. This one gratitude is done every one person in social relations and cultural integration. This article aims to analyze the transformation of gratitude carried out in Tomohon during the Covid-19 Pandemic era. This study reveals the social identity theory from the sociological paradigm by Steph Lawler (2014) which functions as a relationship between relatives as individuals, which in this study is called family, basudara. The article data uses field research with the method of observation and in-depth interviews. The results of the research are expected to help the government and society in preventing Covid-19 so as to minimize consumptive lifestyles and maintain distance. There are three values ​​that are useful for building life, namely the value of brotherhood, mutual cooperation (mapalus) and spirituality.

Project Report on the "Investigation of the Present Situation and Development of Ethnic Minorities in China"

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Hao Shiyuan
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shi Ji

When viewed from the perspective of history, China has not had a flourishing anthropology and ethnology. However, China's traditions of ethnographic-like perspectives have flourished for a long time. Since the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and Warring States Period (475-221 BC), multiethnic structure and social relations have been recorded in China's history. Ever since Sima Qian's Shi Ji (the Historical Records), the first general history of China compiled around 100 BC, the social history and cultural customs of ethnic minorities had been covered in each dynasty's history. Moreover, some special chapters had been dedicated to keeping the records of ethnic minorities. Of course such records were not completely unbiased.

scholarly journals The Secret of Efficiency? Social Relations and Patronage in the British Army in the Era of the First World War*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
First World War ◽  
British Army ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abstract In recent years, the social history of armed forces has done much to reconstruct the experience of soldiering. However, remarkably few studies focus explicitly upon the social and political relations that play a central role in how armies behave. This article aims to understand the British Army in the era of the First World War in terms of its informal and formal organisation, exploring and interrogating the connections and relationships between individuals and the structures within which they operate. Using the concept of patronage as a lens, it will demonstrate how social relationships were able to offer alternatives to purely hierarchical systems of administration. Rather than simple favouritism, for a variety of reasons these processes functioned along meritocratic lines, enabling the Army to adopt pragmatic and innovative solutions to the challenges of the First World War.

Reconceptualizing Types of Religious Organization

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Bromley ◽  
J. Gordon Melton
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Economies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

One important theoretical task in the study of religion is distinguishing among the different organizational forms that religious groups assume. The most influential typology of religious organization has been based upon distinctions of church, denomination, sect, and cult. However, the various formulations of this typology have proved problematic, theoretically and empirically, and of little use to new religions scholars. We propose a relational approach to categorizing religious groups based on the social and cultural relationship of a group to established institutions (including religion). This approach yields four types of tradition groups: dominant, sectarian, alternative, and emergent. We argue that a relationally based typology is particularly useful in mapping religious economies, conducting comparative analysis, and tracking the changing status of religious groups over time.

الأوضاع المعيشية للأسر الفلسطينية بمراكز الإيواء في وكالة الغوث بعد العدوان الإسرائيلي على غزة 2014م

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-110
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Depth Interviews

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة للتعرف إلى بعض الصعوبات والمشكلات، والأوضاع المعيشية كما تراها الأسر المقيمة بمراكز الإيواء بمدارس وكالة الغوث الدولية واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ومنهج دراسة الحالة، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من 13 أسرة من المقيمين في مدرسة ذكور الزيتون الابتدائية “ب” بتل الهوى وتم عقد مقابلات متعمقة معهم للتعرف على الأوضاع المعيشية بشيء من التفصيل، وأيضاً تم مقابلة عدد 6 من الإخباريين الذين عايشوا الأحداث وقد أشارت النتائج المتعلقة بمكان الإعاشة وتجهيزاته إلى أن المعيشة صعبة، وأن كل الأسرة كانت تقطن في غرفة صف واحدة فى المدرسة، كما أن غرفة الصف غير معدة للمعيشة، وفيما يتعلق بالجانب الاقتصادي أكدت النتائج أن الجميع بدون عمل، وفيما يتعلق بالإخباريين؛ أكد الجميع أن كل القاطنين في مراكز الإيواء ليس لديهم أي مصدر دخل ولا عمل، وبالنسبة للجانب النفسي للنازحين وأبنائهم، أكدت كل العينة من خلال المقابلات أن أبناءهم وزوجاتهم يعانون من مشكلات نفسية عديدة تتمثل في الخوف، والتبول اللاإرادي، والأمراض النفسية، وتم تحويل جزء كبير منهم إلى عيادات خارجية، وفيما يتعلق بالجانب الاجتماعي وعلاقاتهم مع المحيطين بهم، أكدت غالبية العينة أن ليس لديهم علاقات اجتماعية مع المحيطين، حيث تقتصر علاقاتهم مع بعضهم داخل المدرسة، وبالنسبة للجانب السياسي ومستقبل عودتهم إلى بيوتهم بعد إعادة الإعمار، فيرى الجميع أنه سيكون بطيئا وسيستغرق وقتا طويلا.الكلمة الافتتاحية / الأوضاع المعيشية للأسر الفلسطينية Abstract This study aims to investigate some of the difficulties, problems and living conditions perceived by families living in shelter centers in schools of international relief agency. Researchers used descriptive analytical approach in their case study. The study sample consisted of 13 families residing in the Elzaytoon male elementary school ‘b’ in Tel al-Hawa district. It held in-depth interviews with families to know the living conditions in details. Also six news reporters were included in interviews that witnessed the events. The results concerning the place of living and its materials indicated that the living conditions were difficult; each family was living in one classroom in the school not intended for living. In regard to the economic aspect, results confirmed that inhabitants were jobless with no income. On the psychological aspect of displaced persons and their descendants, results showed that their sons and wives suffered from various psychological problems such as the fearbedwetting and mental illness. As a result of this a large part of them had been transferred to psychological clinics. In regard of the social aspect, the majority of sample individuals confirmed that they do not have social relations with those around them; relations were confined within the school only. On political level, they had no hope in returning to their homes. Moreover, they believed that house reconstruction would be slow and it will take a long time.

The Social History of confession in the Age of the Reformation

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bossy
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
The Social ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

When I offered to read a paper on this subject, I had a particular hypothesis in mind. I thought—perhaps it would be more honest to say, I hoped—it would be possible to show that, during a period roughly contemporaneous with the Reformation, the practice of the sacrament of penance in the traditional church had undergone a change which was important in itself and of general historical interest. The change, I thought, could roughly be described as a shift from the social to the personal. To be more precise, I thought it possible that, for the average layman, and notably for the average rural layman in the pre-reformation church, the emphasis of the sacrament lay in its providing part of a machinery for the regulation and resolution of offences and conflicts otherwise likely to disturb the peace of a community. The effect of the Counter-Reformation (or whatever one calls it) was, I suspected, to shift the emphasis away from the field of objective social relations and into a field of interiorized discipline for the individual. The hypothesis may be thought an arbitrary one: we can but see. I think it will be admitted that, supposing it turned out to be correct, we should have learnt something worth knowing about the difference between the medieval and the counter-reformation church, and something about the difference between pre- and post-reformation European society. If if did not turn out to be correct, we might nevertheless expect to pick up some useful knowledge about something which is scarcely a staple of current historical discourse, though it threatens to become so.

scholarly journals Use of Digital Technologies and Social Media and the Social Relationships of Teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chmielewska ◽  
Mariusz Z. Jędrzejko
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
Technology Abuse ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Polish pedagogical and psychological literature as well as mass media more and more often inform about disorders of competences and social relations of teenagers, as a result of abuse of digital technologies, especially smartphones. The authors analysed 31 cases of patients with cyberabuse and addictions at the Social Prevention Centre in terms of the occurrence, intensity and character of the disappearance of their real social contacts, as well as their behaviour in small natural peer groups. The obtained results were compared with 49 groups of adults and parents of patients. Research based on participatory observation and in-depth interviews showed that teenagers devote over 62% less time to personal social relations than their parents, their time of real social relations with parents is about 38 minutes per day, create atomistic attitudes towards family (e.g. refusal to participate in common meals), have shallow and narrow groups of friends, and prefer borrowed contacts (through social media). The average declared number of teenagers’ friends in social media exceeds 540, while their parents use smartphones in less than 140. Young respondents use smartphones in almost every social and life context (e.g. in toilets, in church, at school, during meals). The research confirmed the occurrence of digital technology abuse. The article ends with preventive delegations.

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